nutrition final
Mr. Bradley is a 70-year-old man with a long medical history including uncontrolled diabetes mellitus since age 45 who presents to the West Smithtown Dialysis Center with new-onset end-stage kidney disease. Mr. Bradley lives in an assisted living facility where he receives full-time nursing care. As a dialysis nurse, your role is to review the nutrition guidelines with Mr. Bradley, who has diabetic retinopathy and loss of vision. He is a non-ambulatory war veteran, former smoker, and former alcohol abuser whose BMI is normal, though he has lost 3% of his body weight since being diagnosed with kidney failure one month ago. A food frequency questionnaire shows that Mr. Bradley generally meets his recommended intakes of all food groups, but his fiber intake is low, and his dairy foods consumption exceeds the recommendation by double due to his love of milk, ice cream, cheese, and other dairy products. Mr. Bradley's comprehension of the need for a lower-phosphorus diet is reflected by which statement? a) "I will need to avoid legumes" b) "I will need to limit dairy products" c) "I will need to eat fewer fatty meats" d) "becoming a vegetarian would best meet my protein needs" e) "I can eat all the bread I want"
"I will need to limit dairy products"
compared to the typical american diet, the DASH diet provides? a) more saturated fats b) fewer whole grains c) more meat and poultry d) more fruits and vegetables e) fewer dairy products
more fruits and vegetables
Mr. Bradley is a 70-year-old man with a long medical history including uncontrolled diabetes mellitus since age 45 who presents to the West Smithtown Dialysis Center with new-onset end-stage kidney disease. Mr. Bradley lives in an assisted living facility where he receives full-time nursing care. As a dialysis nurse, your role is to review the nutrition guidelines with Mr. Bradley, who has diabetic retinopathy and loss of vision. He is a non-ambulatory war veteran, former smoker, and former alcohol abuser whose BMI is normal, though he has lost 3% of his body weight since being diagnosed with kidney failure one month ago. A food frequency questionnaire shows that Mr. Bradley generally meets his recommended intakes of all food groups, but his fiber intake is low, and his dairy foods consumption exceeds the recommendation by double due to his love of milk, ice cream, cheese, and other dairy products. What principle regarding fluid is correctly conveyed to Mr. Bradley? a) "water losses from the skin and lungs are deducted from your fluid allowance" b) "your average fluid gain between dialysis treatment should ideally be 10 pounds" c) "most of your fluid intake should come when you take your medications" d) "solid foods do not contribute to your fluid intake" e) "gelatin, soups, fruit ices, and fruit juice bars contribute to your fluid intake"
"gelatin, soups, fruit ices, and frozen fruit bars contribute to your fluid intake"
the nurse is instructing a client on a diet for the treatment of hypertension. the nurse recognizes that the client understands his diet when he says? a) "i can freely use salt substitutes and low-sodium products" b) "i can eat what i want as long as i exercise" c) i don't need to be concerned about the amount of alcohol i drink" d) "i can eat any foods i want in moderate amounts" e) "i need to increase my intake of fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and milk products"
"i need to increase my intake of fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and milk products"
during the later stages of chronic kidney disease, the recommended protein intake is __ grams per kilogram of body weight per day? a) 0.6 to 0.75 b) 1.2 to 1.55 c) 1.0 to 1.2 d) 0.8 to 1.0 e) 0.2 to 0.4
0.6 to 0.75
when checking laboratory values for electrolyte levels, the normal range for serum sodium should be between? a) 3.5 to 5.1 mEq/L b) 98 to 106 mEq/L c) 7 to 35 mEq/L d) 158 to 178 mEq/L e) 136 to 146 mEq/L
136 to 146 mEq/L
Carmen, age 34, has had hypertension since she was a teenager, as do many members of her immediate family. At a visit to the doctor one year ago after her twin brother had suffered an acute episode of hypertension requiring hospitalization, Carmen decided to seriously attempt to reduce her sodium and salt intakes. She has successfully mastered a low-sodium diet by: eliminating the use of a salt shaker; ordering fresh, no-salt-added foods in restaurants; avoiding salty condiments; avoiding ready-to-eat foods; and using herbs and salt-free seasonings. She has recently begun reading labels and following portions of the DASH diet. Her doctor tells her to expect a further reduction in her blood pressure if she can master the DASH diet. Carmen's daily sodium intake should not exceed _____ milligrams, as the DASH Eating Plan is even more effective when accompanied by a low sodium intake. a) 1000 b) 2500 c) 3000 d) 1500 e) 2000
