nutrition final exam
Match the digestive disorder to its description or characteristics: heartburn diarrhea diverticulosis irritable bowel syndrome Peptic ulcer
----Heartburn-Gastric acid enters the esophagus damaging the epithelial lining -Diarrhea-Loose, watery and frequent stools -Diverticulosis-Small pouches that push out through weak spots in the colon that can become inflamed -Irritable bowel syndrome-Associated with bloating, abdominal pain, cramps, diarrhea, or constipation -Peptic ulcer-Sores that develop along the GI tract triggered by H. Pylori, NSAIDs, stress or smoking
Match the following words to their definitions: Basal metabolic rate Thermic effect of food Thermogenesis
-Basal metabolic rate-Number of calories used by the body while in a fasting state Thermic effect of food-Energy used for the digestion and absorption of what we ingest Thermogenesis-Amount of energy burned via the body regulating body temperature and activities like fidgeting, maintaining body posture and shivering
Which of the following individuals would be more likely to be dehydrated and not recognize that they are thirsty? Choose all that apply. -Grace, a 90 year old widow -Frank, a twenty five year old teacher -Bailey, an active three year old -Jill, a middle aged secretary
-Grace, a 90 year old widow -Bailey, an active three year old
Why are food choices important for an older adult? Choose all that apply -Quality of the food is more important than quantity -Calorie needs increase -It is difficult to get adequate sodium in the diet -Nutrient dense foods will delay the onset of some diseases
-Quality of the food is more important than quantity -Nutrient dense foods will delay the onset of some diseases
As a dietitian, a client comes to you because they have struggled to control their weight. The client tells you that all of his "diets" haven't worked for him and he regains the weight he loses quickly. He loves "bad foods" like BBQ ribs, fried onions and hamburgers so he constantly cheats on his diets as well. Using the information you have learned in this module, (1) explain to the client the definition of "diet", and how it is different from how he thinks of it. (2) Explain the MyPlate principles that would allow him to consume foods he enjoys but have it not be detrimental to his health goals.
1. "Diet" refers to a style of eating that will meet your nutritional needs, and it is something that you practice for the rest of your life. 2. All foods are allowed, and there are no good foods or bad foods. The key words are variety, balance, and moderation.
(1) Hydration is important while breastfeeding. How many cups of fluid will allow adequate milk production? (2) Are calorie needs while breastfeeding higher or lower than needs during pregnancy?
1. 13 cups 2. Higher than during pregnancy
Number the following developmental stages of pregnancy in order from conception to birth:
1. Fertilization 2. Blastogenic 3. embryonic 4. end of first trimester 5. fetal stage
The storage form of carbohydrates in the human body is called ___1____. The two organs that store this form of carbohydrate for energy are muscle and ______2___ .
1. Glycogen 2. Liver
When initiating an exercise routine one should start with:
30 minutes of activity and increase to 60 minutes daily
Jack is a 21 year old college senior. He has been playing competitive basketball for years and is committed to strength training at least three times per week. During his physical, he asks about the typical range for body fat in athletes like himself. Choose the correct range for Jack. 8-24% 5-18% 17-28% 20-35%
5%-18%
According to MyPlate, fruits and vegetables should make up ____ of the plate. 75% 50% 65% 25%
50%
Write the definition of a calorie (as used in the general term).
A calorie is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius
Discuss two differences between aerobic and anaerobic activity.
Anaerobic activity is accomplished without oxygen. Aerobic activity uses oxygen. Anaerobic activity lasts approximately for two to three minutes. Aerobic activity is used in events lasting longer than 2 minutes.
What are the requirements for someone to be eligible to take medications, go on an extremely low-calorie diet, or have bariatric surgery?
BMI of >30, or >27 with co-morbid health risks
Controlling calories, physical activity, and ________are the three keys to weight loss and maintenance.
Behavior modification
Which of the following is a primary eating disorder? -Binge-Eating Disorder -Female Athlete Triad -Night Eating Syndrome -Disordered Eating Pattern
Binge-Eating Disorder
___________ refers to the amount of a substance (like a vitamin) that is absorbed into the bloodstream and is available to the body to use.
