Nutrition Final
The introduction of iodized salt in the 1920s dramatically reduced rates of ________ in the United States. A) goiter B)hypogonadism C)anemia D) pellagra
A
What is the healthy range for BMI?
18-25
In underdeveloped countries, severe vitamin A deficiency is a major cause of A) blindness. B)diabetes mellitus. C)megaloblastic anemia. D) beriberi.
A
Issac is an 8-year-old child who has African ancestry. He lives in Chicago and does not spend much time outdoors. He does not like to consume dairy foods because he has lactose intolerance. His diet consists primarily of enriched white bread, peanut butter, chicken, pork, apples, bananas, and green vegetables. Based on this information, Issac has a high risk of A) rickets. B)pellagra. C)scurvy. D) beriberi.
A
Max wants to restrict the added sugar intake of his 5-year-old son. He should A) serve more foods that are sources of refined carbohydrates. B) replace his son's favorite fruit juices with fruit ades or drinks. C) give the child low-fat milk with meals and snacks instead of regular soft drinks. D) encourage the child to consume more energy drinks
C
The ________ play a major role in regulating the body's fluid balance. A) parathyroid glands B)ovaries C)kidneys D) salivary glands
C
Which of the following nutrients do not provide energy? a. Lipids b. Proteins c. Vitamins d. Carbohydrates e. All of the above provide energy
C
Which of the following nutrients is a major mineral? A) Iodine B)Iron C)Zinc D) Potassium
C
24) The primary function of an adipose cell is A) making insulin. B) transporting cholesterol within tissues. C) metabolizing glycogen. D) storing fat.
D
Vitamin D helps the body absorb A) sodium and potassium. B)magnesium and iodine. C)iron and copper. D) phosphorus and calcium.
D
While at a party, Jenna drank 24 ounces of beer and 10 ounces of wine. Based on this information, her alcohol consumption was equivalent to ________ standard alcoholic drinks. A) 8 B) 2 C) 6 D) 4
D
At the end of the semester, you spend an entire day studying for exams. If you consume 1,500 kcal and burn 1,500 kcal that day, your energy balance status is...
In equilibrium
Name three ways to thaw frozen meat.
In the refrigerator, under cold running water, in the microwave
Supplementing high levels of these types of vitamins may reduce or eliminate the benefits of physical activity.
antioxidant vitamins
21) Marissa is concerned about her risk of type 2 diabetes. To reduce her risk of this disease, Marissa should A) use foods that are artificially sweetened. B) take iron supplements daily. C) reduce her intake of sodium. D) avoid gaining excess weight.
D
Christine loves to eat canned salmon and sardines. These fish are good sources of A) magnesium. B)folate. C)vitamin C. D) calcium.
D
During digestion, which of the following substances denatures the proteins in food? A) Mucus B) Intrinsic factor C) Amylase D) Stomach acid
D
Excessive vitamin D intakes can result in A) megaloblastic anemia. B)increased blood clot formation. C)No particular health problems, because the vitamin is rapidly excreted in urine. D) deposition of calcium in soft tissues.
D
Jared is a vegan (total vegetarian). He can increase his intestinal tract's ability to absorb iron in his diet by combining iron-rich plant foods with sources of A) calcium. B)vitamin A. C)copper. D) vitamin C.
D
Luis is 23 years of age and weighs 220 pounds. Based on his body weight, his RDA for protein is ________ grams. A) 100 B)120 C)140 D) 80
D
Determine whether the scenario contributes to decreased basal metabolism or increased basal metabolism: Having more fat vs. more lean body mass
Decreased
Determine whether the following behavior modification is recommended by registered dietitians for weight loss or not: When you eat pasta, opt for red sauce instead of white sauce for fewer calories and less fat
Recommended
Name 3 energy-dense, nutrient-dense, and/or source of healthy fats
Sandwich made with peanut butter topped with banana slices, smoothie made with low-fat yogurt, wheat germ, and orange juice, snacks of avocado slices and cashews
Determine which component of energy expenditure the senario represents: Charlene's body uses 100 kcal to digest absorb,and process the kcal from her day's food intake.
Thermic effect of food
What is the temperature danger zone?
40-140 degrees
Chronic alcohol abuse increases the risk of A) colon cancer. B) cystic fibrosis. C) low blood pressure. D) vitamin toxicity syndromes.
A
The stomach helps digest a. carbohydrate b. protein c. fat d. all of the above e. none of the above.
B
Which of the following is not a nutrient? a. fat b. phytochemical c. protein d. carbohydrate e. vitamin C
B
Which of the following statements about protein groups is true? a. This group only includes animal products. b. Dry beans, peas, nuts, eggs, and seeds are protein-rich foods that can be substituted for meat. c. All animal products are included in this group. d. One serving of meat is equal to 5 oz.
B
Put the types of energy expenditure in order of the greatest contribution (1) to the least contribution (4) for most people. Thermic Effect of Food Basal Metabolism Physical Activity NEAT
1. Basal Metabolism 2. Physical Activity 3. Thermic Effect of Food 4. NEAT
Put the activities in order from greatest percentage of energy utilized by fat (1) to least percentage of energy utilized by fat (4). Playing professional basketball game, bench press weight lifting, two hour 12-mile run, 50-yard dash (sprint)
1. Bench press weight lifting 2. Two-hour, 12-mile run 3. Playing professional basketball game 4. 50-yard dash (sprint)
The deamination process forms A) ammonia. B)glycogen. C)trans fat. D) urine.
A
When Benson had his blood pressure tested, it was normal. Based on this information, what was his blood pressure? A) 118/69 mm Hg B)80/120 mm Hg C)145/60 mm Hg D) 70/120 mm Hg
A
Which of the following diets does not provide enough high-quality proteins to support a child's growth? A) Fruitarian B) Lactoovovegetarian C) Ovovegetarian D) Semivegetarian
A
Which of the following is approximately equal to a 1 cup serving? a. A baseball b. A golf ball c. A tennis ball d. A softball
A
What is a symptom of Campylobacter Jejuni?
Abdominal cramps, diarrhea (can be bloody), fever, and vomiting
________ are water-soluble vitamins. A) Vitamins B-12, B-6, and E B)Niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin C)Pantothenic acid, vitamin A, and choline D) Vitamins K, D, and E
B
26) Most lipids have ________ in their chemical structures. A) glucose polymers B) nitrogen and sulfur C) amino acids D) fatty acids
D
Dehydration can cause A) cirrhosis. B)hypoglycemia. C)diabetes. D) death.