1500
the client asks the nurse about the effects of physical activity on CHD risk. the nurse should tell the patient that? a) physical activity is not important in a program to reduce CHD risk b) weight training can dramatically raise HDL if undertaken regularly c) diet is ineffective against CHD risk if physical activity is not included in lifestyle changes d) a diet, rather than physical activity, should be the primary focus of reducing CHD risk e) 30 minutes of moderate exercise on most days can reverse many risk factors for CHD
30 minutes of moderate exercise on most days can reverse many risk factors for CHD
Betsy Winslow is a 62-year-old retired school teacher. She is 5'3" tall and weighs 155 pounds. Mrs. Winslow is a member of a walking group that meets three mornings a week. She walks two miles each morning. After experiencing episodes of chest pain and shortness of breath when walking, she made an appointment to see her physician. Her laboratory results are as follows: total cholesterol: 251 mg/dL; HDL cholesterol: 47 mg/dL; LDL cholesterol: 146 mg/dL; triglycerides: 203 mg/dL. Mrs. Winslow's 24-hour recall reveals the following intake: Breakfast: Scrambled eggs, bacon, toast with butter and jelly, 2% milk Lunch: Hamburger pizza, salad with Italian dressing, Coke Snack: 3 chocolate cookies, 2% milk Dinner: Fried chicken, mashed potatoes and gravy, buttered corn on the cob, sweet tea, coconut cake Snack: Ice cream How many diet-related major risk factors for coronary heart disease does Mrs. Winslow have? a) 1 b) 4 c) 5 d) 3 e) 2
4
a nurse is caring for a patient who was brought after suffering a stroke. ideally, thrombolytic drugs should be used within __ hours following an ischemic stroke to restore blood flow and prevent further brain damage? a) 8 b) 12 c) 1 d) 2.5 e) 4.5
4.5
desirable resting systolic blood pressure for adults is? a) <130 mmHg b) <105 mmHg c) <120 mmHg d) <140 mmHg e) <110 mmHg
<120 mmHg
the nurse realizes that malnutrition is a common problem among people who are hospitalized and that it is associated with? a) reduced health care costs b) high blood pressure c) lower mortality rates d) a weakened immune system e) fewer complications
a weakened immune system
which of the following is the least likely reason that osteoporosis is more prevalent in women? a) women have smaller bodies b) women have lower bone mass c) women consume less calcium d) bone loss begins later in women e) women lose more bone after menopause
bone loss begins later in women
weight gain due to fluid retention in a patient with liver cirrhosis can mask symptoms of? a) liver failure b) gallbladder disease c) heart failure d) obesity e) PEM
PEM
iron is important in the body because it is? a) an integral constituent of hemoglobin b) necessary for digestion of protein c) an antioxidant d) an integral part of bones and teeth e) needed for blood clotting
an integral constituent of hemoglobin
a patient has begun taking furosemide to manage heart failure. what food should the nurse recommend that the patient consume frequently while taking this drug? a) legumes b) cabbage c) peanut butter d) milk e) bananas
bananas
diseases of the heart and blood vessels are collectively referred to as? a) coronary artery disease b) cardiovascular disease c) coronary heart disease d) coronary vessel disease e) ischemic heart disease
cardiovascular disease
which factor may predispose an individual to kidney stone formation? a) recent gastrointestinal infection b) decreased tissue perfusion c) intake of food that contains tyrosine d) increased volume of urine output e) changes in urinary acidity
changes in urinary acidity
which of the following is a poor food source of iron? a) dried fruits b) cheese c) clams d) legumes e) enriched cereals
cheese
which of the following provides the least amount of potassium? a) broccoli b) potatoes c) bananas d) orange juice e) cheese
cheese
of the foods listed, the best source of phosphorus is? a) lettuce b) pears c) chicken d) noodles e) tofu
chicken
a diabetes-like condition may develop when which of the following is lacking in the diet? a) chromium b) iron c) molybdenum d) selenium e) zinc
chromium
what best describes a task of the registered dietician? a) administering total parenteral nutrition b) administering formula through feeding tubes c) prescribing diet orders d) making referrals for dietary counseling e) conducting nutrition assessments
conducting nutrition assessments
because of diuretic use and reduced physical activity, patients with heart failure are at higher risk of? a) diarrhea b) infection c) pressure sores d) delayed wound healing e) constipation
constipation
the best way to ensure an adequate intake of trace minerals is to? a) consume a variety of foods b) practice dietary adequacy c) make sure your diet is sufficient in vitamins d) eat foods containing the major minerals e) consume supplements
