nutrition final
The _____ helps form feces by absorbing excess water and electrolytes from chyme. Select one: a. large intestine b. gallbladder c. pyloric valve d. lower stomach
a
The _____ is the primary site for vitamin absorption in the body. Select one: a. small intestine b. pancreas c. stomach d. large intestine e. gall bladder
a
Which of the following foods is the richest source of saturated fat? Select one: a. coconut oil b. olive oil c. chicken fat d. egg yolks
a
Which of the following groups of minerals are major minerals? Select one: a. potassium, magnesium, and sodium b. calcium, phosphorus, and zinc c. sodium, copper, and potassium d. iron, fluoride, and selenium
a
Which of the following is a vitamin that plays a direct role in energy metabolism? Select one: a. Niacin b. Folate c. Choline d. All of these e. None of these
a
Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins? Select one: a. In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins. b. In general, water-soluble vitamins are more likely to be stored in the body than fat-soluble vitamins. c. The body has higher requirements for fat-soluble vitamins. d. The body has higher requirements for water-soluble vitamins.
a
Your body needs iodine for Select one: a. maintaining normal thyroid function. b. carrying oxygen in blood. c. making essential fatty acids. d. transporting proteins in lymph.
a
During a television interview, Dr. Ima Quack provides the following statement. "Most Americans suffer from nutritional deficiency diseases and will develop cancer within the next 10 years because they are not taking my megavitamin formula therapy." Dr. Quack's statement is an example of a(n) Select one: a. biased report. b. scare tactic. c. scientific observation. d. anecdotal evidence.
b
Four-year-old Eva was born with a rare condition characterized by the lack of mucus-producing cells in her digestive tract. Based on this information, Eva probably Select one: a. experiences stiff and painful joints. b. has numerous stomach ulcers. c. bruises easily. d. forms smaller than normal blood cells
b
Glycogen is the Select one: a. simple sugar in grapes, carrots, and honey that the body converts to fat. b. carbohydrate that is stored in liver and muscle tissue. c. polysaccharide made by plants that provides structural support for leaves and stems. d. nonnutritive sweetener that can replace high-fructose corn syrup in baked products.
b
In their efforts to avoid regaining the weight they have lost, members of the National Weight Control Registry tend to Select one: a. eat high-protein diets. b. exercise for at least 60 minutes daily. c. weigh themselves only once a month. d. skip meals, especially breakfast. e. eat very low carbohydrate diets.
b
Which of the following groups of foods are sources of starch? Select one: a. beef, seafood, and chicken b. egg whites, fat-free milk, and honey c. corn, potatoes, and rice d. liver, apples, and cheese Feedback
c
Which of the following is a provitamin or precursor for vitamin A? Select one: a. Biotin b. Vitamin K1 c. Beta-carotene d. Retinol e. Alpha-tocopherol
c
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. A nutritionist has the same credentials as a registered dietitian. b. A person with a PhD has the proper training to be registered dietitian. c. Physicians and medical doctors lack significant nutrition education. d. It is illegal to call yourself a nutritionist without credentials.
c
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. The lower gastroesophageal sphincter prevents chyme from entering the small intestine. b. A thick layer of muscle tissue protects the lining of the stomach. c. Some absorption of alcohol occurs in the stomach. d. The sense of taste contributes to the sense of smell.
c
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. You can't consider household chores as forms of physical activity because of the low-intensity level of the activities. b. Walking, bowling and playing golf are forms of vigorous-intensity physical activity. c. Aerobic exercise involves rhythmic, sustained contractions of large muscle groups. d. If you can't have a conversation with your friends while exercising, you're working your large muscle groups at a moderate-intensity level.
c
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Your body uses excess dietary protein to form the antibodies that cause infections. b. Proteins are your cells' primary energy source. c. Proteins in your blood help maintain proper fluid balance. d. Structural proteins include fibrin and insulin.
c
_____ is the primary source of sodium in the typical American's diet. Select one: a. Fresh fruit b. Well water c. Processed food d. Whole milk e. Tap water
c
According to the "set point theory," a person's Select one: a. metabolic rate remains the same, regardless of environmental or physical factors. b. saturated fat intake strongly influences the rate at which he or she loses weight. c. body weight is influenced primarily by environmental factors. d. body fat level is largely genetically determined.
d
Gabrielle is due to give birth to a boy in March. Before she became pregnant, Gabrielle weighed 140 pounds, which was in the healthy range for her height. Based on this information, her physician will recommend that she gain ______ pounds during her pregnancy. Select one: a. 10 to 20 b. 15 to 25 c. 35 to 45 d. 25 to 35
d
If your diet supplies more glucose than you need, the excess can be Select one: a. metabolized to form ketone bodies and excreted by the kidneys. b. unabsorbed by the digestive tract and eliminated in bowel movements. c. converted to proteins that are metabolized for energy. d. stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles.
d
Justin's blood cholesterol level is too high. He'd like to add foods to his diet that can help reduce his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, which of the following foods should he add? Select one: a. chicken liver b. unsalted butter c. whole eggs d. cooked beans
d
Which of the following foods is a high-protein snack that can replace a snack that contains animal proteins? Select one: a. A slice of American cheese b. 1 ounce of baby carrots c. A banana d. A handful of unsalted peanuts
d
Which of the following foods is a source of phytochemicals? Select one: a. Lean meat b. Raw egg whites c. Fat-free milk d. Fresh blueberries
d
Which of the following foods is the most nutrient dense per serving? Select one: a. Grape drink b. French fries c. Soybean oil d. Fat-free milk e. Water
d
A scientist discovers a chemical that is a chain of four amino acids. Each amino acid is connected to the other by a peptide bond. Based on the information, the chemical is a Select one: a. polypeptide b. glycoprotein c. lipoprotein d. phospholipid
a
The government agency that enforces consumer protection laws by investigating false or misleading health-related claims in advertisements is the Select one: a. Federal Trade Commission (FTC). b. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). c. Agricultural Research Service (ARS). d. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Feedback
a
After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into chylomicrons and enter Select one: a. chyme. b. lacteals within the villi. c. special cells lining the hepatic portal vein. d. the duodenal ampulla.