D
US government agency that enforces federal food safety laws
FDA
How are spices preserved?
Irradating
It is possible that humans who inherit a _______ gain weight easier than people who do not have this characteristic.
thrifty metabolism
How many calories are in protein?
4
How is shelf-stable juice preserved?
Aseptic processing
Which of the following substances is a diuretic? A) Calcium B)Alcohol C)Salt D) Iron
B
The classic signs and symptoms of pellagra include A) night blindness. B)weak bones. C)dermatitis. D) heartburn.
C
Disordered eating or eating disorder: Abbi is a healthy college student. She occasionally fasts to 'clean out her guts'
Disordered Eating
Label the case study with the type of disordered eating practice or eating disorder: Larissa is an elite gymnast who recently transferred to a very competitive gym. The girls on her new team commented that she is heavier than they are. Her teammates' nagging has led Larissa to severely restrict her food intake and lose so much weight that she has stopped menstruating. Las week at practice, she fractured her ankle after falling off the balance beam.
Female athlete triad
How is yogurt preserved?
Fermenting
What type of cholesterol is good cholesterol?
HDL
What are symptoms of Trichinella?
Nausea, muscle pain, fatigue, facial swelling
How is meat preserved?
Salting
Name 3 energy-dense and source of empty calories and/or solid fats
Sugar-sweetened soft drink, beer, cheese pizza topped with sausage
ATP can be produced as a byproduct of the metabolism of glucose and several other substances. Which substances are possible sources of ATP?
Triglycerides, Amino Acids, Alcohol
Legal supplement that may improve physical performance for activities that require short bursts of energy.
creatine
In some instances, pathogens do not directly cause illness, but they produce_______ that contaminate food. People eat the food, they develop ____________, which is commonly referred to as _________.
toxins, food intoxication, food poisoning
What are organic micronutrients?
vitamins
Put the steps of glucose utilization in the lactic acid energy system in order as they occur in the body. -When oxygen is not present, muscle cells metabolize glucose to pyruvate. -Liver releases glucose into bloodstream or uses it to make glycogen. -Lactic acid accumulates in muscles and converts to lactate, which enters the bloodstream. -Pyruvate is converted to lactic acid, which produces a small amount of ATP. -Liver can convert lactate to glucose.
1. When oxygen is not present, muscle cells metabolize glucose to pyruvate 2. Pyruvate is converted to lactic acid, which produces a small amount of ATP 3. Lactic acid accumulates in muscles and converts to lactate, which enters the bloodstream 4. Liver can convert lactate to glucose 5. Liver releases glucose into bloodstream or uses it to make glycogen
How many minutes of moderate activity are recommended per week?
150
How many kilocalories are in a portion of food that contains 4 grams of protein, 10 grams fat, 25 grams carbs, 130 mg vitamin C, and 120 ml of water?
206
How many calories are in fat?
9
20) Macey would like to sweeten her tea with a nonnutritive sweetener that provides no calories per teaspoon. Which of the following sweeteners would she use? A) Sucralose B) Mannitol C) Table sugar D) Granulated cane juice
A
Foster consumes about 350 g of protein daily, mostly in the form of meat and amino acid supplements. He does not use vitamin/mineral supplements, and he eats very few fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and grains. Based on this information, Foster's diet lacks A) iron. B)calcium. C)potassium. D) zinc.
B
Bill has reactive hypoglycemia. What steps can he take to reduce the likelihood that he has bouts of the disorder? A) Eat one large meal per day, in the morning, if possible. B) Give himself insulin injections after meals C) Reduce his intake of refined sugars D) Take a dietary supplement that provides a variety of B vitamins
C
Which of the following vitamins have antioxidant activity? A) K B)D C)E D) B-6
C
Which of the following would not be a sign of reliability? a. The study was published in a peer-reviewed journal b. The statement was approved by a registered dietician c. The information uses primarily anecdotes as evidence of effectiveness d. The information was based on a systematic literature review The information was found on eatright.org
C
Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins? A) The body has higher requirements for fat-soluble vitamins. B)In general, water-soluble vitamins are more likely to be stored in the body than fat-soluble vitamins. C)The body has higher requirements for water-soluble vitamins. D) In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins.
C
Your best friend eats plenty of meats and dairy products but avoids eating fruits and vegetables. She bruises easily, her sores take a long time to heal, and her gums bleed when she brushes her teeth. Based on this information, which of the following vitamins is most likely to be deficient in her diet? A) Vitamin B-6 B)Vitamin B-12 C)Vitamin C D) Pantothenic acid
C
________ is the process that changes the normal shape of a protein and, as a result, the molecule loses its usual function. A) Protonation B)Filtration C)Denaturation D) Hydrogenation
C
What is the legal supplement found in coffee that may improve performance in endurance activities?
Caffeine
For endurance athletes in training, the majority of calories should come from this macronutrient
Carbohydrates
The most important macronutrient to consume during exercise that surpasses one hour
Carbohydrates
Which of the following minerals is necessary for proper muscle contraction? A) Selenium B)Cesium C)Aluminum D) Calcium
D
What is a symptom of Giardia?
Diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss
Which of the following is true? a. Many foods should never be consumed, not even in moderation b. You can not consume too much of an essential nutrient. c. Malnutrition refers to individuals who do not consume enough nutrients d. Many vitamins are effective at reducing disease when taken at megadose levels. e. Dietary recommendations undergo revision as new scientific evidence is evaluated by nutrition experts.
E
True or False: According to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, protein intake for athletes should be at least 4 g/kg/day
False
During spring break, you go on an all-day hike. If you consume 2,200 kcal and burn 2,700 kcal that day, your energy balance is...
Negative energy balance
Determine which component of energy expenditure the senario represents: Linda's nervous fidgeting bums 125 kcal a day.
No exercise activity; thermogenesis
In July, you spend several hours walking around the county fair, sampling the food at the fair. If you consume 2,400 kcal at the fair and burn 1,800 kcal that day, your energy balance status is...
Positive energy balance
What are the aspects of Aerobic glucose breakdown?