consume a variety of foods
a patient's lipid profile shows elevated total cholesterol and LDL. the nurse recommends which nutrition interventions to help the patient manage his cholesterol? a) eat more protein b) eat less fiber c) consume less polyunsaturated fat d) consume more trans fat e) consume less saturated fat
consume less saturated fat
in order to increase the amount of iron absorbed from a meal, you would? a) drink plenty of coffee before each meal b) avoid eating foods rich in vitamin c with the meal c) eat a calcium-rich food with the meal d) consume orange juice as a beverage with a meal e) consume tea as a beverage with a meal
consume orange juice as a beverage with a meal
manifestations of nephrotic syndrome include? a) dehydration b) uremia c) infection d) low blood lipids e) poor peripheral pulses
infection
an elderly male is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of malnutrition three months after his wife died. this situation describes which criteria that identify malnutrition risk? a) history of chronic illness b) depression or social isolation c) age d) impaired mobility e) recent unintentional weight change
depression or social isolation
a common side effect of diuretic medications is? a) dry mouth b) urinary tract infection c) increased taste perception d) nausea e) increased appetite
dry mouth
what outcome from a stroke would most likely affect a patient's nutrition status? a) breathing difficulties b) urinary retention c) confusion d) headache e) dysphagia
dysphagia
a patient's lab results reveal hypoalbuminemia. the nurse realizes that this is likely to cause what in the patient? a) infection b) rickets c) hypertension d) edema e) altered blood lipids
edema
laboratory findings associated with acute kidney injury include abnormal levels of serum electrolytes and? a) elevated WBC count b) positive bacterial culture c) elevated GFR d) glycosuria e) elevated BUN
elevated BUN
a written account of foods and beverages consumed by a client over several days is called a nutrition diagnosis
false
fluid retention can cause lab values to be deceptively high, whereas dehydration may cause the values to be deceptively low
false
the plaque that develops from atherosclerosis is made up of? a) red blood cells b) high-density lipoproteins c) enzymes d) white blood cells e) fibrous connective tissue
fibrous connective tissue
among people who are ill, significant weight loss may be masked by? a) dehydration b) a large tumor c) drug therapy d) hypotension e) fluid retention
fluid retention
what food intake method is most often used to monitor a client's response to and compliance with medical nutrition therapy? a) food frequency checklist b) nutrition data assessment c) usual intake record d) 24-hour recall e) food record
food record
which of these foods are richest in potassium? a) bread and cereals b) fresh fruit and vegetables c) milk and dairy products d) meats and meat substitutes e) fatty fish
fresh fruits and vegetables
when assessing for criteria that signify malnutrition risk, which element would most likely be included as part of the functional assessment data? a) severity of illness b) presence of pressure sores c) localized edema d) history of diabetes e) generalized weakness
generalized weakness
uric acid kidney stones are most commonly associated with what condition? a) diabetes b) hypercalcemia c) gout d) diarrhea e) atherosclerosis
gout
muscle weakness due to wasting would most likely be evaluated by which test? a) recall of food intake b) skinfold thickness c) handgrip strength d) red blood cell levels e) serum sodium
handgrip strength
iron is a component of which of the following proteins, responsible for transport of oxygen in the bloodstream? a) hemoglobin b) transferrin c) myoglobin d) hepcidin e) hemosiderin
hemoglobin
what dietary factor raises triglyceride levels? a) high refined carbohydrate intake b) low soluble fiber intake c) high iron intake d) low fat intake e) high protein intake
high refined carbohydrate intake
in the US, low iron intake is often associated with? a) low intake of fruits and vegetables b) pregnancy c) high sugar and fat intakes d) high protein intake e) low carbohydrate intake
high sugar and fat intakes
low levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) are? a) associated with underweight b) more prevalent in females c) highly predictive of CHD risk d) not a good predictor of CHD risk e) affiliated with hypertension and hemorrhagic stroke
highly predictive of CHD risk
which nursing diagnosis has nutritional implications? a) impaired dentition b) disruption of gas exchange c) self-esteem disturbance d) sleep pattern disturbance e) hyperthermia
impaired dentition
which medical problem is not generally associated with malnutrition? a) incontinence b) pressure sores c) celiac disease d) major surgery e) dementia