Bioavailability
Compare and contrast insoluble, and soluble fiber.
Both fiber forms are complex carbohydrates that are necessary for intestinal health. Insoluble fiber does not dissolve water and is not broken down by intestinal bacteria. It functions to increase stool mass and speed passage through the large intestine. In contrast, soluble fiber dissolves in water, and is broken down by intestinal bacteria. It helps to slow glucose absorption and fat (thus, lowering cholesterol) and provides satiety to a meal.
Along with stretching, list the 2 other categories of physical exercise shown to be beneficial to overall health.
Cardio or aerobic exercise Resistance training
Jill is trying to reduce her calories and increase her activity level to lose weight. She works in a business office, and when things get busy and stressful, she likes to go to the vending machine and get a candy bar. As part of her new lifestyle change, instead of going to the vending machine for a break, she decides to walk around the building instead. What kind of behavior modification is Jill demonstrating?
Cognitive restructuring
Which of the following would be an example of a social support that is part of a social program? Nutra system Physician Dietitian Community college with a cooking class Weight Watchers app to track calories
Community college with a cooking class
You are advising a client who only eats a plant-based diet. How would you explain complete vs incomplete proteins and how would they make sure to have complementary proteins.
Complete proteins are derived from animals and contain all essential amino acids. Other than soy, plants provide incomplete proteins where more than 1 essential amino acid is lacking. For someone on a plant-based diet, they need to consume a combination of at least 2 incomplete proteins.
Briefly explain the Binge Purge Cycle.
Consuming large quantities of food over a short period is referred to as a binge. Laxatives or vomiting are methods to get rid of the excess calories. This is referred to as a purge. An individual alternates between the two.
Which method below is used to determine a person's body fat by using an instrument that emits a small dose of radiation to measure the amount of fat, lean tissue, and bone in an individual? Underwater weighing Bioelectrical impedance DEXA Anthropometrics Caliper calculation
DEXA
List at least 3 conditions that increase mortality risk for patients with metabolic syndrome.
Diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease
What does the acronym DASH stand for? When is it prescribed for a patient, and what is the focus of the diet?
Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) decreases sodium and lowers blood pressure. The diet focuses on fruits, vegetables, whole grains and low fat dairy products.
Breastfeeding is recommended for the first year of life. However there are numerous factors that can influence a woman's decision to breastfeed. Choose all of the factors that can influence a woman's decision.
Education on the benefits of breastfeeding Physical ability Social concerns and norms Work
Current recommendations are for 30-45 minutes of activity per day for adults.
FALSE: Current recommendations are for 60-90 minutes of activity per day for adults
Foods that are high in sugar are also good sources of fiber.
FALSE: Foods that are often high in starch are good sources of fiber.
All essential vitamins are synthesized by the human body.
False Most essential vitamins can not be synthesized by the human body.
Prolactin stimulates the lobules in the breast, which in turn stimulates the letdown reflex.
False, Oxytocin stimulates the lobules in the breast, which in turn stimulates the letdown reflex.
High consumption of protein is necessary to build muscle in strength training
False, Resistance exercise is what builds the muscle in strength training.
The B complex vitamins and vitamin C are examples of fat soluble vitamins.
False, The B complex vitamins and vitamin C are examples of water soluble vitamins. Vitamin A, E, K, and D are examples of fat soluble vitamins.
Define the term Food Insecurity.
Food insecurity is inadequate food for everyone in the family, or the quality and variety of food is inadequate to meet nutrient needs.
Which of the following is NOT True concerning blood sugar regulation? -Hormones are responsible for control -High blood sugar is called hyperglycemia -The pancreas influences blood sugar regulation -Glucagon helps to lower blood sugar levels -Excess glucose is stored as glycogen
Glucagon helps to lower blood sugar levels
According to the module, three factors affect an individual's aging process. These factors are lifestyle, environment and _____________.
Heredity
List two groups of people that may be eligible to qualify to participate in the food pantry program:
Homeless, elderly, anyone requiring some assistance, low income
Define Hunger and list the primary cause in the United States.