Produces carbon dioxide and water, supplies more ATP than anaerobic, plenty of oxygen is available in the muscle
Contribution of this macronutrient to fueling muscles is generally small
Protein
True or False: Excess protein may be stored as fat
True
True or False: The National Academy of Sciences maintains that no additional dietary protein is suggested for healthy adults undertaking resistance or endurance exercise
True
True or False: The amino acids from dietary protein included in a small meal or snack after strenuous exercise can help muscle cells repair damaged muscle tissue by synthesizing new proteins.
True
Measuring this is a simple way of telling whether body fat has a healthy distribution
Waist circumference
Weight gain occurs when
caloric intake consistently exceeds energy expenditure.
The higher the exercise intensity, the greater the reliance on energy from this macronutrient class.
carbohydrates
What does anaerobic metabolism rely on for fuel?
carbs
Determine whether the scenario contributes to decreased basal metabolism or increased basal metabolism: Being female vs. male
decreased
What is a symptom of norovirus?
explosive vomiting and watery, non-bloody diarrhea
A ________ infection results when pathogens are consumed along with food. The pathogens may cause inflammation of the________or enter the bloodstream and cause ___________.
food-borne, intestinal tract , general illness
the immediate source of glucose for contracting muscles
glycogen
Body Mass Index is a method of comparing
height and weight
Most physical characteristics are inherited. Scientists have discovered several genes that contribute to human fatness, particularly genes that regulate the production of specific ______, such as________, which stimulates hunger, and_____, which reduces hunger.
hormones, ghrelin, leptin
Plastic wrap from packaging would be considered...
indirect food additive
Hormone secreted by fat cells that helps signal to our body that we are full
leptin
Low intensity activities are fueled by this macronutrient
lipids
DRI that describes the relative amount of calories that can come from protein, fat, and carbohydrate in one's diet.
macronutrient distribution
What is the biggest concern when it comes to food safety?
microbial contamination
Marissa's BMI is 26.9. According to this information, Marissa is in the ____ BMI range.
overweight
Primary function of the stomach
protein digestion
According to the _________ theory, a person's body fat level may be difficult to maintain at a new lower level, which explains why most people regain the weight they lose.
set-point
A person with a BMI of 16.2 would be
underweight
Type of fat that is stored around organs is associated with negative health outcomes.
visceral
Nutrient needed in large amounts but is calorie free
water
Bone mass can be increased by these kinds of activities
weight bearing
Which of the following systems is responsible for moving nutrients and waste throughout the body? a. The cardiovascular system. b. The digestive system. c. The urinary system. d. The endocrine system.
A
Which of the following types of scientific studies is the strongest? a. systematic literature reviews b. in vitro c. prospective cohort d. case control e. randomized control trials
A
Duncan's diet contains high amounts of protein and fat, but it is very low in carbohydrate. As a result of following this diet, Duncan's body forms more ________ than normal. A) glycogen stores B) ketone bodies C) vitamin C D) muscle fibers
B
The primary site of nutrient absorption is a. the mouth b. the small intestine c. the esophagus d. the stomach e. the colon
B
To ensure that you consume a healthy amount of a nutrient, you should aim to consume how much of the nutrient? a. You should consume an amount that is lower than the RDA/AI. b. You should consume an amount that is higher than the RDA/AI but lower than the UL. c. You should consume an amount that is higher than the UL. d. You should consume an amount that is lower than the RDA/AI, but higher than the UL.
B
What is the purpose of a control group in an experiment? a. Control groups allow you to test multiple variables b. Control groups allow you to determine if the effect is due to a manipulated variable. c. Control groups are included to eliminate researcher bias. d. Control groups allow you to evaluate the effect of placebos. e. Control groups allow you to measure the dependent variable.
B
14) ________ is a source of sucrose. A) Egg white B) Beef liver C) Sugar cane D) Fat-free milk
C
15) Which of the following foods is a rich source of fiber? A) Grilled salmon B) Beef steak C) Brown rice D) Roast turkey
C
25) In the body, lipids A) stimulate the production of vitamins and minerals. B) are necessary for the absorption of dietary fiber. C) help maintain cell membranes. D) contribute to proper body hydration.
C
30) Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids? A) Baked chicken B) Green beans C) Canola oil D) Corn oil
C
36) Which of the following characteristics increases a person's risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)? A) Female sex B) Asian ancestry C) Type 2 diabetes D) Higher than average intakes of calcium
C
A double blind study a. Occurs when neither the treatment or control group know which group they are in b. Occurs when an individual does not know they are in a study, let alone what group they are in c. Occurs when neither the researcher nor the individual knows what group they are in until after the study has occurred. d. Occurs when both experimental and control groups are vision impaired. e. Occurs when no one knows the outcome of the study
C
Which of the following statements about fruits and vegetables is true. a. Fruits and vegetables are put into the same food group. b. Fruit juice does not count as a serving of fruit. c. Juice can adequately account for all your servings of fruit. d. You should consume vegetables from a variety of subgroups, such as dark greens, orange-colored, and starchy groups.
D
Which of the following statements about the colon is NOT true? a. Bacteria in the colon further digest and manufacture nutrients. b. The colon is a part of the large intestine. c. Feces is concentrated in the colon as water is absorbed. d. No nutrients are absorbed in the colon. e. Some minerals are absorbed in the colon.
D
Which of the following types of scientific studies is the weakest? a. systematic literature reviews b. case control c. prospective cohort d. cross sectional e. human intervention
D
Which of the following is NOT required to be on food labels? a. Health and Nutrition Claims b. The name of the product c. The ingredients in the product d. Contact information for the manufacturer of the product
A
Which of the following vitamins can be made by the human body? A) D B)C C)B-12 D) Thiamin
A
Yesterday, Jenny ran in a marathon race. While she ran, she drank several large cups of water at water stations along the race course. At the end of the race, she experienced difficulty making it to the finish line. She was confused, and she complained of having a headache and feeling dizzy. Based on this information, Jenny was probably suffering from A) water intoxication. B)heat cramps. C)kidney failure. D) brain cancer.
A
________ are fat-soluble vitamins. A) Vitamins K, E, and D B)Pantothenic acid, vitamin A, and choline C)Niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin D) Vitamins B-12, B-6, and E
A
Anthony is training for a half-marathon. On long-run days, what snacks would be the most appropriate to consume after one hour of running and why?
A banana and pretzels because they provide carbohydrate, which helps prevent fatigue.
