Nutrition Midterm

If a client has been maintaining a stable, healthy body weight by consuming 1800 kilocalories, what is the maximum fat recommended for him or her? Answers: 1. 85 grams 2. 70 grams 3. 40 grams 4. 26 grams

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In addition to energy nutrients, catabolic processes require other agents. Which of the following would least likely be involved? Selected Answer: Correct2. Carbon dioxide Answers: 1. Enzymes Correct2. Carbon dioxide 3. Hormones 4. Coenzymes

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In the United States, ____ is the most common cause of accidental pediatric poisoning deaths in children under age 6 years. Answers: 1. Iron 2. Zinc 3. Calcium 4. Fluoride

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Iron is best absorbed from which of the following sources? Answers: 1. Dark green vegetables and legumes 2. Whole-grain products 3. Pharmaceutical supplements 4. Red meat and oysters

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Kilocalories required per kilogram of body weight are highest during: Answers: Starvation Growth Morning hours Weight Loss

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Lack of vitamin B12 or impairment of its metabolism can lead to which of the following? Answers: 1. Tetany 2. Pernicious anemia 3. Wernicke's encephalopathy 4. Osteomalacia

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Major functions of fat in the human body include the following. Answers: Supply fuel to most tissues Insulate the body Support and protect vital organs Function as an energy reserve Carrier for the absorption of fat soluble vitamins

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Milk is fortified with vitamin D. Which of the following statements is true? Answers: 1. Skim milk will maximize the availability of the vitamins to the body. 2. The vitamin has been destroyed by pasteurization and therefore has been replaced. 3. Milk normally does not contain the vitamin. 4. The body readily destroys vitamin D, so an ample supply is essential.

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Minerals are similar to vitamins in that both: Answers: 1. Become part of the structure of the body 2. Enter into chemical reactions in the body 3. Provide no energy 4. Are organic substances

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Most of the fat in our diets and in our bodies is in which form? Answers: 1. Fatty acids 2. Triglycerides 3. Sterols 4. Glycerol

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Ms. H is reluctant to take vitamin supplements and states that acidic foods upset her stomach. Which of the following foods could the nurse suggest as good sources of vitamin C? Answers: 1. Milk, eggs, and liver 2. Wheat germ, asparagus, and spinach 3. Pork, salmon, and black beans 4. Broccoli, peppers, and kiwi

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Oatmeal, barley, broccoli, and citrus fruits are foods that contain much: Answers: 1. Soluble fiber 2. Maltose 3. Insoluble fiber 4. Lactose

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One function of hydrochloric acid is to activate: Selected Answer: Correct2. Pepsin Answers: 1. Amylase Correct2. Pepsin 3. Lipase 4. Bile

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Persons who consume ethnic foods emphasizing corn but containing limited protein should be assessed carefully for adequacy of ____ intake. Answers: 1. Riboflavin 2. Niacin 3. Folic acid 4. Thiamin

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Protein provides how many kilocalories per gram? Answers: 1. 2 2. 4 3. 5 4. 9

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Resting energy expenditure (REE) differs by as much as ____ percent between men and women due to differences in body composition. Answers: 1. 7 2. 10 3. 5 4. 3

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Sixteen grams of sucrose is equal to ____ teaspoons of sugar. 1. 4 2. 1 3. 8 4. 16

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Sixteen grams of sucrose is equal to ____ teaspoons of sugar. Answers: 1. 4 2. 1 3. 8 4. 16

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The World Health Organization recommends that in developing countries, clients with measles should receive supplemental vitamin: Answers: 1. A 2. D 3. E 4. K

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The amino acid tryptophan serves as a provitamin for: Answers: 1. Vitamin K 2. Folic acid 3. Riboflavin 4. Niacin

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The amount of urine necessary to carry away waste products is called ____ excretion. Answers: 1. Discretionary 2. Optional 3. Mandatory 4. Obligatory

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The body uses all of the following for energy except: Answers: 1. Alcohol 2. Lipids 3. Carbohydrates 4. Minerals

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The component of energy expenditure that increases or decreases with a change in food intake of several days' duration is called: Answers: 1. Energy expenditure 2. Energy intake 3. Energy balance 4. Adaptive thermogenesis

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The condition in which a person's mechanism to regulate body temperature has failed is: Answers: 1. Dehydration 2. Heatstroke 3. Fever 4. Heat exhaustion

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The energy cost to extract and utilize the kilocalories and nutrients in foods is called: Answers: 1. Energy balance 2. Adaptive thermogenesis 3. Thermic effect of foods 4. Thermic effect of exercise