b
Solid fats generally have a high proportion of ____ fatty acids. Select one: a. essential b. saturated c. polyunsaturated d. monounsaturated
b
Which of the following blood pressure values is normal? Select one: a. 70/120 mm Hg b. 118/69 mm Hg c. 145/60 mm Hg d. 80/120 mm Hg
b
A scientist has isolated a fatty acid that has 26 carbons bonded together. All of the carbon atoms in the chain are connected by single bonds. Based on this information, the compound is a Select one: a. polyunsaturated fatty acid b. essential fatty acid c. saturated fatty acid d. sterol
c
Theresa is concerned that her 10-year-old son may have type 1 diabetes. Which of the following conditions is a typical sign or symptom of this form of diabetes? Select one: a. gaining an unexpected amount of weight b. having a fasting blood glucose level of 90 mg/dl c. losing weight despite increased appetite d. urinating less frequently than usual
c
Which athlete would likely benefit the most from carb loading? Select one: a. Professional bowler b. College volleyball player c. Marathoner d. Recreational basketball player e. Olympic figure skater
c
Which of the following foods is a poor source of high-quality protein? Select one: a. soy milk b. 2% milk c. corn chips d. tuna steak
c
A popular fitness magazine has an article about the health benefits of high-fiber diets. Which of the following credentials indicates that the author is likely to be a reliable source of food and nutrition information? Select one: a. MS b. DM c. MD d. RD e. RN
d
A serving of food supplies 25 g carbohydrate, 20 g fat, 20 g protein, and 100 g water. Which of the following statements is true about a serving of the food? a. Protein provides about 50% of total calories b. Water provides the most food energy c. Carbohydrate provides the most food energy d. Fat provides the most food energy
d
An essential nutrient Select one: a. is necessary for proper vitamin and mineral utilization b. is made by your body c. is only in foods from animal sources d. must be supplied by your diet
d
B vitamins function as Select one: a. chemical messengers. b. structural components of body cells. c. hormones. d. parts of coenzymes.
d
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Regardless of their ages and physical conditions, people never need to take dietary supplements that include vitamins and minerals. b. To achieve optimal health, you should individualize your diet to match your blood type, eye color, and other physical characteristics. c. By taking dietary supplements that provide nutrients and phytochemicals, people can maintain good health without eating foods. d. Nutritional needs of healthy people vary during different life stages, such as infancy and pregnancy.
d
Which of the following substances enhances fat-soluble vitamin absorption in the small intestine? Select one: a. hydrochloric acid b. pancreatic amylase c. pepsin d. bile
d
A chemist would like to develop butter product that includes omega-3 fatty acids and a phytochemical which may reduce the risk of heart disease. The chemist is trying to develop a(n) Select one: a. Balanced diet b. Essential nutrient c. Supplement d. Weight loss aid e. Functional food
e
A researcher has isolated an organic, water-soluble chemical from roses. After performing tests, the scientist determines that the chemical supplies no energy for cells, but protects cell membranes from being damaged by certain environmental factors. Based on this information, the researcher may have discovered a (an) Select one: a. teratogen b. free radical c. amino acid d. carcinogen e. antioxidant
e
Dietitians recommend feeding babies Select one: a. a mixed diet of solid foods by the time an infant is 2 months of age. b. fresh fluid cow's milk by the time they are 6 months of age. c. a plant-based diet beginning at 2 months of age. d. fat-free milk when they are 10 to 12 months of age. e. only breast milk to babies until they are 6 months of age.
e
Which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin E? Select one: a. Apples b. Enriched white wheat flour c. Fat-free milk d. Ground beef e. Almonds
e
Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of phytochemicals? Select one: a. Tuna b. Hamburger c. Cheese d. Butter e. Grapes
e
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. ATP is broken down into lactic acid during aerobic exercise. b. Amino acids are a major source of energy for contracting muscles. c. Compared to a glucose molecule, a fatty acid molecule has more oxygen atoms in relation to carbon atoms. d. Glucose is the primary fuel for resting muscles. e. During high-intensity exercise, muscle cells burn more glucose than fat for energy.
e
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Inactivity causes muscle cells to become fat cells. b. An average woman has a higher metabolic rate than an average man. c. The aging process causes muscle cells to become fat cells. d. Fat cells require more energy to function than muscle cells. e. As people grow older, their metabolic rates decline.
e
Which of the following substances is a major factor that influences a person's metabolic rate? Select one: a. parathyroid hormone b. salivary amylase c. leptin d. ghrelin e. thyroid hormone
e
Which of the following substances is a nutrient that provides energy for humans? a. Caffeine b. Water c. Vitamin D d. Alcohol e. Fat
e
The amount of a vitamin or mineral that meets about 98% of the population's need for the nutrient is the _____ for that nutrient. Select one: a. RDA b. UL c. EAR d. %DV
a
The best way to reduce your risk of cancer is to Select one: a. eat a variety of fruits and vegetables daily. b. consume a high glycemic diet. c. take dietary supplements that contain vitamins C and E. d. eat red and processed meats at least 3 times per week.