Primary source of direct energy in the cell
ATP
Label the case study with the type of disordered eating practice or eating disorder: Laurie is a college student who became obsessed with losing weight after breaking up with her boyfriend. She avoids any foods she perceives as "fattening." Laurie is 5'9" an now weighs 113 pounds. She has not had a menstrual period in over 1 year.
Anorexia nervosa
6) Every amino acid has ________ in its chemical structure. A) potassium C) iron B) nitrogen D) chloride
B
A person suffering from celiac disease must avoid A) eating foods that contain phenylalanine. B) consuming foods that contain gluten. C) lying down after meals. D) taking dietary supplements that contain homocysteine.
B
Chronic alcohol abuse increases the risk of ________ cancer. A) muscle C) skin B) pancreatic D) thyroid
B
Erika is a vegan. To avoid developing a serious nutritional deficiency, she needs to include a source of ________ in her diet. A) fiber B) vitamin B-12 C) magnesium D) folate
B
Fred is a lactovegetarian. Which of the following foods does he eat? A) Chicken B) Cheese C) Eggs D) Fish
B
Lily is 22 years of age. She usually consumes about 1800 kcal per day. According to AMDR guidelines, protein should comprise ________% of her total energy intake. A) 20 to 45 C) 40 to 65 B) 10 to 35 D) 30 to 55
B
Marta is a pregnant woman suffering from severe iodine deficiency. As a result of the deficiency, she has a high risk of giving birth to a child with A) type 2 diabetes. B)cretinism. C)phenylketonuria. D) ariboflavinosis.
B
Plant-based diets may not supply enough ________ to meet a child's needs. A) fiber B)protein C)vitamin C D) sodium
B
The human body needs vitamin K to A) absorb phosphorus from foods. B)form active blood clotting factors. C)synthesize DNA. D) release the energy stored in glucose.
B
To conserve the vitamin content of foods, A) store in warm conditions, and expose to sunlight and air. B)stir-fry instead of boil. C)cook slowly in large amounts of water. D) peel vegetables and cut into small pieces before cooking in water.
B
28) ________ acid is an omega-3 fatty acid. A) Linoleic B) Lauric C) Stearic D) Eicosapentaenoic
D
Adding a small amount of ________ to cooked vegetables can enhance the intestinal tract's ability to absorb the fat-soluble vitamins they contain. A) sugar B)wine C)water D) butter
D
An early symptom of vitamin A deficiency is A) hair loss. B)headaches. C)swollen tongue. D) night blindness.
D
Eddie drinks 6 beers a week. At this level of alcohol consumption, he is A) an abstainer. B) an abuser. C) a binge drinker. D) a moderate drinker.
D
Manny's blood alcohol concentration is 0.36. Based on this information, Manny is A) acting more sociable and feeling less tense. B) acting aggressively toward his partner. C) able to drive safely. D) unconscious.
D
The typical vegetarian diet supplies high amounts of A) cholesterol. B)saturated fat. C)vitamin B-12. D) vitamin C.
D
Vitamin C A) can cure night blindness. B)dissolves in the fatty portions of foods. C)acts as a coenzyme in certain reactions that release energy from glucose. D) is needed to form strong collagen.
D
Which of the following cooking methods can result in major losses of water-soluble vitamins? A) Stir-frying in a small amount of oil B)Steaming in a vegetable steamer C)Microwaving in little or no water D) Boiling in a saucepan of water
D
Which of the following statements is true? A) The body needs protein to make sodium, calcium, and other mineral elements. B) Proteins are comprised of phosphorus, oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon. C) Proteins are comprised of smaller chemical units called nucleic acids. D) The human body normally uses very little protein for energy.
D
Which of the following statements is true? A) The body stores vitamins in the liver, spleen, and bones. B)The body excretes fat-soluble vitamins more easily than water-soluble vitamins. C)Vitamins supply about 2 kcal per gram. D) Most vitamins cannot be synthesized by the human body.
D
Determine whether the scenario contributes to decreased basal metabolism or increased basal metabolism: Being 5'3" tall and weighing 142 lbs. vs being 5'10" and weighing 160 lbs.
Decreased
Disordered eating or eating disorder: Dylan is a vegan and classifies food as clean or unclean. He only eats food he makes himself.
Disordered Eating
Disordered eating or eating disorder: Tammi's BMI is 33.6. She claims she has a slow metabolism, because she doesn't eat much during the day. However, she wakes up at midnight and eats energy-dense foods for two hours straight.
Disordered Eating
Which of the following are micronutrients a. Lipids b. Proteins c. Carbohydrates d. Water e. None of the above are micronutrients
E
Disordered eating or eating disorder: Jamil's weight is normal, but he often loses control over his food intake and consumes pizza, beer, cookies and cake. After he consumes these, he goes to the bathroom and makes himself vomit
Eating Disorder
While researching healthy ways to lose weight, Ahmed found the website of the National Weight Control Registry (NWRC). According to the site, most NWCR participants engage in certain behavior(s). What are 3?
Exercise one hour daily, eat breakfast, eat low calorie, low-fat foods
True or False: Excess protein is stored in muscle tissue
False
True or False: Protein is a major biological fuel used during physical activity
False
Important energy source for low- or moderate-intensity aerobic exercise of more than 20 minutes
Fat
Certain situations and personality characteristics are associated with increased risk of eating disorders. List 2 major risk factors for eating disorders.
Frequently dieting to lose weight and often expressing dissatisfaction with body shape
What are the aspects of Anaerobic glucose breakdown?
Glucose degrades into pyruvate , oxygen supply in the muscle is limited, most of the energy needed for events ranging from about 30 seconds to 2 minutes, produces relatively small amounts of ATP
It is often difficult to determine the cause of underweight. What is known to contribute to underweight?
Having chronic diseases of the intestinal tract, such as inflammatory bowel disease
Determine whether the scenario contributes to decreased basal metabolism or increased basal metabolism: Being pregnant vs. not pregnant
Increased
Determine whether the scenario contributes to decreased basal metabolism or increased basal metabolism: Having a fever vs. being well
Increased
A healthy weight can be achieved by focusing on energy balance. Is drinking a glass of wine considered energy input or output?
Input
Is eating a grilled chicken salad considered energy input or output?
Input
What energy system is used for exercise lasting 30-40 seconds?