Hunger is a painful sensation caused by a lack of food. Poverty is the primary cause
As you review Joy's lab work, you note that her hemoglobin level is low. This indicates insufficient intake of what mineral?
Inadequate intake of iron will lead to low hemoglobin levels.
As an athlete, it is difficult to meet nutrient needs when the calorie intake is less than ______ calories.
Less than 1400 calories
Julie is 25 years of age. She wants to know what her maximum heart rate and her target zone should be when exercising. Calculate her maximum heart rate and target zone showing your work.
Maximum heart rate is 220 - current age 220- 25 = 195 Target Zone is 60% to 90% of the maximum heart rate. 195 x .60 = 117 195 x .90 = 175.5
What information is gathered from anthropometric assessment?
Measurements of body composition, including weight, height, skinfold measurements, and body circumference
Along with keeping a food journal and measuring portion sizes, what are at least 2 more recommended behaviors for controlling calories? (Note behavior modification is not to be listed as a recommendation)
Nutrition label reading limiting high-fat foods limiting empty calorie foods/foods high in sugar
Match the following vitamins with the correct statement or deficiency. Retinal Vitamin E Vitamin D Vitamin K
Retinal-Helps the eye adjust from bright light to dim light. Vitamin E-The chemical name of this vitamin is Tocopherol Vitamin D-Osteomalacia is the result of inadequate intake of _______ Vitamin K-Small amounts of this vitamin are synthesized in the intestinal tract.
Symptoms of Heat exhaustion include: Select all that apply -Sweating -Confusion -Skin flushing -seizures
Sweating Skin flushing seizures
Explain the difference between Internal and External drives that influence our desire to eat.
The internal drive is hunger and is associated with negative sensations like churning, growling and pain in the stomach. External drives have to do with appetite and are associated with positive food sensations and lead us to eat when we are not hungry.
Good indicators of water loss during an athletic event include: -thirst -The level of activity and duration -Urine color -Body weight change
The level of activity and duration Urine color Body weight change
Explain why older adults are at risk for dehydration.
They lose their thirst sensation and frequently mistake hunger for thirst.
Match the lipid to its role in the body: -Triglyceride -Phospholipid -Sterol
Triglyceride-Source of energy, provide insulation and protection, and serve as a carrier of fat soluble vitamins Phospholipid-Form cell membranes, transport lipoproteins and act as emulsifiers Sterol-Used to generate hormones, or steroids
Which of the following is not a fat soluble vitamin? D C K E
Vitamin C
There are certain subpopulations in the United States that are at an increased risk for malnutrition. List two populations.
Working poor, isolated individuals, homeless, elderly children
Hypogeusia results when an individual is deficient in what mineral? Define the term hypogeusia.
Zinc; A reduced or inability to taste
Organic
a compound that contains carbon and hydrogen
An individual who has low numbers of red blood cells and a low hemoglobin would be diagnosed with what condition?
anemia
Inorganic
any substance that does not contain carbon
Which of the following is NOT a sensory external force that influences our eating: -smell -texture -taste -color -emotion/memory
emotion/memory
You are grocery shopping and notice a box of breakfast bars that are calcium fortified. On the front of the box is the statement, " Calcium builds strong bones". Which type of claim would this advertising be? -preliminary health claim -health claim -structure/function claim -nutrient claim
nutrient claim
Tom is on a diet restricting his consumption of amino acids. Which macromolecule would he be limiting?
protein
Why can foods advertised as "low-fat" and "fat-free" really not be advantageous for weight loss?
the calorie difference between low-fat and its regular counterpart can be marginal as extra sugar (or salt) can be used to improve the taste. Additionally, the lack of fat or simply the knowledge that the product is lower in calories, may lead you to actually eat more of a low-fat product. The end result is often the consumption of more calories than if you had just ingested the regular product initially.