a
The body uses selenium to make Select one: a. a group of proteins that have antioxidant function. b. glucose from cholesterol molecules that are stored in liver cells. c. hydrochloric acid in the stomach. d. polyunsaturated fatty acids.
a
Which of the following foods is a poor source of essential amino acids? Select one: a. peaches b. sesame seeds c. fat-free milk d. tofu
a
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Avocados and some types of fish can be grouped with oils. b. Most food guides include cream as a member of the dairy foods group. c. Because margarine is a substitute for butter, it is classified as a dairy food. d. Most food guides classify milk in the protein foods group.
a
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Most foods contain more than one nutrient b. Milk, bananas, and soybeans are among the few nutritionally perfect foods for humans c. Sugary baked goods are "junk" foods and should not be eaten d. Strawberries are an energy-dense food
a
Men's Journal and Family Circle may be unreliable sources of nutrition information, because Select one: a. the general public and public libraries subscribe to them. b. articles in such popular magazines generally do not undergo peer-review before they are published. c. registered dietitians are usually hired to write the articles about nutrition that are published in these journals. d. authors generally pay the editors of popular magazines to publish their nutrition articles.
b
Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of vitamin C on the human immune system. The study involves providing pills that contain vitamin C to one group of human subjects and pills that do not contain vitamin C or other active ingredients to another group of people. The pills that do not contain the vitamin are Select one: a. treatments b. placebos c. supplements d. antidotes
b
The largest and least dense lipoprotein is a Select one: a. HDL b. chylomicron c. VLDL d. LDL
b
Which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system? Select one: a. pancreas b. gallbladder c. liver d. colon
d
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for inspecting local restaurants and grocery stores to ensure they meet food safety standards. b. Freezing food kills the pathogenic bacteria it contains. c. An undercooked hamburger patty is the most likely source of giardia. d. A food's odor or appearance is not a reliable indicator of whether it is safe to eat. e. In the United States, people rarely suffer from food-borne illnesses.
d
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. The sense of taste contributes to the sense of smell. b. The lower gastroesophageal sphincter prevents chyme from entering the small intestine. c. A thick layer of muscle tissue protects the lining of the stomach. d. Some absorption of alcohol occurs in the stomach.
d
Vitamin C Select one: a. dissolves in the fatty portions of foods. b. is needed to properly form collagen. c. acts as a coenzyme in certain reactions that release energy from glucose. d. maintains rods and cones within the retina.
b
Wendy is a 17-year-old world class gymnast who suffers from female athlete triad. Based on this information, she has Select one: a. type 1 diabetes. b. abnormal menstrual cycles. c. metabolic syndrome. d. high bone density. e. Hyperparathyroidism
b
What is the major difference between soluble and insoluble forms of fiber? Select one: a. Soluble fiber is in animal foods, whereas insoluble fiber is in plant foods. b. Soluble fiber dissolves or swells in water, whereas insoluble fiber generally does not change in water. c. Soluble fiber can be digested by humans, whereas insoluble fiber cannot be digested. d. Soluble fiber provides no health benefits to humans, whereas insoluble fiber reduces the risk of heart disease.
b
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. It is safe to use honey to sweeten infant foods. b. Caregivers should not give popcorn, grapes, and cut-up raw vegetables to infants. c. Goat's milk mixed with gelatin water is a suitable substitute for breast milk. d. By 2 to 4 months of age, most infants can use their fingers to pick up and chew "finger foods."
b
Bethaney is 20 years of age and weighs 50 kg. Based on her body weight, her RDA for protein is _____ grams. Select one: a. 40 b. 45 c. 50 d. 35
a
Which of the following substances is a dietary essential? Select one: a. alpha-linolenic acid b. lecithin c. high-density lipoprotein d. cholesterol
a
Which of the following foods is likely to be a source of Salmonella? Select one: a. canned applesauce b. raw chicken c. oatmeal d. honey e. peanut butter
b
Which of the following is a vitamin that plays a direct role in energy metabolism? Select one: a. None of these b. Niacin c. All of these d. Choline e. Folate
b
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Scientists have peer reviewers analyze the designs of their human research studies, because the peer-review process reduces research bias. b. Scientists typically use different methods to conduct research, which explains why similar studies involving humans often have conflicting results. c. It is illegal for scientists to publish research findings that are biased in favor of the people or agencies who funded the research projects. d. Scientists developed dietary recommendations for the U.S. population after analyzing results of a single American study, the Framingham Heart Study.
b
Which of the following vitamins can be made by the human body? Select one: a. C b. D c. Biotin d. E e. B12
b
Fred is a lactovegetarian. Which of the following foods does he eat? Select one: a. fish b. chicken c. cheese d. eggs
c
The human body needs vitamin K to Select one: a. absorb phosphorus from foods. b. make DNA. c. produce blood clotting factors. d. release the energy stored in glucose.
c
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) begins the partial digestion of fats in the small intestine. b. A thin layer of chyme protects the lining of the digestive tract from being broken down by enzymes. c. Acid reflux often results when the gastroesophageal sphincter fails to close properly. d. The body needs more time to digest a high-carbohydrate meal than a high-fat meal.
c
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. The body excretes fat-soluble vitamins more easily than water-soluble vitamins. b. Vitamins supply about 2 kcal per gram. c. Vitamins are partly defined by their ability to prevent a specific deficiency disorder. d. Foods generally contain larger amounts of vitamins than proteins or carbohydrates. e. Most vitamins can be made by the human body.