Lactic Acid Energy System
Determine whether the following behavior modification is recommended by registered dietitians for weight loss or not: Make a list of forbidden foods that you promise not to eat until you reach your goal weight
Not recommended
Determine whether the following behavior modification is recommended by registered dietitians for weight loss or not: Skipping meals, including breakfast, is a good way to lose weight.
Not recommended
Is digesting a meal considered energy input or output?
Output
Is shivering in response to cold considered energy input or output?
Output
What energy system is used for endurance exercise activities?
Oxygen Energy System
Energy system that provides the initial energy for quick bursts of energy
P-creatine system
What energy system is used for exercise lasting a few seconds?
PCr-ATP Energy System
Determine which component of energy expenditure the senario represents: David burns 250 kcal raking the leaves in his yard.
Physical activity
Type of study that follows two or more groups of people that are exposed to something different and compares differences in future outcomes.
Prospective cohort study
DRI that indicates the value that if consumed will meet the needs of 97 - 98% of the population.
RDA
Determine whether the following behavior modification is recommended by registered dietitians for weight loss or not: Bake, broil, or roast meats as lower-fat alternatives to frying
Recommended
Determine whether the following behavior modification is recommended by registered dietitians for weight loss or not: Take stairs instead of elevators or escalators whenever possible
Recommended
Exercise increases:
Self-image, muscle mass, strength, flexibility, balance, bone strength, cardiovascular function
Exercise decreases what?
Stress, colon cancer risk, depression and anxiety, sleep disorders, risk of hypertension, type 2 diabetes risk, risk of premature death
What is the energy expended due to activities like fidgeting called?
non-exercise activity thermogenesis or NEAT
The most common food-borne illness in the United States results from________ infection. This infection is spread by contact with an infected person's__________ and feces. Using cleaning solutions that contain________ may reduce the likelihood of becoming infected with the pathogen.
norovirus, vomit, bleach
Which of the following statements is true? A) In the United States, a BAC of 0.08% is the legal limit for intoxication for adult drivers. B)Rapid heart rate is a sign of alcohol poisoning. C)The pancreas is the primary site for alcohol metabolism. D) Alcohol is stored in body fat.
A
Label the case study with the type of disordered eating practice or eating disorder: Samantha is a stay-at-home mom struggling with her marriage. She is over weight and often wakes up at night to binge on large quantities of food while her husband is sleeping. She feels isolated and angry and confides to her therapist that more than 50% of her caloric intake occurs in the middle of the night.
Nigh eating syndrome
Determine whether the following behavior modification is recommended by registered dietitians for weight loss or not: Go grocery shopping on an empty stomach to help improve healthy food choices.
Not recommended
How many strength exercises are recommended for each week?
8-10
33) Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids? A) Soybean oil B) Green beans C) Roast beef D) Whole milk
A
38) Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of omega-3 fatty acids? A) Tuna fish B) Fried chicken C) Ground beef D) Whole-wheat bread
A
40) Chase is a 22-year-old college student. According to recommendations of the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR), fat should comprise ________% of his total energy intake each day. A) 20 to 35 B) 5 to 10 C) 10 to 20 D) 35 to 45
A
Cameron was born with a condition that requires him to limit eating foods that contain phenylalanine. Based on this information, Cameron has A) PKU. B) cystic fibrosis. C) amino acid toxicity syndrome. D) IBD.
A
Consuming too much protein or excess amino acids can contribute to A) dehydration. B) stroke. C) arthritis. D) coronary artery disease.
A
Jacob is a healthy, active 14-year-old boy. Recently, he began to experience a growth spurt. Based on this information, his body is in ________ nitrogen balance. A) positive B)negative C)inverted D) activated
A
Jade is concerned about her risk of osteoporosis. To help reduce her risk of this condition, Jade should A) avoid smoking cigarettes. B)reduce her physical activity level. C)avoid foods such as kale and frozen yogurt. D) consume more iron-rich foods.
A
Proteins A) are comprised of amino acids. B)have phosphorus in their chemical structures. C)provide 7 kcal/g. D) are stored as glycogen in the body.
A
Roberta is 25 years of age, healthy, and pregnant. Based on this information, her body is in ________ nitrogen balance. A) positive B)activated C)inverse D) negative
A
The chemical attraction between the acid group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid can form a A) peptide bond. B) glycosidic linkage. C) fatty acid chain. D) partially hydrogenated protein.
A
Which of the following foods is a good dietary source of beta-carotene? A) Broccoli B)Bread C)Salmon D) Hamburger
A
31) The liver uses cholesterol to make A) Vitamin A B) Fatty acids C) Bile D) Water
C
34) A chylomicron is a type of A) phospholipid. B) sterol. C) lipoprotein. D) fatty acid.
C
39) Which of the following statements is true? A) The omega end of a fatty acid molecule contains the acid group. B) Fatty acids contain nitrogen, hydrogen, and carbon. C) A polyunsaturated fatty acid has two or more double bonds between carbons in the hydrocarbon chain. D) A saturated fat has a triple bond between two carbons in the hydrocarbon chain.
C
Which of the following foods are reliable dietary sources of vitamin D? A) Fresh fruits B)Fortified dairy products C)Processed luncheon meats D) Enriched breads and cereals
B
Which of the following foods is a natural source of vitamin D? A) Dark orange and yellow vegetables B)Fatty fish and fish oils C)Whole-grain breads and cereals D) Fresh fruit
B
Which of the following statements is false? A) Loss of height is a sign of osteoporosis. B)Women generally have the highest risk of osteoporosis before menopause. C)Efforts to reduce the risk of osteoporosis should begin early in life. D) Estrogen and testosterone are needed for good bone health.
B
Which of the following substances is an enzyme that participates in the digestion of proteins? A) Bile B)Trypsin C)Cholecystokinin D) Amylase
B
While at a party, Dimitrius became drunk after consuming 6 cans of beer and 2 shots of whiskey. To sober up, he should A) drink 3 cups of strong coffee. B)stop drinking and give his liver time to metabolize the alcohol. C)run a mile and then take a cold shower. D) drink a glass of orange juice that contains a raw egg and tabasco sauce.
B
Determine which component of energy expenditure the senario represents: Jillian needs a minimum of 1,400 kcal to keep her resting, awake body alive in a warm, quiet environment for 12 hours or more.