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The enzyme present in saliva is: Selected Answer: Correct4. Amylase, which begins changing starch to sugar Answers: 1. Lactase, which digests milk sugar 2. Pepsin, which begins the digestion of starch 3. Maltase, which catalyzes maltose to glucose Correct4. Amylase, which begins changing starch to sugar

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The following foods are all okay to eat on a lactose free diet. Answers: Milk chocolate Pretzels A hard ripened cheese like Parmesan Ensure

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The reported health benefits of soluble fiber include reducing cholesterol and regulating blood sugars. The following foods are examples of foods high in soluble fiber that you would recommend to a patient with high cholesterol. Answers: beans oatmeal broccoli lean steak fish

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The type of energy stored in foods is: 1. Chemical 2. Thermal 3. Electrical 4. Mechanical

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Tips for decreasing the kcaloric density of a diet include: Answers: 1. Eat at least 2 1/2 servings of vegetables each day 2. Eat at least four servings of fresh fruit each day 3. Use low-fat or nonfat dairy products 4. Trim all visible fat from meat before cooking

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Usually, the amount of urine excreted by the body every 24 hours is approximately equal to the amount of fluid: Answers: 1. Consumed as oral fluids 2. Contained in foods 3. Resulting from the metabolism of foods 4. Included in all of these sources

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Which of the following statements about dietary fiber is correct? Answers: 1. Insoluble fiber increases intestinal excretion of cholesterol. 2. Soluble fiber dissolves in oil but not in water. 3. Fiber is the portion of plants the human body cannot digest. 4. Soluble fiber attaches to other waste products in the intestine to stimulate peristalsis.

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Which of the following vitamins provides an important pulmonary barrier against air pollution? Answers: 1. A 2. C 3. Folic acid 4. E

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0 out of 1 points A review of a client's diet history reveals that the client consumes no dairy products. The nurse would identify this client at risk for a deficiency of which of the following? Answers: 1. Vitamin A 2. Folic acid 3. Vitamin E 4. Riboflavin

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0 out of 1 points After teaching a client about the latest dietary guidelines, the nurse determines that additional teaching is needed when the client states that an intake of which of the following should be reduced? Answers: 1. Trans fatty acids 2. Sodium 3. Monounsaturated fats 4. Refined grains

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0 out of 1 points Pyridoxine is ordered for a client. The nurse understands that which of the following will be given? Answers: 1. Niacin 2. Thiamin 3. Riboflavin 4. Vitamin B6

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0 out of 1 points The body needs a daily supply of major minerals in amounts of at least ____ milligrams or more. Answers: 1. 200 2. 150 3. 100 4. 50

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0 out of 1 points The need for which of the following vitamins increases whenever the need for protein increases? Answers: 1. Riboflavin 2. Vitamin C 3. Vitamin K 4. Vitamin A

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0 out of 1 points The nurse cautions a client about using supplemental zinc based on the understanding that this mineral can interfere with absorption of which of the following minerals? Answers: 1. Copper and iron 2. Iodine and fluoride 3. Sodium and potassium 4. Calcium and phosphorus

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0 out of 1 points The nurse who is caring for a client with alcoholism anticipates that the physician will order injections of which of the following due to the frequent occurrence of deficient states associated with this disease? Answers: 1. Folic acid 2. Vitamin B12 3. Thiamin 4. Riboflavin

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0 out of 1 points Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin? Answers: 1. Thiamin 2. Vitamin D 3. Folate 4. Riboflavin

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0 out of 1 points Which of the following persons would have the greatest percentage of body weight as water? Answers: 1. A 175-pound man of 5 ft 10 in. 2. A 140-pound woman of 5 ft 4 in. 3. A normal newborn of 7 pounds, 6 ounces 4. A 2-pound, premature infant

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0 out of 1 points Which of the following statements is true of medium-chain triglycerides? Selected Answer: Incorrect1. They require bile for digestion. Answers: 1. They require bile for digestion. Correct2. They are fat soluble. 3. They are absorbed from the stomach directly into the bloodstream. 4. They require pancreatic lipase for digestion.