c
Food guides classify _____ with oils. Select one: a. American cheese b. ice cream c. hard-boiled eggs d. mayonnaise
d
Which of the following substances is a nutrient that doesn't supply any energy for the human body? Select one: a. Carbohydrate b. Alcohol c. Fat d. Vitamin C e. Protein
d
Which of the following substances participates in the digestion of proteins? Select one: a. amylase b. lipase c. bile salts d. pepsin
d
Jared is a vegan (total vegetarian). He can increase his intestinal tract's ability to absorb iron in his diet by combining iron-rich plant foods with sources of Select one: a. vitamin A. b. copper. c. calcium. d. cadmium. e. vitamin C.
e
Metabolism is Select one: a. A way of living b. A person's typical pattern of food choices c. A form of energy d. The rate at which cells produce energy e. The total of all chemical reactions that occur in cells
e
Devon has a rare condition characterized by the lack of saliva-producing cells. Based on this information, Devon probably Select one: a. bruises easily. b. has difficulty swallowing. c. experiences constipation frequently. d. rms smaller than normal blood cells.
b
To help conserve the vitamin content of foods, Select one: a. add fat to vegetables during the cooking process. b. Steam or stir-fry until tender but not overcooked. c. store in warm conditions, and expose to sunlight and air. d. cook slowly in large amounts of water.
b
Which of the following groups of minerals are trace minerals? Select one: a. calcium, magnesium, and sodium b. iron, copper, and zinc c. calcium, phosphorus, and zinc d. sodium, copper, and potassium
b
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Proteins are the primary sources of energy for cells. b. Many hormones, including insulin, are proteins. c. Portions of protein molecules bind to excess nitrogen in blood. d. Your body uses proteins to hydrogenate glucose in cell membranes.
b
Jared has a high risk of cardiovascular disease because he has Select one: a. a family history of heartburn b. low C-reactive protein c. hypertension d. high HDL cholesterol
c
Which of the following substances is a lipid that is necessary for the proper development of an infant's nervous system? Select one: a. hydroxybutyric acid b. ATP c. DHA d. oleic acid
c
According to scientific evidence, which of the following actions can help reduce a person's risk of type 2 diabetes? Select one: a. losing excess body fat b. drinking two servings of alcohol daily c. reducing intake of dietary carbohydrates d. smoking less than two packs of cigarettes per week
a
Adipose cells function to Select one: a. store fat and alter body functions through adipokines. b. None of these answers are fully correct. c. store glucose and alter body functions through hypertrophy. d. store glucose and fat. e. only store fat.
a
By performing exercise regularly, people can reduce their risk of Select one: a. cardiovascular disease. b. type 1 diabetes. c. pernicious anemia. d. spina bifida. e. goiter.
a
Chyme is the Select one: a. semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach. b. organelle that maintains fluid balance within intestinal cells. c. large particle that transports lipids throughout the bloodstream. d. material absorbed by lacteals that the liver must detoxify and excrete.
a
Constance is making a vegetable soup that contains carrots, beans, water, salt, pepper, bits of ham, and onions. The soup has to cook for 4 hours. While the soup is cooking, what will happen to some of the minerals that are in its ingredients? Select one: a. The minerals will leach out of the food and into the cooking water, retaining their bioavailability and becoming part of the soup in the process. b. The relatively high temperature that is needed to cook the soup will destroy the iron, phosphorus, and sulfur in the vegetables. c. Cooking the soup's ingredients for this extensive amount of time will enable the minerals to become antioxidants. d. The minerals will leach out of the ham and vegetables and lose their natural bioavailability.
a
Conventional farming has a high risk for creating environmental problems. Some potential solutions to help solve such problems include Select one: a. relying more on growing pest-resistant crops and using other integrated pest management techniques. b. increasing the production of grain-fed beef and dairy foods. c. eliminating all chemical means of pest management, because such methods harm the environment and human health. d. eliminating novel methods of increased food production which rely on biotechnological advances in agriculture.
a
Derek consumes a protein-rich drink before and after his workouts. He told his workout partner that he became 200% stronger within a couple of months after he added the drink to his diet. His report about the positive effects of the special drink is an example of a(an) Select one: a. anecdote b. peer review c. testimonial d. scientific conclusion
a
Diet refers to a person's Select one: a. usual pattern of food choices. b. current nutrient intake. c. current nutrient intake. d. weight loss efforts.
a
Mike likes to drink a commercially prepared chocolate milk. According to the label, the flavored milk contains 2% milk, water, high-fructose corn syrup, evaporated cane juice, saccharin, and natural vanilla flavoring. The sources of carbohydrate in this beverage are Select one: a. evaporated cane juice, 2% milk, and high-fructose corn syrup. b. high-fructose corn syrup, evaporated cane juice, and saccharin. c. 2% milk, saccharin, and natural vanilla flavoring. d. high-fructose corn syrup, water, and evaporated cane juice.
a
Most lipid digestion occurs in the Select one: a. small intestine b. large intestine c. pancreas d. stomach
a
Overweight and obese people have a greater risk of _____ than people who aren't overfat. Select one: a. type 2 diabetes b. rickets c. skin cancer d. pernicious anemia e. low blood pressure
a
Performing weight-bearing exercise can Select one: a. strengthen bones. b. reduce the body's need for iron. c. increase intestinal absorption of zinc. d. delay the development of goiter.
