Nutrition Midterm: Chps. 4-6

Paige is 6 weeks pregnant. Although Paige drank alcohol before she became pregnant, she refuses to drink any alcohol now, because she does not want to have a baby born with ________.

a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

A scientist wants to break down a carbohydrate called "maltose" into its component parts. To accomplish this task, she should ________.

add maltase to a solution that contains maltose

Marissa is concerned about her risk of type 2 diabetes. To reduce her risk of this disease, Marissa should ______.

avoid gaining excess weight

Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of omega-3 fatty acids?

baked trout

Avi's salivary glands do not secrete amylase. As a result of his condition, his mouth cannot ________.

begin starch digestion

Which of the following foods is a rich source of prebiotics?

berries

The liver recycles bile salts to make new ________.

bile

The liver uses cholesterol to make ________.

bile

Which of the following nutrients is made by gut microbiota?

biotin

The back (rear) portion of your tongue is very sensitive to foods that taste ________.

bitter

Which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system?

brain

A primary function of the digestive system is the ________.

breakdown of food into nutrients

Carter wants to lower his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, he should limit his intake of ________.

butter and beef

The ________ is the smallest living functional unit in an organism.

cell

The atoms of a compound, such as sugar, are held together by ________.

chemical bonds

Which of the following foods naturally contains cholesterol?

chicken

Jared has a high risk of cardiovascular disease, because he has ________.

chronic high blood pressure

After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into ________.

chylomicrons

The primary function of the cardiovascular system is ________.

circulation of blood throughout the body

Blood and blood vessels are primary components of the ________ system.

circulatory

Paisley usually has four bowel movements each week. Based on this information, Paisley should ________.

consult her physician to determine why she is constipated

When he prepares food, Edgar wants to use ingredients that are not high in trans fat. Based on this information, which of the following fats should he include in his recipes?

corn oil

Pancreatic amylase ______.

digests starch in the small intestine

Chyme moves from the stomach into the ________.

duodenum

Phosphorus, potassium, and sodium are ________.

elements

Which of the following physiological changes is a result of anabolic chemical reactions?

enlargement of muscle tissue after 3 weeks of regular exercise

After being absorbed, water-soluble nutrients such as glucose, fructose, iron, and vitamin C ________.

enter a capillary within the villus and are transported to the liver by the bloodstream

T/F: When the pH of blood is lower than normal, the blood has become more alkaline.

false

True/False: "Fruit sugar" is the common name for galactose.

false

True/False: A gram of sugar supplies more than twice the energy that is supplied by a gram of starch.

false

True/False: After drinking too much alcohol at a party, Samantha can sober up rapidly by drinking coffee and taking high doses of vitamin C.

false

True/False: High-density lipoproteins carry more cholesterol than low-density lipoproteins.

false

True/False: High-fiber diets can lower blood cholesterol because fiber transports cholesterol into fatty tissues.

false

True/False: The primary role of adipose cells is producing chylomicrons from phospholipids.

false

Which of the following foods is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids?

flaxseeds

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome may include ________.

following a low-FODMAP diet

Last night, Sara ate French fries, fried fish, and creamy cole slaw. For dessert, she had a chocolate milk shake. About an hour after eating this food, she suddenly complained of severe abdominal pain. Based on this information, Sara probably has ________.

gallstones

Which of the following substances is (are) secreted by the human stomach?

gastric juice

Jared often eats a large dinner about an hour before he lies down to sleep. Based on this information, he is likely to develop ________.

gastroesophageal reflux disease

Jillian drinks a couple of beers and smokes over a pack of cigarettes daily. Even though she's about 40 pounds overweight, she likes to wear tight-fitting clothes. Based on this information, Jillian has a high risk of developing ________.

gastroesophageal reflux disease

A scientist is developing a new food that would help people recover quickly from hypoglycemia. Which of the following sweeteners should he add to the new product?

glucose

In the human intestinal tract, cooked rice is broken down into ________ molecules that can be absorbed.

glucose

Bernetta has an autoimmune disease that affects salivary glands. As a result of this condition, Bernetta ________.

has trouble swallowing

Libby was born without salivary glands. As a result of this condition, she ________.

has trouble tasting food

Albert is a healthy, 23-year-old college student. He would like to know more about his risk of cardiovascular disease, so he can take preventive measures, if they are necessary. Albert should ________.