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0 out of 1.13636 points Carbohydrates play the following roles in the body: Answers: Provide Fuel Enhance learning and memory processes Spare body protein Contribute to weight gain Help prevent ketosis

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1 out of 1 points Dextrose is another name for: Answers: 1. Lactose 2. Glucose 3. Galactose 4. Fructose

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1 out of 1 points One milk exchange contains how many grams of protein? Answers: 1. 8 2. 10 3. 6 4. 4

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1 out of 1 points The type of exercise that depends on continuously inspired oxygen is: Answers: 1. Pulmonary 2. Thermic 3. Aerobic 4. Anaerobic

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A chemical substance required by the body is called a(n): Answers: 1. Food 2. Phytochemical 3. Additive 4. Vitamin

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A client is permitted ice chips to alleviate thirst. He consumes the entire 8-ounce (240-mL) cup. The nurse would record the intake as which of the following? Answers: 1. 240 mL 2. 30 mL 3. 60 mL 4. 120 mL

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A client's laboratory value of ____ mg/dL for a fasting serum glucose level would be reported to the physician immediately. Answers: 1. 70 2. 50 3. 100 4. 90

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A greater energy intake than energy output results in: Answers: 1. Anorexia 2. Hyperactivity 3. Weight gain 4. Diabetes

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A group of students demonstrate the need for more teaching when they identify which of the following as a function of fat in the body? Answers: 1. Contributing to satiety 2. Preferred source of immediate energy 3. Providing insulation protection from heat and cold 4. Carrier of fat-soluble vitamins

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A kilocalorie is the amount of energy required to raise or lower: Answers: 1. 1 kilogram of water 1°F 2. 1 gram of water 1°C 3. 1 kilogram of water 1°C 4. 1 teaspoon of water 1°F

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A nurse is assessing an individual with chromium toxicity. Which of the following would the nurse most likely assess? Answers: 1. Metallic taste sensation 2. Weight gain 3. Nausea and vomiting 4. Craving for sugar and sweet foods

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A patient tells the nurse that he chooses "fat-free" foods whenever possible. The nurse understands that this labeling indicates that the food contains no more than ____ grams of fat per serving. Answers: 1. 5 2. 0.1 3. 0.5 4. 1

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According to the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Sciences: 1. 45 to 65 percent of calories should come from carbohydrates to minimize disease risk. 2. An individual should have at least 10 percent of total calories eaten contain sugar. 3. People with diets high in added sugar have higher intakes of essential nutrients. 4. Both adults and children should ingest 100 grams or less of carbohydrates each day.

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Adults require 2 percent less energy per decade because they: Answers: 1. Lose height due to osteoporosis 2. Exercise less than when they were younger 3. Eat more sweets, which are rapidly converted to fat 4. Generally have a higher body fat content

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After reviewing information about albumin, the student demonstrates a need for additional review based on which statement about albumin? Answers: 1. It carries nutrients to tissues and cells. 2. It helps with water balance. 3. It is a minor blood protein. 4. It affects the metabolism of medications.

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After reviewing information about nutrients, which of the following, if stated by the nurse as an energy nutrient, indicates the need for more study? Answers: 1. Carbohydrates 2. Proteins 3. Vitamins 4. Fats

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After reviewing the functions of water, the need for additional study is indicated when which of the following is stated as a function of water? Answers: 1. Source of energy 2. Medium for chemical reactions 3. Lubricant 4. Carrier of waste products

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Alkalosis causes increased protein binding of ionized ____, which results in tetany. Answers: 1. Iodine 2. Calcium 3. Iron 4. Phosphorus

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All proteins are composed of: Answers: 1. Amino acids 2. Enzymes 3. Hormones 4. Antibodies

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An appropriate snack for a child on a gluten-free diet is: Answers: Oatmeal Peanut butter & banana Cheese and crackers Soft Pretzel

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An example of a nonnutritive sweetener is: Answers: 1. Isomalt 2. Aspartame 3. Sorbitol 4. Mannitol

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An infant develops malnutrition associated with weaning from breast milk. The nurse would interpret this as which of the following? Answers: 1. Marasmus 2. Protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) 3. Kwashiorkor 4. Nitrogen imbalance

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An infant is expected to ____ its birth weight by 1 year of age. 1. Quintuple 2. Double 3. Quadruple 4. Triple

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Anabolism describes the process of: Answers: 1. Using body protein for glucose production 2. Building tissue 3. Ingesting too few kilocalories and insufficient protein 4. Destroying worn-out or infected tissue

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Assessment of a client reveals delayed sexual maturation. The nurse would be alert for a deficiency of which of the following? Answers: 1. Iron 2. Cobalt 3. Zinc 4. Chloride

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Beta-carotene is provitamin ____. Answers: 1. C 2. B12 3. D 4. A

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CHP 9 Which of the following interventions would the nurse be least likely to include in the plan of care for a client with dysphagia? Selected Answer: Incorrect4. Thickening all liquids with a commercial thickener Answers: Correct1. Encouraging the client to lie on his back 2. Limiting bites to one-half tablespoon 3. Working with a speech therapist 4. Thickening all liquids with a commercial thickener