Basal metabolism
Label the case study with the type of disordered eating practice or eating disorder: Brianna is a high school cross-country runner who experienced a season-ending injury. She is feeling depressed about being unable to compete and her grades are beginning to suffer. She consoles herself by eating large quantities of food, including cakes, cookies, and ice cream. She feels an overwhelming sense of guilt after bingeing, but she does not engage in any compensatory behaviors such as vomiting or laxative abuse.
Binge-eating disorder
What is a symptom of Clostridium Botulinum?
Blurry vision, difficulty swallowing, and general muscle weakness
Label the case study with the type of disordered eating practice or eating disorder: Jim is a high school wrestler who is struggling to keep his weight in a healthy range. After a stressful practice, he will sometimes binge on very large quantities of food. He feels so guilty afterward that he exercises compulsively to try to burn off calories from the binge.
Bulimia Nervosa
Blake is a college student whose diet consists primarily of enriched white bread, chicken, meat, cheese, yogurt, and milk. Furthermore, he doesn't take dietary supplements. Based on this information, Blake has a high risk of developing A) pellagra. B)beriberi. C)scurvy. D) neural tube defects.
C
Christina drinks 1 beer a month. At this level of alcohol consumption, she is A) a mild drinker. B) a binge drinker. C) an abstainer. D) an abuser.
C
Chronic alcohol abuse A) lowers blood pressure. B) increases the size of the adrenal glands. C) increases fat deposits in the abdominal region. D) causes the heart to shrink.
C
In the human body, water is involved in A) protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids from free radical damage. B)alcohol digestion. C)transporting substances. D) providing energy to fuel cellular activity.
C
In the stomach, ________ participate in the chemical digestion of protein. A) gastric lipase and intrinsic factor B) pancreatic amylase and intrinsic factor C) hydrochloric acid and pepsin D) mucus and cholecystokinin
C
Lola doesn't like to cook, so she eats fast food at least three times a week. When she doesn't eat fast food, she opens a can of soup and makes a ham and cheese sandwich. For snacks, she prefers processed cheese cubes, potato chips, and pretzels. Based on this information, her diet is very high in A) potassium. B)vitamin D. C)sodium. D) beta-carotene.
C
The body can store large amounts of A) riboflavin. B)thiamin. C)vitamin B-12. D) vitamin C.
C
When Leah parties with her friends, she usually drinks 6 beers during a 2-hour party. At this level of alcohol consumption, she is A) a restrained drinker. B) a moderate drinker. C) a binge drinker. D) an abstainer.
C
Which of the following disorders is associated with high sodium intakes? A) fluorosis B)osteomalacia C)hypertension D) diabetes
C
Which of the following foods is a good source of high-quality protein? A) Orange juice B)Boiled cabbage C)Soy milk D) Leaf lettuce
C
Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin K? A) Processed poultry products B)Citrus fruit C)Green leafy vegetables D) Enriched breads
C
Which of the following foods is a high-protein snack that can replace a snack that contains animal proteins? A) Vegetable salad with greens and baby carrots B)Slice of American cheese C)Peanut butter on crackers D) ½ cup of apple and watermelon chunks
C
Which of the following foods is a poor source of essential amino acids? A) Sesame seeds B)Fat-free milk C)Peach D) Peanuts
C
Which of the following foods is an excellent source of heme iron? A) Corn oil margarine B)Fat-free milk C)Beef steak D) Broccoli
C
Which of the following foods is naturally a good source of high-quality protein? A) Red grapes B)Leaf lettuce C)Tuna fish D) Corn oil margarine
C
Which of the following foods is often responsible for causing an allergic response in susceptible persons? A) Blueberries B)Grapes C)Peanuts D) Broccoli
C
Chronic heartburn is also known as what? a. Esophageal burn syndrome b. GERD c. Heart palpitations d. Heart-Acid disease e. Ulcerative Esophagelus
B
17) Amy has type 1 diabetes. To reduce her son's risk of this disease, Amy should A) monitor her child's health, because there is no way to reduce the risk. B) prepare low-fat, high-fiber foods for him to eat. C) avoid feeding him foods that contain carbohydrates. D) protect him from excess sun exposure.
A
19) Justin's blood cholesterol level is too high. He'd like to add foods to his diet that can help reduce his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, which of the following foods should he add? A) Beans B) Liver C) Steak D) Butter
A
22) Which of the following statements is true? A) A diet that contains whole-grain foods may help relieve constipation. B) The human body stores carbohydrate as glucose. C) Maltose is the complex carbohydrate in potatoes, rice, and beans. D) The pancreas secretes glucagon, a hormone that signals your cells to take up glucose from the bloodstream.
A
A group of scientists suspects that certain dietary practices are partially responsible for different rates of hypertension among adults of different ethnic/racial groups. To test their hypothesis, the researchers examine data concerning the different population groups' hypertension rates and their past dietary practices. This research is a(n) _____ study. a. case control b. in vitro c. prospective cohort study d. human intervention cross sectional
A
According to Shawn's physician, Shawn has a high risk of ________ because his waist circumference is 42 inches, his blood pressure consistently measures 140 mm Hg/90 mm Hg, and his fasting blood glucose level is 110 mg/dl. A) metabolic syndrome B) cystic fibrosis C) constipation D) diverticulitis
A
Scientists enroll 500 healthy adults in a study and collect dietary and other lifestyle information about the group. After 6 years, the scientists determine that study participants who ate at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables daily were less likely to develop high blood pressure than participants who ate fewer than 5 servings of these foods daily. This study is an example of a(n) ____ study. a. prospective cohort b. case control c. human intervention d. cross sectional e. introspective
A
The outcome of an experiment is called a. the dependent variable b. the control variable c. the experimental variable d. the independent variable the result variable
A
To reduce her intake of added sugars, Isabelle should A) replace regular soft drinks with plain water. B) consume energy drinks instead of coffee. C) consume more refined sources of carbohydrates. D) increase her intake of beverages sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup.
A
What percent of your grains should be whole? a. At least half b. At most half c. 100% 0%
A
Which of the following foods is both energy and nutrient dense? a. peanut butter b. fat free milk c. iceberg lettuce d. broccoli e. soda pop
A
Which of the following is NOT a function of the pancreas a. it aids in the movement of food through the small intestine b. it secretes bicarbonate, which neutralizes stomach acid. c. It secretes pancreatic lipase, which helps break down fats. d. It secretes trypsin, which helps break down protein. e. It secretes enzymes that help break down carbohydrate.