For underweight individuals controlling calories is done in terms of increasing calories.
true
Intrinsic factor is a vital glycoprotein produced in the stomach and is necessary for the B12 to be absorbed.
true
Science now shows that increments of activity that add up to 60 minutes can be just as beneficial.
true
The bioavailability (absorption) of minerals can be affected by several types of interactions. (1) State the interaction from the list that best describes what is occurring in the situation below. (2) List whether the interaction increases or decreases bioavailability. Phil uses an iron skillet to cook meat with stewed tomatoes or another vitamin C source.
(1) B. Vitamin-mineral interaction. (2)Bioavailability will increase.
The pancreas plays a role in blood sugar regulation. For (A) the fasting, and (B) the fed states, list the hormones the pancreas releases and their effect on blood glucose.
(A) Fasting - pancreas releases glucagon, which breaks down glycogen stores to increase blood glucose levels (B) Fed - pancreas releases insulin, which increases cellular uptake of glucose, lowering blood glucose levels.
Match the GI tract accessory organ with its function: -Salivary glands -Liver -Gallbladder -Pancreas
-Salivary glands-releases saliva containing enzymes that chemically digest food -Liver-produces bile to break down fats -Gallbladder-stores bile produced by the liver to be released into the intestine to digest fats -Pancreas-releases digestive enzymes to chemically break down food
Why is extra iron required during pregnancy? Provide 2 reasons.
1. Increased blood volume 2. To provide iron stores for the fetus
According to the Dietary Guidelines 2020-2025 there are three key dietary principles. List two of the principles.
1. Meet nutritional needs from nutrient dense foods 2. Choose a variety of options from each food group 3. Pay attention to portion size
Minerals required in amounts less than 100 milligrams daily are categorized as __1_____ minerals. Those required in amounts greater than 100 milligrams are categorized as ___2____ minerals.
1. trace 2. major
Loraine is a pregnant female who was overweight prior to her pregnancy. At her clinic visit, she wanted to know what an appropriate amount of weight gain during pregnancy would be. 28-40 11-20 25-35 15-25
15-25
What is the range of scores for a normal BMI?
18.6 - 25
List two types of Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified.
2 of the following options: Binge-eating Female Athlete triad Night Eating syndrome
Explain how to calculate an individual's maximum heart rate.
220-age= max heart rate
Fats provide ___ kcal of energy/gram.
9
(A) Explain how type 1 diabetes occurs and the disease's symptoms. (B) Detail at least 3 ways it is different from type 2 diabetes.
A) Type 1 diabetes occurs when there is destruction of the beta cells in pancreas typically in childhood so they no longer secrete insulin and there is a rise in the blood glucose level (hyperglycemia). Symptoms are excessive thirst, urination, hunger, weight loss and ketosis. (B) Differences: Cause - Type 2 is caused by insulin resistance or when the pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin. Typically associated with being overweight/diet On-set: type 2 has an adult onset whereas type 1 is childhood or early adult Treatment: type 2 is treated with oral medications (anti-diabetic drugs) whereas type 1 is treated with insulin
The daily standards of calorie control for females is ______ and ______ for males
A. 1,200 calories B. 1,500 calories
__A___ states that each of us has a genetically predetermined body weight and that the body will resist change beyond this set point. The hormone __B__ is involved.
A. Set point theory B. leptin
List (A) the three types of FATS, (B) at least 2 of their functions, and (C) at least 2 common sources of the nutrient in the diet.
A. Triglycerides, cholesterol and phospholipids B. Energy source, structure, and regulation C. fats, oils, meats, and dairy products; (few fruits/vegetables like avocado, olives or coconuts)
Briefly explain the term "aging" in relation to adults and when the process begins.
Adults experience physical and physiological changes that occur in body structure and functions. These changes begin after the age of 30.
A friend recently had her annual physical, and her doctor informed her that her Vitamin D levels were too low. As a nurse, she comes to you for advice on what foods to consume to increase her vitamin D intake. Provide 4 examples of foods that are rich in Vitamin D.
All of the following are good sources of Vitamin D- fatty fish, fortified cereals, eggs, butter, fortified milk and yogurt.
Other than weight and location of fat, name at least 2 other important indicators of obesity.
Amount (percentage) of body fat, waist circumference, waist-to-hip-ratio
Briefly explain why an infant would be considered preterm.