incontinence
what is an example of a symptom or effect of an illness that would likely lead to impaired digestion and absorption? a) restrictive diets b) use of diuretics c) depression d) chemotherapy e) insufficient secretion of bile salts
insufficient secretion of bile salts
in persons who are obese, weight reduction can improve such CHD risk factors as hypertension, blood lipid abnormalities, and? a) inflammation b) insulin resistance c) gastrointestinal motility disorders d) damage from cigarette smoking e) blood clots
insulin resistance
foods or supplements that contain significant amounts of plant sterols can help lower LDL cholesterol levels by? a) reducing cholesterol synthesis in the liver b) suppressing inflammation c) reducing blood clotting d) replacing intake of total cholesterol e) interfering with cholesterol and bile absorption
interfering with cholesterol and bile absorption
pica is a behavior seen in some people who are deficient in? a) sulfur b) iron c) sodium d) potassium e) chromium
iron
worldwide, the most common nutrient deficiency is? a) magnesium deficiency b) iron deficiency c) selenium deficiency d) zinc deficiency e) iodine deficiency
iron deficiency
a disadvantage to using a food frequency questionnaire is? a) it influences the food choices of the consumer b) it is affected by seasonal changes in the diet c) it is not effective for monitoring short-term changes in food intake d) it takes too long to obtain the results e) it is expensive to administer
it is not effective for monitoring short-term changes in food intake
atherosclerosis is dangerous to arterial function because? a) it diminishes central circulation while increasing circulation to the extremities b) it causes decreased blood pressure on artery walls c) it changes the heart rate d) it narrows the arterial lumen so a clot can easily block it e) it increases arterial elasticity
it narrows the arterial lumen so a clot can easily block it
what describes an advantage of peritoneal dialysis over hemodialysis? a) it can be used for longer periods b) its dialyzer is typically more effective c) it is less likely to cause infection d) it requires fewer dietary restrictions e) it is less likely to cause blood clots
it requires fewer dietary restrictions
when direct observations are used to generate an estimate of a client's current food intake, the procedure is called a? a) food diary b) 24-hour recall c) kcalorie count d) nutrient surveillance record e) food record
kcalorie count
the nurse in the dialysis unit understands that patients may experience various complications during hemodialysis. what describes a common complication during hemodialysis? a) confusion b) profuse sweating c) hypertension d) severe pain e) leg cramps
leg cramps
the best food sources of magnesium include? a) oils, bananas, and pork b) pizza, potatoes, and tomatoes c) milk, rice, and apples d) legumes, whole grains, and chocolate e) oranges, beef, and cheese
legumes, whole grains, and chocolate
the hallucinations commonly experienced during withdrawal from alcohol intoxication are believed to be due to a deficiency of? a) calcium b) potassium c) magnesium d) phosphorus e) iron
magnesium
one primary function of the kidneys is to? a) produce enzymes that protect the body from viral infections b) convert vitamin k to its active form c) aid in digestion of fats d) produce albumin e) maintain acid-base balance
maintain acid-base balance
plant stanols and sterols help to lower LDL are often added to food products such as a) margarine b) milk c) cereal d) yogurt e) bread
margarine
which food has the highest calcium content? a) soy products b) milk c) cereal grains d) dark green vegetables e) meats
milk
furosemide (lasix) is a drug used to? a) activate vitamin d b) stimulate appetite c) lower cholesterol d) mobilize fluids e) prevent PEM
mobilize fluids
a client is admitted to the ER and is found to have proteinuria, a low serum albumin, edema, and elevated blood lipids. the nurse recognizes these symptoms as those associated with? a) nephrotic syndrome b) acute kidney injury c) rejection of a kidney transplant d) renal colic e) kidney stones
nephrotic syndrome
Betsy Winslow is a 62-year-old retired school teacher. She is 5'3" tall and weighs 155 pounds. Mrs. Winslow is a member of a walking group that meets three mornings a week. She walks two miles each morning. After experiencing episodes of chest pain and shortness of breath when walking, she made an appointment to see her physician. Her laboratory results are as follows: total cholesterol: 251 mg/dL; HDL cholesterol: 47 mg/dL; LDL cholesterol: 146 mg/dL; triglycerides: 203 mg/dL. Mrs. Winslow's 24-hour recall reveals the following intake: Breakfast: Scrambled eggs, bacon, toast with butter and jelly, 2% milk Lunch: Hamburger pizza, salad with Italian dressing, Coke Snack: 3 chocolate cookies, 2% milk Dinner: Fried chicken, mashed potatoes and gravy, buttered corn on the cob, sweet tea, coconut cake Snack: Ice cream Mrs. Winslow has been advised to increase her intake of soluble fiber. What food is an example of a source of soluble fiber? a) oatmeal b) bran cereal c) carrots d) raisins e) potatoes with skin