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CHPS 7/8 A nurse is assessing a client's hair, skin, and nails. The nurse understands that their shape is influenced by which mineral? Answers: 1. Chloride 2. Sulfur 3. Iron 4. Selenium

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Calcitriol stimulates the active absorption of phosphorus in the: Answers: 1. Cecum and ascending colon 2. Stomach and duodenum 3. Jejunum and ileum 4. Duodenum and jejunum

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Children reach the adult proportion of body water to body weight at about: Answers: 1. 4 years of age 2. 2 years of age 3. 1 year of age 4. 3 years of age

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Clients are instructed to estimate the size of a 3-ounce portion of boneless meat by comparing it to: Answers: 1. A deck of cards 2. A center-cut, regular pork chop 3. A quarter-cup measuring cup 4. The top of a 1-pound can

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Compared to a similar individual with less well-developed muscles, an individual with well-developed muscles: Answers: 1. Performs physical activity more efficiently 2. Expends more kilocalories to perform a given task 3. Lacks an adaptive response to exercise 4. Expends fewer kilocalories at rest

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Complete the following equation: protein + oxygen = ____ + water + carbon dioxide. Answers: 1. Homeostasis 2. Carbohydrate 3. Kilocalories 4. Heat energy

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Dietary fiber that stimulates peristalsis and prevents constipation is called ____ fiber. 1. Plant 2. Polyunsaturated 3. Soluble 4. Insoluble

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Dietary fiber that stimulates peristalsis and prevents constipation is called ____ fiber. Answers: 1. Plant 2. Polyunsaturated 3. Soluble 4. Insoluble

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Diseases of which of the following would have the greatest effect on absorption of nutrients? Selected Answer: Incorrect3. Large intestine Answers: 1. Gallbladder Correct2. Small intestine 3. Large intestine 4. Stomach

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Essential amino acids are those: Answers: 1. Unable to be synthesized in adequate amounts by the body 2. Manufactured by the body because they are essential to life 3. Available from grains 4. Essential to body processes

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Experts recommend that a healthy male adult consume how many grams of fiber per day? 45 38 32 25

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Fat contains ____ kilocalories per gram. Answers: 1. 2.2 2. 7 3. 9 4. 4

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Fatalities have been associated with toxicity from: Answers: 1. Vitamins A and D 2. Vitamins B12 and E 3. Vitamin B6 and folic acid 4. Vitamin C and niacin

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If 1 cup of whole milk (3.3 percent fat) contains 8 grams of fat and gives 150 kilocalories of energy, what percent of its kilocalories is derived from fat? Answers: 1. 5 2. 48 3. 21 4. 37

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When counseling a client about food preparation, which of the following food-preparation practices would the nurse identify as least likely to destroy the vitamin C content of food? Answers: 1. Cooking a citrus fruit compote 2. Storing orange juice in a plastic container 3. Boiling water for 1 minute before adding vegetables 4. Adding baking soda to peas to maintain their bright green color

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When describing gut failure, which of the following would the nurse include as a possible cause? Selected Answer: Incorrect2. Absorption Answers: 1. Slow weight gain 2. Absorption 3. Pregnancy Correct4. Poor food intake

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Which body organ concentrates and stores bile? Selected Answer: Correct4. Gallbladder Answers: 1. Kidney 2. Pancreas 3. Liver Correct4. Gallbladder

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Which of the following data would indicate that the client is in an anabolic state? Selected Answer: Incorrect2. Weight loss of 2 pounds a week Answers: 1. Negative nitrogen balance 2. Weight loss of 2 pounds a week 3. Declining position on a growth chart Correct4. Healing of a pressure ulcer

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Which of the following energy nutrients supplies the greatest amount of water produced by their metabolism? Answers: 1. Carbohydrate 2. Fat 3. Protein 4. Alcohol

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Which of the following exchanges contains less than 6 grams of carbohydrates? Answers: 1. Fruit 2. Starch/bread 3. Vegetable 4. Milk

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Which of the following factors makes carbohydrates important in world nutrition? Answers: 1. They provide complete nutrition. 2. They can be stored more simply and cheaply than other foods. 3. They can be grown in limited areas. 4. They are expensive.