A
Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ of the digestive system? a. The heart b. The liver c. The pancreas d. The salivary glands e. The gall bladder
A
Which of the following statements about Daily Values is NOT true? a. Daily Values are a good tool that enables you to determine your nutrient needs. b. Daily Values are based on the highest nutrient requirements for all population groups. c. Daily Values are useful for comparing nutrient content of different foods. d. Daily Values are rarely changed.
A
Which of the following statements about bile is true? a. it is made by the liver and stored in the gall bladder b. it is made by the gall bladder and stored in the liver c. it is made in and stored by the liver d. it is made in and stored by the gall bladder it is made by the pancreas
A
Which of the following statements is false? a. The Internet is generally a reliable source of nutrition information, because information posted at websites has been peer-reviewed. b. When evaluating claims for dietary supplements that appear at a website, be wary of products that include promises for quick remedies. c. In general, personal websites, such as blogs, are not reliable sources of nutrition information. d. Websites with .edu in their addresses are likely to provide reliable nutrition information. Health on the Net is a nonprofit organization the evaluates websites to make sure they meet a certain level of reliability based on a standard code.
A
Which of the following statements would be allowed on a nutrition label as a Nutrient-Related Claim? a. While many factors affect heart disease, diets low in saturated fat and cholesterol may reduce the risk of this disease. b. Diets low in sodium may reduce the risk of high blood pressure. c. Consuming folate may reduce a woman's risk of having a child with a brain or spinal cord defect. d. Foods that are low in fat and contain dietary fiber will reduce the risk of developing cancer.
A
1. Which of the following is the standard representing the highest average amount of a nutrient that is unlikely to be harmful when consumed daily? a. Recommended Daily Allowance b. Tolerable Upper Limit c. Adequate Intake d. Average Macronutrient Distribution Range
B
12) The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are A) maltose, ribose, and galactose. B) galactose, glucose, and fructose. C) fructose, lactose, and hexose monophosphate. D) glucose, galactose, and mannose.
B
16) Hillary would like to add more soluble fiber to her diet. Which of the following foods should she add? A) Margarine B) Citrus fruits C) Red meats D) White bread
B
18) Phil is a healthy college student. When he wakes up in the morning, he can't wait to eat breakfast. While he is asleep and before he consumes food or beverages, his pancreas secretes ________ to maintain his blood glucose level within normal limits. A) insulin B) glucagon C) aldosterone D) thyroxin
B
32) Which of the following statements is true? A) Foods that contain cholesterol should be avoided because the substance is toxic to human cells. B) Oxidized LDL contributes to arterial plaque buildup. C) High levels of HDL cholesterol are associated with increased risk of heart disease. D) A diet that is high in saturated fat helps reduce high blood cholesterol levels.
B
35) Which of the following characteristics or conditions increases a person's risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)? A) Female sex B) Hypertension C) Low body weight D) Asian ancestry
B
37) The body uses cholesterol to make A) vitamin E. B) vitamin D. C) vitamin A. D) vitamin B-12
B
When establishing the amount of a nutrient that a population (made up of individuals for the same age and sex) should take in on a daily basis, what value is used and why? a. A value that is the average requirement for all individuals. This ensures that, on average, most people will get enough of the nutrient without consuming too much of it. b. A value that covers 97% of a population; this value ensures most individuals will get an adequate amount of the nutrient, but not risk toxicity or neglecting other essential nutrients. c. A value that ensures that 100% of the individuals get their nutrient requirement. This ensures that everyone gets their nutrient needs. d. A value that is double the requirement for the highest individual tested. This ensures that you did not miss any outliers that require an especially high amount of the nutrient.
B
When muscle cells have more glucose than they need for energy, they may store some of the excess as A) fiber. B) glycogen. C) certain B vitamins. D) ketone bodies.
B
Which of the following body systems is composed of glands and secretes hormones? a. The nervous system. b. The endocrine system c. The integumentary system. d. The lymphatic system.
B
Which of the following can contribute to the nutritional adequacy of a diet? a. consuming the same foods every day b. eating a variety of foods in each of the MyPlate categories c. avoiding energy dense foods d. only consuming dessert once a day e. eating several smaller meals during the day
B
Which of the following is NOT an example of a recommendation of the Deitary Guidelines? a. Consume a variety of vegetables from all subgroups. b. Replace oils with carbohydrate-rich foods c. Eat a variety of protein rich foods, including seafood and lean meats. d. Consume less than 10% of daily calories from added sugars.
B
Which of the following is something that you should NOT do when evaluating nutrition information on the web? a. Use multiple sites b. Use sites that provide online diagnoses c. Be skeptical of sites that attack the scientific and medical establishment d. Look for the Health on the Net symbol Be skeptical of blogs
B
Which of the following statements about an acid is NOT true? a. An acid increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. b. Things that are considered acids end in -ase. c. An acid will decrease the pH of a solution. d. Gastric juices are acidic.
B
Which of the following statements would NOT be allowed on a label? a. Sugar free on a food that contains 0.3 grams of sugar and no fiber per serving. b. Cholesterol free on a food that contains has 0 mg of cholesterol and 5 g of saturated fat per serving. c. Reduced calorie on a food that contains 33% fewer calories and 10% less fat than the traditional product. d. Good source of fiber on a food that contains 4 grams of fiber and 2 grams of fat per serving.
B
Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate? A) glucose B) starch C) carbon dioxide D) high-fructose corn syrup
B
A medical researcher reads an article in "Today's Health-Conscious Woman" magazine about the benefits of using the phytochemical capsaicin to treat knee pain. She asks 10 people with arthritic knees to rub a cream that contains the phytochemical on their knee joints for two weeks. At the end of the two weeks, the researcher asks the subjects whether their knee pain improved, stayed about the same, or worsened during the treatment period. After collecting responses from the people, the researcher reports the results of her study during a popular TV show that is hosted by a doctor. Based on this information, which of the following statements is true? a. The researcher reviewed scientific literature regarding the use of capsaicin to treat knee pain. b. The researcher used a standard scientific design for research involving human subjects. c. The researcher did not divide the subjects of her study into control and treatment groups. d. The researcher subjected the results of her study to peer-review e. The researcher performed a double-blind study
C
Compared to 1970, Americans a. consume more read meat and less vegetables b. consume fewer calories but more fat c. consume more fish and more vegetables d. consume more fat and less sugar e. consume more sugar and less fat
C
If your diet supplies more sugar and starch than you need, the excess can be A) eliminated in feces. B) metabolized to form urea and excreted by the kidneys. C) converted into fat and stored. D) converted to proteins that are metabolized for energy.