An infant born prior to 37 weeks of gestation is considered preterm. The length of a normal pregnancy is approximately 40 weeks.
Which of the following statements is/are true. Choose all that apply. -Both formula and breastmilk meet the infant's needs -Breastfeeding is linked to a lower risk of diabetes for both mom and baby =Formula is more economical than breastfeeding -Breastfeeding is always easy for mom and baby
Both formula and breastmilk meet the infant's needs Breastfeeding is linked to a lower risk of diabetes for both mom and baby
Which of the following is/are true regarding calorie needs during pregnancy? Choose all that apply. -Calorie needs increase by 20% in the second and third trimester -During pregnancy a women is eating for two -Nutrient needs increase by 100% -Vitamins and minerals supply additional calories
Calorie needs increase by 20% in the second and third trimester
List a health risk associated with being underweight: -Diabetes -Cardiovascular disease -Metabolic syndrome -Delayed wound and illness healing -Atherosclerosis
Delayed wound and illness healing
What does DASH stand for?
Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension
Mick has decided to eat more fruits and vegetables to improve his overall health and hopefully lose weight. He has purchased a high speed blender and is making fruit and vegetable smoothies. However, he is not seeing the results on the scale that he thought he would. Why might smoothies not be helpful to his weight loss goals?
Drinks can have high calories but not lead to a feeling of fullness or satiety, so people will also ingest food as well, and exceed their calorie intake or allowance for weight loss and maintenance.
A fat is an organic micronutrient that functions to regulate body processes and provide structure.
FALSE: Fat is an organic MACROnutrient that functions to regulate body processes and provide structure
Low blood sugar levels are referred to as hyperglycemia.
FALSE: Low blood sugar levels are referred to as hypoglycemia
Nurture is the influence of genetic factors that play a role in body composition
FALSE: Nature is the influence of genetic factors that play a role in body composition OR nurture is the influence of environmental factors that play a role in body composition.
Minerals promote growth and development, maintain tissues and cells, fuel the body for physical and metabolic work, and regulate body processes.
FALSE: Nutrients promote growth and development, maintain tissues and cells, fuel the body for physical and metabolic work, and regulate body processes
Vitamins help to regulate and support a variety of processes including digestive processes, absorption and being an energy source.
False, Vitamins help to regulate and support a variety of processes including digestive processes, absorption and metabolism.
Healthy People is a government program designed to improve the nation's health, and the objectives are updated every 5 years.
False: Healthy People is a government program designed to improve the nation's health, and the objectives are updated every 10 years.
Nutrition is the science that links foods to health and weight
False: Nutrition is the science that links foods to health and disease.
Nutritional value and taste are often the 2 most important reasons specific foods are consumed in North America
False: Taste and texture are often the 2 most important reasons specific foods are consumed in North America.
Emily is in her first trimester of pregnancy and is concerned about a special health concern that her cousin experienced, Gestational Diabetes. Explain how insulin can be affected by pregnancy and its effect on blood glucose.
Hormones interfere with insulin production so it is insufficient to transport glucose from the blood to cells. This causes blood glucose to rise.
One of your patient's reports a reduced sense of smell. You suspect a zinc deficiency and explain that a reduced sense of smell is a condition called ______________________
Hyposmia (Anosmia is complete loss of smell)
Water found inside a cell is considered ________________; water as part of the blood is considered ______________.
Intracellular, Extracellular
Explain the term Intuitive Eating.
Intuitive eating is learning to listen to internal cues on hunger and satiety.
Explain why it is easier to get omega 6 in a typical diet than omega 3.
It has to do with the types of foods the essential fatty acids are present in. Omega 6 is present in vegetable oils and is more prevalent and convenient to obtain in our diets.
you are volunteering with a medical relief group in a developing nation. A young child presents with edema in the legs and abdomen, a fatty liver, and his mother reports recent changes to his skin and hair. What type of malnutrition is he most likely suffering from
Kwashiorkor
Describe why LDL is considered a marker of cardiovascular health. Explain where it is made, it's main components and function in your answer.