a
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. The RDA for vitamin E meets the needs of nearly all healthy persons. b. If you do not consume 100% of the RDA for vitamin C every day, you have a high risk of developing the vitamin's deficiency disease. c. Dietitians use Daily Values to determine the nutritional adequacy of Americans' diets. d. Dietitians use MyPyramid as the standard for assessing a population's nutrient adequacy.
a
Which of the following substances emulsifies lipids during digestion? Select one: a. bile salts b. salivary amylase c. pancreatic lipase d. soluble fiber
a
_____ is an essential amino acid. Select one: a. Leucine b. Aspartic acid c. Serine d. Polypeptide
a
Dennis wants to gain weight, primarily as lean tissue. In addition to performing resistance exercise regularly, he should Select one: a. avoid aerobic activities on the days he doesn't lift weights and eat about 50% of total calories from saturated fat. b. add nutrient-dense, healthy sources of energy to his diet, including fatty fish, whole-grain cereals, nuts, peanut butter, and olive oil. c. increase his protein intake to 60% of total energy intake, eat more complex carbohydrates, and take a multivitamin/multimineral supplement. d. supplement his diet with essential amino acids and limit his total fat intake to no more than 10% of total kilocalories.
b
Kayla was a participant in a clinical study to determine how much vitamin C cures scurvy, the vitamin's deficiency disease. During the study, Kayla consumed only a formula diet that was nutritionally complete, except it did not contain vitamin C. Within a few weeks, Kayla developed scurvy. At that point, researchers gave 2 mg vitamin C to Kayla each day for a week, but her signs and symptoms of scurvy remained. In the weeks that followed, the scientists continued to increase Kayla's intake of the vitamin by 2 mg/week. After a week of taking 10 mg of vitamin C/day, Kayla reported feeling much better. Based on this information, the researchers concluded that Kayla's Select one: a. AI for vitamin C was 100 mg, which was 10 times the amount that cured her case of scurvy. b. requirement for vitamin C was 10 mg. c. RDA for vitamin C was 10 mg, plus 15 mg as a margin of safety. d. EER for vitamin C was about 10 mg
b
Last night, Sara ate French fries, fried fish, and creamy cole slaw. For dessert, she had a chocolate milk shake. About an hour after eating this food, she suddenly complained of severe abdominal pain. Based on this information, Sara probably has Select one: a. constipation b. gallstones c. aneurysms d. colitis
b
The body can store large amounts of Select one: a. Thiamin b. Vitamin B12 c. Vitamin B6 d. Riboflavin e. Vitamin C
b
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Having high HDL cholesterol is associated with increased risk of heart disease. b. LDL transports cholesterol from the liver to other tissues. c. A diet that is high in saturated fat helps reduce high blood cholesterol levels. d. Foods that contain cholesterol should be avoided because the substance is toxic to human cells.
b
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. If you do not consume 100% of the Daily Values for nutrients, you have a high risk of developing nutritional deficiency disorders. b. Daily Values are dietary standards developed for food labeling purposes. c. Daily Values are nutrient recommendations that are based on the EERs for adults. d. Daily Values have been established for each nutrient.
b
The _____ is a numerical value that's based on the relationship between weight and risk of chronic health problems associated with excess body fat. Select one: a. skinfold thickness b. waist/hip ratio c. body mass index d. basal metabolic rate
c
The lining of the small intestine is covered with _____, tiny, finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food. Select one: a. lacteals b. haustra c. villi d. rugae
c
The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are Select one: a. fructose, lactose, and levulose. b. maltose, lactose, and galactose. c. galactose, glucose, and fructose. d. glucose, galactose, and sucrose.
c
Which of the following federally subsidized food programs is designed to improve the nutritional status specifically of low-income pregnant and breastfeeding women and their preschool children in the United States? Select one: a. Commodity Supplemental Food Program b. UNICEF c. WIC d. Meals on Wheels
c
Which of the following foods contributes large amounts of trans fat in American diets? Select one: a. liquid corn oil b. salad dressings c. commercial baked goods d. chocolate and candies
c
Which of the following foods is the most nutrient dense per serving? Select one: a. Margarine b. Tortilla chips c. Raw tomatoes d. Oatmeal cookie Feedback
c
According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2015, _____ are unhealthy and should be consumed in limited amounts. Select one: a. potassium-rich foods b. dietary supplements c. grilled meats d. trans-fats
d
Consuela is an overweight young woman who wants to lose 10 pounds in 10 weeks. The most reliable and safe way for her to lose this weight is to Select one: a. increase her protein-rich food intake. b. increase her daily vitamin D intake. c. decrease her physical activity. d. decrease her usual energy intake by 500 kcal/day. e. begin taking a supplement to blunt her appetite and increase her basal metabolic rate.