C
Which of the following is a diet where an individual achieves the AMDR goals? a. 55% carbohydrate, 35% protein, 10% fat b. 35% carbohydrate, 35% protein, 30% fat c. 55% carbohydrate, 15% protein, 30% fat d. 45% carbohydrate, 40% protein, 15% fat
C
Which of the following is true about a structure/function claim? a. A structure/function claim describes how a nutrient can be used to prevent a serious health condition. b. A structure/function claim explains how a nutrient can be used to treat a medical condition. c. A structure/function claim describes the role a nutrient plays in maintaining a structure or promoting normal function. d. A structure/function claim explains how a nutrient promotes improvements in disease states.
C
Which of the following questions about the Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) is true? a. It has a margin of safety b. It does not account for a person's weight, height, or physical activity level. c. It is based on the average daily energy needs of a healthy person. d. It reflects a person's actual daily energy needs.
C
Which of the following statements about the small intestine is NOT true? a. Intestinal absorptive cells contain projections called microvilli. b. It contains tiny fingerlike projections called villi. c. It is smooth to increase the contact with nutrients to aid in digestion and absorption. d. Water soluble nutrients are absorbed here and go into the blood stream. e. Fat-soluble nutrients are absorbed here and go into lymphatic vessels.
C
1. Actress Lotta Talent appears in commercials endorsing the herbal supplement hoodia for weight loss. Her endorsement is an example of a(n) a. purport. b. anecdote. c. factoid. d. testimonial. e. scientific fact
D
1. Which of the following websites is most likely a source of biased and unreliable nutrition information? a. purdue.edu b. choosemyplate.gov c. eatright.org d. naturalnews.com e. heart.org
D
10) Which of the following substances is a polysaccharide? A) High-fructose corn syrup B) Lactose C) Glucose D) Soluble fiber
D
11) Which of the following substances is a simple sugar? A) Lignin B) Glycogen C) Starch D) Fructose
D
13) Which of the following substances is the primary fuel for muscles and other cells? A) Lactose B) Fiber C) Fructose D) Glucose
D
23) Clayton is a 19-year-old college student. He avoids milk, because he claims drinking the beverage upsets his stomach and gives him intestinal "gas." However, he can eat yogurt and certain types of cheese without experiencing any symptoms. Based on this information, Clayton probably has A) cystic fibrosis. B) botulism poisoning. C) amylase deficiency. D) lactose intolerance.
D
27) ________ acid is an essential fatty acid. A) Lauric B) Stearic C) Palmitic D) Linoleic
D
29) Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest percentage of cholesterol? A) Chylomicron B) VLDL C) HDL D) LDL
D
A good hypothesis is a. tested and found to be correct b. verified as unfalsfiable c. based on gut feelings and provable d. based on observations and testable e. an if-then statement
D
A magazine advertisement for a weight loss product includes before and after photos of a woman who supposedly lost 50 pounds in 3 weeks while taking the product. The bottom of the ad includes the statement, "Results are not typical." This statement is an example of a(n) a. anecdote. b. placebo. c. testimonial. d. disclaimer. e. hypothesis
D
A popular women's magazine has an article about the health benefits of consuming calcium-rich foods. If the article's author has the credentials _____ after his or her name, the article is more likely to contain reliable nutrition information. a. MD b. DN c. PhD d. RD e. LPN
D
During a television interview, Dr. Ima Quack provides the following statement. "Most Americans suffer from nutritional deficiency diseases and will develop cancer within the next 10 years because they are not taking my megavitamin formula therapy." Dr. Quack's statement is an example of a(n) a. medical hypothesis b. intuitive deduction. c. personal observation. d. scare tactic. e. anecdote
D
Food moves through the esophagus via which mechanism. a. The gravitational pull b. The suction force created by the stomach c. The push from food higher up in the esophagus. d. Peristalsis e. Abdominal contractions
D
Nervous system cells rely on primary_____ for energy. A) Fructose B) Lactose C) Fiber D) Glucose
D
Something is considered an essential nutrient if a. your body needs it b. it is a macronutrient or micronutrient c. your body can make it d. it is a chemical found in food that your body needs and cannot make e. your body needs it in large quantities
D
The primary site of nutrient digestion is a. the mouth b. the esophagus c. the stomach d. the small intestine e. the colon
D
Where does carbohydrate digestion occur? a. The mouth b. The stomach c. The small intestine. d. The mouth and small intestine. e. The stomach and small intestine.
D
Which of the following is NOT a Key Component of Dietary Guidelines for 2015-2020? a. Follow a healthy eating pattern across the lifespan. b. Shift to healthier food and beverage options. c. Focus on variety, nutrient density, and amount of food. d. Focus on eliminating foods that have sugar, trans fat, and cholesterol from your diet.
D
Which of the following statements about enzymes is NOT true? a. Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction. b. Most enzymes are proteins. c. The pH of a solution can alter how well an enzyme will function. d. Enzymes are used up during the course of a reaction.
D
Most Americans fall short in which of the following MyPlate categories? a. Meat and Grains b. Grains and Vegetables c. Meat and Dairy d. Grain and Dairy e. Fruit and Dairy
E
The most common cause of peptic ulcers is a. stress b. high-fat diets c. consuming acidic foods d. low protein diets. e. H. pylori infection
E
Which of the following is NOT a part of the GI tract? a. the mouth b. the stomach c. the colon d. the rectum e. the liver
E
Which of the following is not one of the 10 leading causes of death in the United States? a. cancer b. heart disease c. stroke d. accidents e. starvation
E
Which of the following is true about epidemiological studies a. They can show direct causation b. Groups are randomly assigned c. These studies make use of placebos d. They are uncommon in nutrition research. e. These can only show correlations and not causations.
E
Which of the following would be a relevant question to ask yourself when evaluating nutrition information? a. What motivates the authors? b. Is the source scientific? c. How was the study conducted? d. Who sponsored the study? e. All of the above.
E