LDL is a remnant of VLDL that forms in the blood as VLDL loses its triglyceride content, it is mostly made of cholesterol and some triglyceride, and it's function is to transport cholesterol to the body's cells. Since it is already full of cholesterol, high levels indicate poor cardiovascular health as the excess cholesterol builds up in arteries.
Jill considers herself a vegetarian, and you observe her eating a salad with feta cheese, boiled eggs and a creamy dressing made with buttermilk. What type of diet is this considered.
Lacto-ovo vegetarian
Sarcopenia is a loss of what type of tissue?
Lean muscle or muscle mass
List 3 hormones associated with satiety. Explain how at least 1 works to decrease hunger.
Leptin -alerts the brain to turn off the hunger center and activates the satiety center when consuming a meal. Serotonin - affects motility and communicates with the brain for satiety. Cholecystokinin (CCK) - slows down stomach emptying to give a feeling of fullness (also increases bile production and release from gallbladder)
Jake is an active thirty year old male. During his physical he comments that he is often thirsty. He wants to know how much fluid he should have daily. Explain to Jake the general recommendations for total fluid intake and the amount from fluids alone for males
Males require 15 total cups of total fluid daily and 13 of these should come from fluid alone
Each of the following are Psychosocial factors related to aging except: -Depression -Dementia -Medications -Social isolation
Medications
Match the following health message with the correct concept. The health messages conveyed by the MyPlate illustrates the concepts of: -balance -Moderation -Variety
Moderation-Increase consumption of some groups and limit consumption of others Balance-Calorie and portion size variety-Consume all food groups
List 3 organs of the gastrointestinal tract and state their functions
Mouth - hold and mechanically digests food Esophagus - passageway for food Stomach - Hold volume of food and mechanically and chemically digests it Small intestine - Site of digestion and absorption of nutrients Large intestine - Reabsorbs water and some vitamins Rectum - Passes undigested foodstuffs from the body
What term describes the state when protein loss is greater than intake?
Negative protein balance
Match the Vitamin to the deficiency. Niacin Folate Riboflavin Vitamin b12
Niacin-Pellagra Folate-Spina Bifida Riboflavin-Cheilosis vitamin b12-Pernicious Anemia
Jen rarely eats breakfast or lunch. She has her main meal around 5 O'Clock then takes a bag of chips to the coach to munch on while watching TV. She goes to bed around 11 but Jen normally awakens around 2 am and has a snack before falling back asleep. Which eating disorder would you choose as her diagnosis? -Binge Eating Disorder -Bulimia Nervosa -Night Eating Syndrome -Anorexia Nervosa
Night Eating Syndrome
What is the definition of a nonessential amino acid?
Nonessential amino acids can be manufactured by the body or converted from other existing matter. There 11 are nonessential amino acids.
You bring your teenage nephew to lunch at the mall food court. He decides to get a soda and bag of chips. You suggest he also try a vegetable and rice bowl as a more nutrient dense option. How would you explain the difference between nutrient dense and empty calorie foods to him?
Nutrient-dense foods are those with a high amount of vitamins and minerals, along with the macronutrients that can be used as fuel. Empty calorie foods are high in calories but contain little vitamins or minerals, so they have lower nutrient value.
Explain the process of Enrichment and why it is necessary during food processing.
Nutrients are lost in the milling process. Enrichment is the process of adding them back to the final food product.
The Paleolithic or Caveman Diet (aka Paleo) is based on the idea that human ancestors up to 10,000 years ago ate a very different diet than our modern one, and a change back to the type of eating of our ancestors will help dieters to lose weight by decreasing appetite and increasing energy by matching our eating to our genes. During the paleolithic period, people were hunter gatherers, so any food commonly farmed would be eliminated, thus dieters cannot consume diary, legumes, refined sugar, salt, potatoes, processed foods or grains. Along with weight loss, the diet touts improved glucose tolerance, blood pressure control, lower triglycerides and appetite management. Because of the need of fresh fruits and vegetables, nuts and seeds and wild, grass-fed or unfarmed meats, the paleo diet can be very expensive to maintain. Celebrities like Jack Osbourne, Megan Fox and Jessica Biel are rumored to eat via the Paleo diet. Part 1: Is the Paleo diet a fad diet? List at least 3 pieces of evidence to support your answer. Part 2: Based on the description of the diet, what type of diet category (calorie restriction, low fat, low carb, novelty) does it fit? Explain your answer.