d
Erika is a vegan. She is at risk for a serious nutritional deficiency of _____ in her diet. Select one: a. essential fatty acids b. magnesium c. folate d. vitamin B12
d
In 2009 to 2010, about _____ % of Americans who were 20 years of age and older were obese. Select one: a. 16 b. 24 c. 48 d. 36
d
Marcia's BMI is 24.2. Based on this information, her weight is in the _____ range. Select one: a. overweight b. morbid obese c. underweight d. healthy e. obese
d
Melanie is a healthy 8-month-old baby who loves to eat carrots, peaches, apricots, and green beans. Recently, her skin turned yellow. Based on this information, Melanie has developed Select one: a. pernicious anemia b. rickets c. osteomalacia d. carotenemia e. kidney failure
d
Pregnant women generally need to take a supplement that contains Select one: a. protein and folic acid b. iron and protein c. iron and oxytocin d. iron and folic acid e. protein and intrinsic factor
d
Ted is 10 years of age and is allergic to peanuts. If he accidentally eats peanuts he will likely quickly develop Select one: a. ulcers b. colitis c. bruises d. hives
d
When Thompson was 5 years of age, he began to complain that his stomach hurt, especially after eating meals and snacks. He also experienced weight loss and chronic diarrhea. His parents noticed that he could eat dairy foods, fruits, and vegetables without developing any intestinal problems, but he would get a "tummy ache" soon after eating sandwiches, crackers, or pancakes. Based on this information, Thompson's parents should have him tested for Select one: a. sulfite sensitivity b. colon cancer c. lactose intolerance d. celiac disease
d
When following recipes, Candice wants to use fats that are not solid fats. Which of the following fats should she use? Select one: a. unsalted butter b. shortening c. lard d. safflower oil
d
Which of the following foods has the greatest bioavailable (absorbable) calcium? Select one: a. Spinach b. Ground beef c. Cottage cheese d. Fat-free yogurt e. Red delicious apples
d
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. The FDA does not permit dietary supplement manufacturers to display structure/function claims on package labels. b. The FDA must review every health-related claim before a dietary supplement manufacturer can display the claim on a label. c. The FDA has established Daily Values for nonnutrient dietary supplements. d. The FDA does not permit dietary supplement manufacturers to market their products as cures for diseases.
d
_____ is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living cells. Select one: a. Chyme b. Homeostasis c. Digestion d. Metabolism
d
Emma consumes dairy products, but she does not eat meat, fish, eggs or poultry. She eats some vegetables and fruits, but she avoids beans, breads and cereal products. Based on this information, her diet lacks adequate Select one: a. calcium. b. potassium. c. sodium. d. magnesium. e. iron.
e
While in class, Barry can't seem to sit still. He constantly taps his feet on the floor and frequently shifts his position. The energy Barry uses for these movements is classified as Select one: a. resting metabolism. b. basal metabolism. c. thermic effect of food. d. hydrothermic exercise calorimetrics. e. NEAT.
e
___ helps the body maintain normal fluid balance. Select one: a. Iron b. Fluoride c. Mercury d. Copper e. Potassium
e
Which of the following menu items is referred to as an "empty-calorie" food? Select one: a. Sugar-sweetened soft drinks b. Fat-free dairy products c. 100% fruit juices d. Whole-grain breads
a
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Approximately 30% of adult Americans have hypertension. b. The risk of developing hypertension decreases as a person grows older. c. "Deli" meats, such as bologna and ham, are rich sources of potassium and poor sources of sodium. d. A blood pressure reading of 165/90 mm Hg is within the normal range.
a
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Promoters of nutrition misinformation often exploit the general public's mistrust of scientists. b. Testimonials for weight loss supplements are usually based on scientific evidence. c. In general, government (.gov) Internet web sites are not reliable sources of scientifically-based nutrition information. d. The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees the right of consumers to be protected from health misinformation.
a
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. The First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution often protects people who spread nutrition misinformation. b. You can ask your personal physician for nutrition advice, because physicians have the same training as registered dietitians. c. Registered dietitians are not required to maintain their certification through continuing education. d. In the United States, only registered dietitians are legally allowed to provide nutrition information.
a
Humans need vitamin B-6 for Select one: a. vitamin C recycling. b. amino acid metaboilsm c. activation of vitamin D. d. magnesium absorption. e. blood clotting.
b
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. An egg is a rich source of carbohydrate. b. Sweetened soft drinks are a good source of lactose. c. Honey is a rich source of fructose. d. Beans are a good source of galactose.
c
_____ is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. Select one: a. Thyroxin b. Myoglobin c. Hemoglobin d. Phytic acid e. Parathyroid hormone
c
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. U.S. laws require promoters of nutrition-related products to publish information in magazine articles and books that's honest or not misleading. b. Web sites with .edu in their addresses are likely to provide reliable nutrition information. c. The Internet is generally a reliable source of nutrition information, because information posted at web sites has been peer-reviewed. d. Individuals with medical (MD) and research (PhD) degrees are the most reliable sources of nutrition information. e. In general, personal web sites, such as blogs, are reliable sources of nutrition information.
b
_____ are fat-soluble vitamins. Select one: a. Vitamins A, C, and D b. Pantothenic acid, vitamin A, and choline c. Niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin d. Vitamins B-12, B-6, and E e. Vitamins K, E, and D
e
_____ is the primary source of direct energy for cells. Select one: a. Protein b. All macronutrients c. Glucose d. Fat e. ATP
e
Scientists are uncertain whether ____ is an essential mineral for humans. Select one: a. silicon b. zinc c. iodide d. magnesium e. selenium
a
A group of scientists designed a clinical study to investigate the effects of cholesterol deficiency in humans. For the duration of the 8-week study, the adult subjects must live in a special research unit of a hospital. The only food the subjects can consume is a synthetic formula that contains all known nutrients, except cholesterol. Based on this information, you would expect Select one: a. none of the subjects to show signs and symptoms of a cholesterol deficiency during the entire study. b. about 10% of the subjects to show signs and symptoms of a cholesterol deficiency within the first week of participating in the study. c. 100% of the subjects to show signs and symptoms of cholesterol deficiency within the first 3 weeks of participating in the study. d. about 50% of the subjects to show signs and symptoms of a cholesterol deficiency within the first week of the study.
