Nutrition final

Protease inhibitors work by

inhibiting the enzyme protease

Mr. Brady has chronic kidney disease. He is 55 years of age, weighs 165 lbs, and has a GFR of 22mL/min. His estimated energy needs per day are approximately

2625kcal/d

Symptoms that may occur during the asymptomatic HIV infection stage infection

A short bout of flulike syndrome

The bone disease osteodystrophy develops because of the kidney's inability to

Activate vitamin D

Ms. Jones comes to the emergency department with a severe drug reaction to penicillin. She may be at risk for

Acute kidney failure

The sudden shutdown of kidney function as the result of traumatic injury is called

Acute kidney failure

Nephrotic syndrome , or nephrosis, is a disease that

Allows large amounts of protein to escape into the tubule

Patients who receive chemotherapeutic drugs often develop

Anemia

For patients with uric acid stones, health practitioners may recommend a diet low in

Animal potein

The hormone that causes the kidneys to reabsorb water and decrease urine production is

Antidiuretic hormone

For patients with cancer, a good source of dietary protein could be

Applesauce

Mr. T has been undergoing treatment for cancer and has not felt like eating all day and complains of much discomfort and pain. Of the following which may be an intimal intervention to assist in increasing his appetite?

Assessing pain and discomfort and providing pain relief measures

An HIV-positive patient should be referred to the clinical dietitian on the AIDS team

At the first contact with a health professional

The cells responsible for synthesis and secretion of antibodies are the

B cells

Nutrition support is a vital care component throughout the progression of HIV infection because of its role in

Controlling involuntary weight loss and tissue wasting

An appropriate intervention for a patient with neutropenia would be to

Cook food items immediately after thawing

Patients who receive chemotherapy drug often develop anemia because the drugs

Damage the bone marrow

Clinical symptoms associated with chronic kidney disease do not include

Diabetes mellitus

The "cleaning solution" used in hemodialysis is called the

Dialysis

A diabetic diet involves a combination of specific foods that should remain constant

False

Chronic complications occur in a relatively small number of people with diabetes

False

Insulin is a hormone that is produced by the pituitary gland

False

Most people with type 2 diabetes are underweight when the disease is diagnosed

False

People with unstable type 1 diabetes should follow a low-carbohydrate diet for better control

False

The two energy-yielding nutrients whose metabolism is most severely affected in patients with diabetes are fat and protein

False

Ordinarily the cell operates in an orderly fashion under the influence of the

Genetic code

The structure responsible for filtering the blood is the

Glomerulus

Of the following, a side effect of protease inhibitors is

Hyperglycemia

One of the first recommendations for any type of kidney stone is to

Increase fluid intake

The nutrition care plan for AIDS patients is

Individualized and continually adjusted throughout th course of the disease

The point at which a mutagen causes irreversible damage to DNA is referred to as

Initiation

The counteract the hypermetablolic state of cancer, it is important to increase the intake of

Kilocalories

The massive edema of nephrotic syndrome is caused by

Large protein losses in the urine

A fundamental effect of HIV infection is

Major weight loss

Patients with chronic renal disease may need to restrict heir intake of foods high in phosphorus such as

Milk, nuts, and legumes

Medical nutrition therapy for nephrotic syndrome includes

Moderate protein intake

Category 2 CD4 T-Lymphocyte values are defined as

More than 200 cells/uL

A major systemic effect of cancer is

Negative nitrogen balance

The microscopic functional units of the units of the kidney are called

Nephrons

Symptoms of chronic kidney failure include

Nitrogen retention

Given a functional gastrointestinal tract, the preferred method of feeding a patient with cancer is

Normal oral intake

Disease conditions that can interfere with normal nephron function include

Obstruction and infection

A major clinical symptom of acute kidney failure is

Oliguria

Mucositis is an inflammation of the

Oral mucosa

The method of dialysis that allows patients to be mobile is

Peritoneal dialysis

The primary goal in nutrition care of patients with cancer is to

Prevent malnutrition

The classic symptoms of chronic kidney failure result from

Progressive loss of nephrons

Guidelines for counseling a person with HIV infection include

Promoting optimal nutrition while making fewest food changes.

The nutrient primarily responsible for maintaining tissue integrity and immunocompetence is/are

Protein

The patient treated by peritoneal dialysis can increase ___intake

Protein

Classic symptoms of acute glomerulonephritis include

Proteinuria

The presence of protein in the urine is called

Proteinuria

Cancer therapy that uses radiative isotopes is

Radiation

Factors associated with the development of cancer include

Radiation exposure

List conditions that are potential long-term complications of uncontrolled diabetes

Retinopathy, Nephropathy, Neuropathy, Heart diease

For patients treated with dialysis, a good source if protein could be

Scrambled eggs

if salivary secretions are reduced or absent, it may be most helpful to

Serve food in semiliquid form

The capacity of the immune system is compromised by

Serve malnutrition with atrophy of organs and tissues

Carbohydrates and fats are important in the diets of patients with kidney disease because they

Spare protein for tissue synthesis

Glomerulonephritis or nephritic syndrome is one of the causes of

Stage 5 CKD or ESRD

The caloric value of the diet for a person with diabetes should be

Sufficient to maintain the person' appropriate lean weight

The cells that activate the phagocytes are the

T cells

The cellular component of the immune system that is derived from the thymus is the

T cells

The type of diet recommended for a person with a calcium stone depends on

The composition of the stone

Carbohydrate counting is based on which of the following principles ?

The insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio

Which of the following describes a disadvantage of abdominal radiation?

The structure and function of the bowel may be adversely affected

Acetone in the urine of a person with diabetes usually indicated that the diabetes is poorly controlled

True

Coronary artery disease occurs in people with diabetes at a higher rate than that seen in the general population

True

Insulin action is influenced by both glucagon and somatostatin

True

People with type 1 diabetes are taught to test their own blood glucose daily and to regulate their insulin, food, and exercise accordingly

True

Oral hypoglycemic agents are used for individuals with which kind of diabetes?

Type 2 diabetes

Azotemia refers to elevated blood levels of

Urea

The most common type of kidney stone is composed of

Calcium

A progressive increase in serum urea levels occurs in

Chronic kidney failure

The bone disease called osteodystrophy is associated with

Chronic renal failure