Part 1: Yes, options for evidence include: quick weight loss, celebrity endorsement, limited selection of foods, expensive , cure all, does not recognize role of exercise Part 2: Low Carbohydrate because of the grain restrictions
Describe the difference between positive and negative energy balance.
Positive energy balance occurs if more energy (calories) are consumed than expended, whereas negative energy balance occurs if fewer calories are consumed than are expended.
List at least 3 items that are typically presented on a food product.
Product name Name and address of the manufacturer Serving size Amount of product in the package Ingredient listed in descending order Nutrition facts
Which macromolecule type plays a role in giving structure, providing movement, and is a form of hormones and enzymes?
Proteins
What form of vitamin A is Beta-carotene considered to be?
Provitamin A or Carotenoids (either answer is appropriate)
Match the following characteristics to the correct eating disorder: -Bulimia Nervosa Anorexia Nervosa Self denial of food leads to feeling empowered -Food provides comfort
Self denial of food leads to feeling empowered Anorexia Nervosa Food provides comfort Bulimia Nervosa Difficulty controlling impulses Bulimia Nervosa Very competitive and obsessive Anorexia Nervosa Rituals involving food and calorie counting Anorexia Nervosa Normal weight for height is typical Bulimia Nervosa
Choose the statement that best describes Disordered Eating. -Long term excessive food restrictions -Includes a diagnosis of Anorexia nervosa -Short term change in normal eating habits -Body acceptance but makes diet changes
Short term change in normal eating habits
Patrick was comparing two nutrition labels for snacks at the grocery store. Snack #1 had 168 calories per serving and 7 g of total fat, while Snack #2 had 195 calories and 5 g of fat. Which snack would be the better choice for Patrick's weight loss goals and why?
Snack #1 because when looking at labels and comparing products, remember that calories are important, regardless of whether they come from fat, carbohydrates, or protein.
Intracellular water volume relies on _______and ________ concentrations.
Sodium, chloride
How does one's iron status impact the absorption of iron? Provide an example of an individual who would experience increased iron absorption.
Someone who is deficient in iron will have increased absorption. An individual who is going through a period of growth (infants, children and teens), an individual who is anemic (low iron levels) and pregnancy.
Paul is in high school and participates in several sports. He does not like the taste of water and prefers sports beverages. Discuss two benefits of drinking sports beverages that you would share with Paul.
Sports beverages contain carbohydrates that supply energy, easily absorbed source of energy, replaces electrolytes (sodium and potassium)
Match the following definition to the correct aging process. Usual Aging Successful Aging Physical and physiological changes that occur as one ages not related to poor diet and lifestyle habits
Successful Aging
For individuals with a BMI of >30, drastic weight loss measures can be taken like surgery. Explain how bariatric surgery works to help someone lose weight and name a specific example and how it works.
Surgeries can restrict the size of the stomach so larger quantities of food make the patient uncomfortable or sick. Gastric banding is when an adjustable gastric band can be inflated or deflated to control the size of the stomach Gastroplastic or stomach stapling works by reducing the stomach capacity and bypassing a small portion of the small intestine Gastric balloon is an additional approach for weight loss surgery. A gastric balloon is made out of soft silicone and the deflated form is inserted through your esophagus into the stomach.
List a dietary treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS).
Therapy includes frequent small meals, low fat meals, high fiber intake, probiotics, and avoiding foods that trigger symptoms: gas producing foods (such as beans), milk products, alcohol, caffeine, and fat.
Explain the difference between undernutrition and malnutrition.
Undernutrition is a specific state when nutrient intake does not meet the needs of the body. Malnutrition relates to the ill-effects of an unbalanced diet and can come from either undernutrition or overnutrition.
What is the most common form of malnutrition among the poor?