a
A medical researcher asked 50 people with painful, arthritic knees to rub a cream that contained vitamin E on their knees for two weeks. At the end of the two weeks, she asked the subjects whether their knee pain improved, stayed about the same, or worsened during the treatment period. All 50 subjects reported improvement in their knee pain. Based on this information, which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. The results about the benefits of using a vitamin E cream for knee pain are questionable, because the researcher didn't have a control group. b. The results of this study prove that rubbing a cream that contains vitamin E on arthritic knees is a good way to relieve knee pain. c. The researcher should find a peer-review group to analyze her findings about the vitamin E-containing cream as a treatment for knee pain. d. The researcher shouldn't report her findings, until she uses a single-blind study to test the vitamin E-containing cream.
a
Alicia has PKU. She would like to sweeten her iced tea with a substance that provides 0 kcal/g. Based on this information, which of the following sweeteners supplies 0 kcal/g and is safe for her to use? Select one: a. sucralose b. aspartame c. xylitol d. sucrose
a
An Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is the Select one: a. amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of 50% of healthy people in a particular population. b. range of intake for a particular nutrient that is not likely to cause toxicity or deficiency. c. minimum amount of a nutrient that prevents the nutrient's deficiency disease in 98% of the population. d. optimal amount of a nutrient that 100% of the population can safely consume daily.
a
Becky's 2-year old son can't walk because he was born with spina bifida. To reduce the chances that her next baby is born with a neural tube defect, Becky should Select one: a. consume green leafy vegetables and take a folic acid supplement before getting pregnant. b. take iron, zinc, and magnesium supplements during the first month of pregnancy, then eat more whole-grain breads and cereals for the remaining months of pregnancy. c. take pantothenic acid, B-6, and B-12 supplements before getting pregnant. d. eat at least 3 ounces of fatty fish three times a week, take vitamin A and D supplements and drink more fat-free milk during the first three months of pregnancy.
a
Caregivers should not feed _____ to infants. Select one: a. honey b. soy-based formulas c. rice cereal d. applesauce e. formulas containing lactose or DHA
a
During the first few days after giving birth, the new mother's breasts produce Select one: a. colostrum b. prolactin c. pica d. oxytocin
a
During the past two months, Theresa has had intestinal pain after eating and diarrhea, and she's noticed blood in her feces. Additionally, she's lost about 10 pounds. Based on this information, Theresa should be tested for Select one: a. ulcerative colitis. b. gallstones. c. irritable bowel syndrome. d. gastroesophageal reflux disease.
a
Every amino acid has _____ in its chemical structure. Select one: a. nitrogen b. iron c. potassium d. glucose
a
Jameela is an Iranian woman living in poverty. She is not seen in public places without being covered almost completely in heavy veils. Her usual diet is comprised of legumes, small amounts of yogurt, whole-grain breads and rice, fruits, and a few vegetables. Based on this information, Jameela is most at risk of Select one: a. osteomalacia b. beriberi c. kwashiorkor d. scurvy e. pellagra
a
Lisa is a healthy young woman whose energy requirement is 2250 kcal/day. Based on this information, what would be her daily energy requirement during her first trimester of pregnancy? Select one: a. 2250 kcal b. 3050 kcal c. 1800 kcal d. 2600 kcal
a
Maggie was a subject in a clinical study that was designed to determine the effects of certain diets on health. While participating in the study, she was given a synthetic formula diet that provided vitamins, minerals, choline, egg protein, purified water, and potato starch. Within a few weeks, Maggie's hair began to fall out and she developed patches of scaly skin on her arms and legs. When _____ were added to her formula, the signs of the nutritional deficiency disappeared. Select one: a. essential fatty acids b. simple sugars c. bile salts d. cholesterol and lecithin
a
Mariele purchased a box of cereal that had the following claim on the label: "Eat one bowl of this cereal a day for a month, and your skin with be healthier." Mariele is skeptical about the honesty of the claim. She should report her concern about the claim to the Select one: a. Food and Drug Administration. b. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. c. Better Business Bureau. d. Federal Trade Commission.
a
Mariele purchased a box of cereal that had the following claim on the label: "Eat one bowl of this cereal a day for a month, and your skin with be healthier." Mariele is skeptical about the honesty of the claim. She should report her concern about the claim to the Select one: a. Better Business Bureau. b. Food and Drug Administration. c. Federal Trade Commission. d. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
b
Since she was a 2-year-old "toddler," Gina has been drinking well water that contains a very high amount of fluoride. Based on this information, you would expect Gina to have Select one: a. goiter b. mottled teeth c. iron-deficiency anemia d. hair loss e. type 1 diabetes
b
Tim's body is shaped like a pear, because his excess body fat is distributed mostly below his waist. His body fat distribution is associated with Select one: a. increased risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease. b. fewer serious chronic health problems than if the excess fat were in the upper part of his body. c. more nutrient deficiency diseases than if the excess fat were in the upper part of his body. d. increased risk of osteoporosis, cystic fibrosis, and autoimmune diseases. e. None of these are correct because only females store fat in the pear-shaped pattern.
b
Which of the following conditions or behaviors is a characteristic sign of a person with anorexia nervosa? Select one: a. consuming excessive doses of dietary supplements daily b. maintaining a body weight that's 15% or more below the normal weight for his or her height c. purging excessive caloric intake by inducing vomiting for over-exercising d. having a metabolic rate that's 10 to 25% above normal e. overeating in social situations
b
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. All forms of lipoproteins are considered unhealthy because they increase the risk of diabetes. b. Cigarette smoking increases the production of oxidized LDL cholesterol. c. Your intestinal cells convert bile into chylomicrons. d. VLDLs transport most cholesterol in blood to the liver for disposal.