oatmeal
which team member works with the client to evaluate need for special feeding devices and then teaches the client how to use the device? a) dietician b) speech-language pathologist c) dietetic technician d) occupational therapist e) physical therapist
occupational therapist
which mineral is a principal component of cell membranes? a) phosphorus b) magnesium c) iron d) iodine e) potassium
phosphorus
a nurse is working with a family who is concerned that their father is at risk of having a stroke. what is a risk factor for stroke that the nurse should include when educating the family? a) male gender b) history of a brain tumor c) elevated HDL cholesterol d) increased intake of sugar e) physical inactivity
physical inactivity
a patient's diet order is most often prescribed by? a) registered nurse b) physician c) registered dietetic technician d) occupational therapist e) registered dietician
physician
Carmen, age 34, has had hypertension since she was a teenager, as do many members of her immediate family. At a visit to the doctor one year ago after her twin brother had suffered an acute episode of hypertension requiring hospitalization, Carmen decided to seriously attempt to reduce her sodium and salt intakes. She has successfully mastered a low-sodium diet by: eliminating the use of a salt shaker; ordering fresh, no-salt-added foods in restaurants; avoiding salty condiments; avoiding ready-to-eat foods; and using herbs and salt-free seasonings. She has recently begun reading labels and following portions of the DASH diet. Her doctor tells her to expect a further reduction in her blood pressure if she can master the DASH diet. Carmen discovers that the DASH diet contains more fiber and ____ compared to that of the typical American diet. a) vitamin c b) iron c) potassium d) sodium e) vitamin d
potassium
people who regularly take prescription drugs such as steroids and diuretics are at risk for a deficiency of? a) potassium b) selenium c) iodine d) chloride e) calcium
potassium
reducing the amount of trans fat in the diet is an effective method of decreasing the risk of CHD. which food is most likely a source of trans fat? a) hot dogs b) whole milk c) fatty fish d) potato chips e) ice cream
potato chips
almost all (99%) of the calcium in the body is used to? a) regulate the transmission of nerve impulses b) provide energy for cells c) provide rigidity for the bones d) regulate muscle contraction e) reduce inflammation in the tissues
provide rigidity for the bones
amino acids containing which of the following minerals help to form the shape of protein? a) phosphorus b) sulfur c) selenium d) iron e) sodium
sulfur
Mrs. Smith is a 59-year-old African-American female who is 5' 2" tall and weighs 180 pounds. She is a smoker who engages in no physical activity, and her diet history shows a high intake of saturated fat and sodium as well as excess kcalories. Her lipid profile shows elevated LDL and decreased levels of HDL. In order to raise her HDL levels, the nurse recommends that Mrs. Smith? a) monitor her blood glucose levels b) quit smoking c) control her blood pressure d) take fish oils e) consume less sodium
quit smoking
what laboratory test would most likely aid in the diagnosis of anemia? a) total protein b) red blood cell count c) white blood cell count d) c-reactive protein e) blood urea nitrogen
red blood cell count
Carmen, age 34, has had hypertension since she was a teenager, as do many members of her immediate family. At a visit to the doctor one year ago after her twin brother had suffered an acute episode of hypertension requiring hospitalization, Carmen decided to seriously attempt to reduce her sodium and salt intakes. She has successfully mastered a low-sodium diet by: eliminating the use of a salt shaker; ordering fresh, no-salt-added foods in restaurants; avoiding salty condiments; avoiding ready-to-eat foods; and using herbs and salt-free seasonings. She has recently begun reading labels and following portions of the DASH diet. Her doctor tells her to expect a further reduction in her blood pressure if she can master the DASH diet. In order to follow the DASH Diet, Carmen should limit: a) red meat b) fatty fish c) foods high in potassium d) lactose-containing beverages e) starchy vegetables
red meat
magnesium's major functions in the body would be least likely to include which of the following? a) allowing muscles to relax after contraction b) assisting the operation of hundreds of enzymes c) synthesis of protein in the soft tissues d) regulation of immune system function e) regulation of body temperature
