nutrition final

Healthy weight women while pregnant gains

25-35 lb

A pound of body fat provides about

3500 kcals

Folate and iron

50% higher than before she became pregnant.

Which substances can be metabolized for ATP production?

Glucose

The weight loss medication orlistat (Alli) does what?

Reduces fat absorption

is the primary function of adipose cells

Storing fat

What activities are generally classified as a flexibility exercise?

Stretching activities

In the first 6 months

baby doubles weight and grows 50%

Underweight

below 18.5

Viruses

cause infection

Decrease in grehlin

helps lose weight safely

Increased metabolic rate (lean body mass)

increase weight loss

Increased age

increased body fat, decrease metabolic rate

Human milk is source of

lips, cholesterol, fatty acids, contains iron and zinc

30 to 39.9

obese

Low fat diet

only 5 to 10% of fat, rapid weight loss, difficult for long term

25 to 29.9

overweight

Molds

simple microbes, live on dead organic matter

Bacteria

single cell microorganism

Protists

single cell, plants, animals, fungi, in water

Is breastfeeding more economical than formula feeding?

yes

Where does leptin come from and what is its function?

Fat cells secrete, reduces hunger, inhibits fat storage (increase leptin = obese)

Human milk is a rich source of

antibodies and immune cells

What is often lacking in the diets of older adults, especially elderly women

calcium, vitamin D, other micro nutrients

Rita BMI is 42.3. She is disgusted with herself because she eats excessive amounts of food, even when she's not hungry. However, the idea of purging to eliminate the calories does not appeal to her. Based on this information, Lilly has

binge eating disorder

You can improve your children's eating habits

by avoid nagging about eating certain foods, offer variety of healthy foods

Adjustable gastric banding

don't lose as much weight, easier and reversible

ATP

is the primary source of direct energy for cells

May over feed with

formula

Anisakis

is a type of tiny worm that can be transferred to humans who eat raw or undercooked fish. (Tickling sensation is throat, vomiting, abdominal pain)

Determining BMI

lb/(in^2) X703

Conditions associated with the female athlete triad include

low energy intake, abnormal menstrual cycle, less bone minerals, stress fractures

Leptin

made my adipose cells, regulates energy balance by inhibiting hunger

While in class, Barry can't seem to sit still. He constantly taps his feet on the floor and frequently shifts his position. The energy Barry uses for these involuntary movements is classified as

nonexercise activity thermogenesis

Breast milk is

not a complete food (not enough vitamin D, iron and fluoride)

Some women crave non-food items during pregnancy. This behavior is called

pica

Eclampsia

seizures

cooked chicken is safe to serve when its internal temperature reaches

165

Pathogenic bacteria are likely to multiply rapidly when environmental temperatures are between

40-140

By performing exercise regularly, people can reduce their risk of what diseases?

CVD, type 2 diabetes, cancer

What happens to our metabolism with aging?

Metabolic rate decreases

Which foods are likely to be a source of Salmonella?

Raw meats, seafood, eggs, raw vegetables

People who have bulimia nervosa typically avoid gaining weight after bingeing on food by doing what?

Vomiting

Protein is not

a quick energy source

What is the "set point theory"?

body fat is genetically determined

Fat-Free mass

body water, mineral rich tissues like bones

Subcutaneous

fat insulates the body and protects muscles and bones from bumps and bruises

Preeclampsia

high blood pressure and protein in urine

What stimulates milk production by certain cells in the breast?

prolactin

Low carb diet

rapid weight loss because losing water, not sure if safe for longer than a year

In the United States which population are more likely to be obese than other adults

Hispanic and black

What is thyroid hormones function?

Increases metabolic function

What activities are generally classified as aerobic?

Long distance running and cycling

Where does grehlin come from and what is its function?

Secreted by stomach when empty decrease grehlin, decrease weight

What activities are generally classified as a strength (resistance) exercise?

Weight training

What formulas is the best way to estimate your total daily energy needs accurately?

__lb / 2.2 lb = kg X by .9 or 1 X24 = kcal/day

High carb, low fat

aerobic activity, running

Low carb, high fat

aerobic activity, walking

John's BMI is 32.4, his waist circumference is 44 inches and his hip circumference is 40 inches. Based on this information, his body fat distribution is associated with a high risk of

cardiovascular disease

During the first few days after giving birth, the new mother's breasts produce

colostrum

Skin fold thickness measurements

depth of subcutaneous fat, may underestimate is you're obese

Many sports organizations have banned the use of

ergogenic aids

Bioelectrical impedance

estimates body fat by electrical pulse, fat tissue contains less water so fat slows it down. Only works is hydrated

Visceral

fat is located deep within the abdominal region and protects digestive organs.

18.5 to 24.9

healthy

Pregnant women generally need to take a supplement that contains

iron and folate

What foods are usually recommended as the first solid food for infants

iron fortified infant cereal made from rice or barely

BMI

limitations muscle is more dense than fat

Bariatric

limits the amount of food a person can eat at one time (surgical procedure).

Basal metabolism includes energy needs for

minimal calories body used for vital activities after resting

Worms

multicellular, harmful

Protein rich tissues

muscle and liver

Mike's body is shaped like a pear, because his excess body fat is distributed mostly below his waist. His body fat distribution is associated with

osteoarthritis

Katy is following a safe and medically sound weight loss program to lose 20 pounds. According to this information, her program suggests what

regular physical activity

Adipose cells

release fat into bloodstream when energy is needed

Catabolic reaction

releases energy

Conventional farming creates problems for the environment. An international team of experts proposed some steps to help solve such problems, including

stop expanding agriculture activities, improve crop yield on existing farms, use natural resources and pesticides more effectively, eat less meat

Belvia and qsymia

suppress hunger

Risk factors for eating disorders include

tooth decay, bleeding in throat, depression, obesity/under weight

People with central-body obesity are more likely to develop than people who do not have excess fat in the midsection of their bodies.

type 2 diabetes

Impoverished children who live in developing countries have a high risk of dying from

under nutrition

What is the gradual process of shifting a baby from breastfeeding or bottle feeding to drinking from a cup and eating solid foods

weaning

fresh pork be cooked until its internal temperature is at

145

Infants are physically ready to start eating solid foods when they

6 months

The is a numerical value that's based on the relationship between weight and risk of chronic health problems associated with excess body fat

BMI

The toxin ____ can cause blurry vision, muscle weakness, difficulty swallowing and even death.

Clostridium botulinum (Vacuum-packed foods, improperly canned foods)

Which steps can he take to reduce this likelihood of food borne illness?

Cook foods to proper temperature, select frozen food last when shopping, check best by date, pasteurized milk, only purchase for the week, keep eggs in carton, don't cross meats

What are pathogens?

Disease causing agents, cause vomiting, diarrhea, cramps

Which of the following U.S. government agencies regulates the proper use of pesticides?

EPA