b
A nutrient requirement is Select one: a. an amount of a nutrient that ensures optimal nutritional status. b. a biological need for a nutrient that has a margin of safety amount factored into the value. c. the smallest amount of a nutrient that maintains a particular level of nutritional health. d. the recommended daily intake of a nutrient.
c
A serving of food contains 25 g carbohydrate, 10 g protein, and 1 g fat, 5 mg iron, and 20 mg vitamin C. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies a. 212 kcal b. 456 kcal c. 149 kcal d. 335 kcal
c
According to Cleo's physician, her blood cholesterol level is too high. Which of the following foods can Cleo add to her diet to help lower her cholesterol? Select one: a. white rice b. honey c. cooked oatmeal d. fat-free milk
c
Anna has type 1 diabetes and gives herself insulin injections to help manage her blood glucose level. One afternoon, Anna tested her blood and discovered that her blood glucose level was 88 mg/dl. Based on this information, Anna should Select one: a. give herself an extra injection of insulin. b. consume candy or fruit juice to increase her blood glucose level. c. do nothing to intervene, because her blood glucose level is normal. d. do not eat anything for the next 5 hours, which provides time for her blood glucose level to drop to normal naturally.
c
Bernice is 91 years of age. Her _____ is likely to have a negative influence her nutritional status. Select one: a. frequent socialization with friends and family b. daily exercise regimen c. annual income d. ethnic background
c
Duncan's diet contains high amounts of protein and fat, but it is very low in carbohydrate. As a result of following this diet, Duncan's body forms more than normal amounts of Select one: a. beta cells b. muscle fibers c. ketone bodies d. glycogen stores
c
For the past 4 years, 23-year-old Maggie has been losing a lot of blood during her menstrual periods. Based on this information, which of the following conditions is she most likely to develop? Select one: a. osteoporosis b. cretinism c. iron deficiency d. goiter e. heavy metal toxicity
c
Impoverished children who live in developing countries have a high risk of dying from Select one: a. consuming too much added fat and sugar. b. being born with diverticulosis. c. drinking polluted water. d. consuming too much fat and sugar. e. developing type 1 diabetes.
c
Julio wants to cook chicken, make a salad, and bake a pie made with eggs and milk for his roommates. Julio and his dinner guests are likely to experience food-borne illness if he Select one: a. marinates the cut-up pieces of raw chicken in the refrigerator and then throws out the marinade. b. keeps the pie chilled before serving it. c. wipes the knife used to cut up the raw chicken on a hand towel before using the knife to cut up the salad vegetables. d. thaws the frozen raw chicken in a covered tray on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator.
c
Lecithin is a type of Select one: a. triglyceride b. fatty acid c. phospholipid d. sterol
c
Marla is a healthy 30-year-old woman. She doesn't work out, but she consumes protein supplements because she thinks they will increase her muscle mass without the need to exercise. Based on this information, the excess amino acids in her diet will be mostly Select one: a. added to her muscle tissue. b. excreted undigested in her stools and urine. c. converted into carbon skeletons and ammonia. d. preferentially metabolized for energy over carbohydrates.
c
Paisley usually has four bowel movements each week. Based on this information, Paisley should Select one: a. avoid eating peppermint and dark chocolate because these foods can worsen constipation. b. increase her intake of high-fiber foods and fiber wafers to relieve her chronic constipation. c. not worry, because she is not constipated. d. take a gentle laxative so she has at least one bowel movement daily.
c
Parathyroid hormone Select one: a. signals bone cells to take up calcium from the bloodstream. b. increases the body's rate of potassium excretion. c. enhances the body's ability to absorb and retain calcium. d. enables glucose to enter cells.
c
Which of the following foods is the richest source of cholesterol? Select one: a. Wheat germ b. Coconut oil c. Chicken breast d. Palm oil
c
Which of the following menu items has ingredients that represent four different MyPlate food groups? Select one: a. Smoothie made with vanilla yogurt, fat-free milk, orange juice, wheat germ, and fresh peaches b. Ready-to-eat cereal with strawberries, blueberries, and fat-free milk c. Toasted cheese sandwich made with American cheese, Swiss cheese, and two slices of buttered whole-wheat bread d. Casserole made with canned tuna, green onions, noodles, and cheddar cheese
d
Which of the following microbes is associated with an increased risk of developing peptic ulcers? Select one: a. E. coli b. C. botulinum c. S. aureus d. H. pylori
d
Which of the following minerals is necessary for proper muscle contraction? Select one: a. selenium b. aluminum c. cesium d. calcium e. cadmium
d
Which of the following statements is false? Select one: a. Calcium is needed for muscle contraction and blood clot formation. b. Efforts to reduce the risk of osteoporosis should begin early in life. c. Bones store calcium and can release the mineral when it is needed. d. Women generally have the highest risk of osteoporosis before menopause.
d
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. A person who has phenylketonuria (PKU) should avoid products that contain saccharin. b. Sucralose provides 4 kcal/gram. c. Most "artificial" sweeteners have been banned by the FDA because of safety concerns. d. Infants should not be fed honey because it may contain botulism spores.
d
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Insoluble fiber swells in water, which attracts cholesterol molecules to the fiber. b. The human body stores soluble fiber in muscle tissue. c. The human intestinal tract breaks down dietary fiber into glucose molecules. d. A diet that contains whole-grain foods may help relieve constipation.
d
Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Lean people have a higher risk of gallstones than obese people. b. The colon is the major site of nutrient absorption in the human digestive system. c. The esophagus is the muscular valve that connects the stomach to the small intestine. d. The pyloric sphincter controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine.
d