regulation of body temperature
bones continuously lose and gain minerals. this ongoing process is called? a) reorganization b) reorienting c) demineralizing d) redesigning e) remodeling
remodeling
people with only one arm or hand may benefit from using a __ when eating? a) dish with suction cups b) rocker knife c) utensil holder d) flexible straw e) two-handed cup
rocker knife
a good food source of iodine is? a) seafood b) lettuce c) broccoli d) pork e) bananas
seafood
what clinical sign is an indicator of good nutritional status? a) rough skin b) lack of fat under the skin c) shiny hair d) spoon-shaped nails e) smooth tongue
shiny hair
the risk of atherosclerosis increases with which risk factors? a) exercise b) excess sun exposure c) insufficient vaccinations d) smoking e) hypotension
smoking
which substance would most likely need to be restricted in patients with heart failure who use diuretics in order to help reduce fluid retention? a) potassium b) magnesium c) sodium d) chloride e) calcium
sodium
in patients with acute kidney injury, oliguria leads to? a) hypophosphatemia and overgrowth of bone tissue b) an increase in blood potassium levels due to excessive excretion of parathyroid hormone c) sodium retention and elevated levels of potassium d) edema due to increased urine production e) production of at least 800mL of urine per day
sodium retention and elevated levels of potassium
which type of assessment evaluates a person's risk of malnutrition by ranking key variables from the medical history and physical examination? a) katz index b) integrated assessment c) subjective global assessment d) nutrition care plan e) functional assessment
subjective global assessment
a 52 year old male patient recently required surgery for the removal of a large calcium oxalate stone. to prevent further stone formation, the nurse instructs him to consume plenty of fluids, but advises against drinking? a) apple juice b) tea c) orange juice d) coffee e) draft beer
tea
a patient with heart failure has developed cardiac cachexia as a result of the disease. the nurse understands that which medication would most likely be effective to reverse cardiac cachexia? a) spironolactone b) there is no treatment c) nicotinic acid d) furosemide e) digoxin
there is no treatment
what type of drug therapy may be given immediately after a heart attack? a) antilipemic drugs b) corticosteroids c) diuretics d) thrombolytic drugs e) antibiotics
thrombolytic drugs
The nurse is working with a patient who recently had a stroke. The patient frequently chokes and coughs when eating and is having difficulty feeding herself. The nurse understands that the best way to ensure adequate nutrition for the patient may be? a) to have an aid feed her each meal b) to ask a family member to be present at each meal c) to provide tube feedings for the patient d) to place the patient on TPN e) to change the patient's status to NPO until another solution can be found
to provide tube feedings for the patient
a patient who is following a low-sodium diet should avoid? a) canned fruit b) tortillas c) fresh meat d) milk e) tomato-based products
tomato-based products
what lab value responds to both PEM and iron status? a) c-reactive protein b) albumin c) prealbumin d) transferrin e) retinol-binding protein
transferrin
which of the following body processes is not dependent upon the presence of calcium in the body fluids? a) blood clotting b) transport of oxygen in the blood c) muscle contractions d) secretion of hormones e) transmission of nerve impulses
transport of oxygen in the blood
the four steps of the nutrition care process include nutrition assessment, nutrition diagnosis, nutrition intervention, and nutrition monitoring and evaluation
true
the medical history helps the clinician identify health problems or medical treatments that may interfere with food intake or require dietary changes
true
a patient presents with elevated BUN, creatinine, and blood pressure. he complains of fatigue, confusion, easy bruising, and pruritis. the nurse recognizes these as symptoms of? a) diuresis b) renal osteodystrophy c) uremia d) cystinuria e) gout
uremia
the nurse recognizes that an effective way to lower LDL cholesterol levels through meal preparation and intake is to? a) use solid vegetable shortening instead of margarine b) use butter instead of margarine c) use margarines made with plant sterols d) use reduced-fat margarine e) switch from butter or margarine
use margarines made with plant sterols
high intakes of which of the following interfere with copper absorption and can lead to a deficiency? a) chromium b) sodium c) zinc d) manganese e) iron
zinc
which mineral is essential for wound healing? a) iodine b) chromium c) zinc d) sulfate e) potassium
zinc