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Which of the following foods would provide the least amount of carbohydrate to a client? Answers: 1. 1 tablespoon of pickled herring 2. 8 ounces of whole milk 3. 1 enriched hamburger bun 4. 1/2 cup unsweetened applesauce

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Which of the following is a disaccharide? 1. Glucose 2. Fructose 3. Lactose 4. Galactose

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Which of the following is a disaccharide? Answers: 1. Glucose 2. Fructose 3. Lactose 4. Galactose

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Which of the following is associated with vitamin D deficiency? Answers: 1. Pernicious anemia 2. Osteomalacia 3. Xerophthalmia 4. Beriberi

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Which of the following laboratory values is in the normal range for a woman? Answers: 1. Hemoglobin, 12 g/dL; hematocrit, 36% 2. Hemoglobin, 10 g/dL; hematocrit, 46% 3. Hemoglobin, 17 g/dL; hematocrit, 48% 4. Hemoglobin, 19 g/dL; hematocrit, 58%

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Which of the following minerals is part of the hemoglobin molecule? Answers: 1. Iron 2. Phosphorus 3. Iodine 4. Calcium

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Which of the following organs provides the final step in the activation of vitamin D? Answers: 1. Skin 2. Adrenal gland 3. Liver 4. Kidney

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Which of the following statements about malnutrition is true? Answers: 1. It can be avoided by finding the one perfect food. 2. It rarely occurs when an individual takes vitamin and mineral supplements. 3. It may occur as a result of eating to excess. 4. It is associated with the consumption of a diet that is balanced, contains variety, and is eaten in moderation.

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Which of the following statements would be incorrect? 1. Acetone and diacetic acid are ketone bodies that can be measured in the urine. 2. Approximately 130 grams of carbohydrates are needed each day to prevent ketosis. 3. Ketosis can occur when a person avoids carbohydrate intake. 4. A person can identify impending ketosis by its symptom of fainting.

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Which of the following statements would be incorrect? Answers: 1. Acetone and diacetic acid are ketone bodies that can be measured in the urine. 2. Approximately 130 grams of carbohydrates are needed each day to prevent ketosis. 3. Ketosis can occur when a person avoids carbohydrate intake. 4. A person can identify impending ketosis by its symptom of fainting.

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Which of the following would a nurse suggest as the best sources of thiamin? Answers: 1. Pork and fortified cereals 2. Brussels sprouts and spinach 3. Tuna and liver 4. Eggs and milk

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Which of the following would be a good source of insoluble fiber? 1. Apple skin 2. Broccoli 3. Oranges 4. Oat bran

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Which of the following would least likely be a health benefit associated with anaerobic exercise? Answers: 1. Improving muscle endurance 2. Building of muscular strength 3. Lowering of hypertension 4. Building of bone mass

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Which of the following would the nurse most likely assess in a client with insufficient fluid volume? Answers: 1. Decreased urine output, increased pulse, decreased blood pressure, and cool and clammy skin 2. Increased urine output, increased pulse, increased blood pressure, and flushed skin 3. Decreased urine output, decreased pulse, decreased blood pressure, and cool and clammy skin 4. Increased urine output, decreased pulse, increased blood pressure, and flushed skin

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Which statement is true about nonnutritive sweeteners? Answers: 1. They add bulk to recipes like sugar. 2. They can replace sugar in a recipe, one for one. 3. They are slowly and completely used by the body. 4. They add intense sweetness to any recipe.

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With which client would assessing skin turgor be unreliable for evaluating fluid balance? Answers: 1. A 3-year-old child 2. An 80-year-old man 3. A 4-pound infant 4. A 30-year-old pregnant woman

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he ___________(hint: it's an organ) secretes enzymes that are involved in the digestion of all the energy nutrients.

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nsensible water loss of 800 to 1000 mL/d occurs through the: Answers: 1. Kidney and skin 2. Skin and lungs 3. Kidney and intestine 4. Intestine and lungs

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Eating an excess of only 15 extra kcalories per day for 1 year results in an annual weight gain of ____________________ pounds.

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0 out of 1 points When teaching a client with celiac disease about diet, which of the following would the nurse include as appropriate for consumption? Selected Answer: Incorrect4. Canned tomato soup and saltines Answers: 1. Commercial ice cream and bakery sugar cookies 2. Country-fried steak and French-fried cauliflower Correct3. Corn flakes and skim milk 4. Canned tomato soup and saltines

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Which of the following B vitamins is stored to the greatest extent in the body? Answers: 1. Riboflavin 2. Folic acid 3. Vitamin B12 4. Thiamin

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Which of the following is a nutritional substance the human body can manufacture from other substances? Answers: 1. Nonessential nutrient 2. Phytochemical 3. Essential nutrient 4. Basic nutrient

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The amount of urine usually required to excrete metabolic wastes is ____ mL/d. Answers: 1. 200 to 300 2. 400 to 600 3. 1200 to 1500 4. 800 to 1000

400-600