Undernutrition is the most common form of malnutrition.
Minerals contain both water and fat soluble forms.
Vitamins contain both water and fat soluble forms.
When establishing an exercise program, each of the following are true except: -The focus should be on disease prevention -Rewards can be a good incentive -Weighing oneself is important -Lack of knowledge can hinder your progress -Exercises to improve flexibility and balance should be part of the routine
Weighing oneself is important
Which of the following is linked to physical activity? Select all that apply. Decreased stress level Mood improvement Increased productivity Maintained bone health
all the above
Which of the following populations would not be advised to use the general BMI? Select all that apply: Children Pregnant/breastfeeding moms Short stature adults Muscular individuals elderly
all the above
Which enzyme primarily digests starch: -lactose -sucrase -amylase -maltase
amylase
Name the vitamin that iron absorption and immunity are dependent upon.
c
Match the mineral to its function. -chloride -phosphorus -potassium magnessium
chloride-Important for extracellular fluid control phosphorus-Important for blood clotting, teeth and bone structure potassium-Nerve impulse and muscle contractions magnessium-A key component in the production of ATP, DNA and RNA
List 1 dietary treatment for heartburn:
eating smaller meals that are low in fat, chewing food well, avoiding overeating, and limiting coffee, tea, alcohol and certain spices waiting 2 hours after a meal before lying down sleep with the head of the bed elevated
Which of the ABCDE's of nutritional assessment has to do with review of the person's living conditions, and background history? -dietary -biochemical -anthropometric -environmental
environmental
Which of the 6 nutrient classes are sources of energy? (Select all that apply): -water -fat -carbs -minerals -protein -vitamins
fat carbs protein
Dana is a 4-year old who wants chicken nuggets at every meal. By definition, the desire to eat the same food at each meal is called a ____________.
food jag
Match the sugar to its common source or characteristic: -fructose -lactose -maltose -sucrose
fructose-Sweetest tasting sugar found in fruit lactose-Found in milk maltose-Rarely found in food but used in liquor industry to convert sugar to alcohol sucrose-Found in table sugar, honey and maple syrup
The process of ______ is when the body converts protein derived from muscle into glucose for fuel. -glycogenolysis -proteolysis -glycogenesis -preteogenesis -gluconeogenesis
gluconeogenesis
Glycogen is broken down into -amino acids -glucose -disaccharides -triglycerides -polysaccharides
glucose
Jeff weighed 6 pounds at birth. If he has adequate nutrition and is growing at a normal pattern, Jeff should weigh approximately how many pounds at 6 months?
he will double so 12 pounds
DETERMINE can be used to evaluate what?
if an elderly is at risk for malnutrition
During World War 1, the medical community noted an increase in the number of individuals diagnosed with Goiter. This led to a mandatory fortification program. Salt must now be fortified with what?
iodide
Jake is 5 months old. You have started to offer baby cereal on a spoon, but Jake continues to push the food out of his mouth. What is the name for what Jake is doing, and why is it occurring?
jake is experiencing the Extrusion reflex, and is not ready to eat the cereal.
Which of the following is an inorganic micronutrient? -carbs -vitamins -minerals -proteins -water
minerals
Macronutrient
needed in large amounts in the body
Micronutrient
needed in small amounts in the body
Which type of diffusion can move substances easily in and out of cells down concentration gradients through the cell membrane? -facilitaed diffusion -passive diffusion -active transport -osmosis
passivve
Which of the following should be avoided because of a choking hazard in young children? Select all that apply. hamburgers popcorn hot dogs excess juice
popcorn and hotdogs
List 2 common mineral deficiencies in the diets of school age children.
Calcium, iron and zinc are all correct
If carbohydrate intake is inadequate to meet energy needs during pregnancy, what byproduct is produced and why?
Ketones are produced. Fat is being used as the energy source because there is not enough energy from carbohydrates.
The type of fatty acid is dependent on the bonds that link the oxygen units together
false: The type of fatty acid is dependent on the bonds that link the carbon units together.
The general name given to minerals required in relatively large quantities is____ minerals
macro