have a lipoprotein profile performed on a sample of his blood

Lena's 4-year-old son is not well. He lacks much interest in playing, he has lost weight, his breath has a strange odor, and he seems to be thirsty all the time. Based on this information, Lena should ______.

have her son tested for type 1 diabetes

The ________ is the third segment of the small intestine.

ileum

Chronic alcohol abuse ________.

increases fat deposits in the abdominal region

Leonard has a disease that causes his lacteals to become blocked. Based on this information, his ________.

intestinal tract does not absorb much fat

A (An) ________ is an atom or a group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge.

ion

________ is a mineral nutrient.

iron

For several years, Corey has suffered from intermittent abdominal pain along with bouts of diarrhea and constipation. According to Corey, his "bad guts" worsen whenever he is "stressed out" or eats certain foods, especially raw fruit and baked beans. His doctor has determined that his intestinal tract is not inflamed. Based on this information, Corey probably has ________.

irritable bowel syndrome

The ________ is the second segment of the small intestine.

jejunum

Which of the following foods has a high glycemic index (70 or more)?

jelly beans

Betty has type 2 diabetes, and she has difficulty keeping her fasting blood glucose level under 180 mg/dl. Based on this information, Betty has a high risk of ______.

kidney failure

After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into chylomicrons and enter ____.

lacteals within the villi

After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into chylomicrons and enter ________.

lacteals within the villi

Feces form in the ________.

large intestine

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome usually includes making dietary changes and ________.

learning ways to manage stress effectively

________ acid is an omega-6 fatty acid.

linoleic

Marcus has an infection that causes a temporary loss of villi. Based on this information, you would expect Marcus to ________ while he has this illness.

lose weightrapidly

Which of the following organs produces and secretes enzymes that are essential for proper digestion?

pancreas

Tyler smokes cigarettes, drinks excess alcohol, and takes aspirins regularly to treat his headaches. Based on this information, Tyler has a high risk of developing ________.

peptic ulcers

Melania's fasting blood glucose level consistently is between 102 and 113 mg/dl. Based on this information, she has ______.

pre-diabetes

In the body, fat ________.

provides insulation against cold temperatures

Glucagon ______.

raises blood glucose levels

Which of the following foods has a low glycemic index (less than 70)?

raw carrots

A food has a pH that is higher than the pH of pure water but lower than the pH of an oven cleaning solution. Based on this information, the food is a ________.

raw egg white

Lydia thinks she is 6 weeks pregnant. While she was at a party, she ________, because she did not want to endanger the embryo that was developing inside her body.

refused allalcoholic beverages

This morning, Margie's fasting blood glucose level indicated that she has hyperglycemia and pre-diabetes. Based on this information, her fasting blood glucose level was ________ mg/dl.

120

While at a party, Jenna drank 24 ounces of beer and 10 ounces of wine. Based on this information, her alcohol consumption was equivalent to ________ standard alcoholic drinks.

4

Which of the following fatty acids is an essential fatty acid?

Alpha-linolenic acid

Joshua has type 2 diabetes, and he does not control his blood glucose levels. As a result of his lack of control, which of the following conditions is he most likely to develop?

Blindness

Which of the followings statements is true? (8)

Certain fish, such as salmon, are rich sources of omega-3 fatty acids.

Jacob has a rare condition, an inborn error of metabolism, that prevents his body from storing glucose as glycogen. Every four hours, day and night, Jacob has to consume a solution that provides a source of glucose, which is slowly digested and absorbed by the intestinal tract. Which of the following foods should Jacob mix with water to form his life-saving solution?

Corn starch

Which of the following groups of foods are sources of starch?

Corn, potatoes, and rice

Which of the following conditions is an autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation and swelling of the intestines?

Crohn's disease

Which of the following structures normally prevents swallowed food from entering the larynx and trachea?

Epiglottis

Chelsea is concerned that her 2-year-old daughter may have type 1 diabetes. Which of the following conditions is a typical sign or symptom of this form of diabetes?

Having fruity-smelling breath

Which of the following statements is true? (5)

Honey is naturally a rich source of fructose.

True/False: Antibiotic use can disrupt the normal balance and diversity of microbes in human intestinal tract.

true

True/False: High-density lipoproteins contain more protein than low-density lipoproteins.

true

True/False: Human cells contain organelles, including ribosomes and mitochondria.

true

True/False: The Nutrition Facts panel on a food package includes information about the amount of carbohydrates, including added sugars in a serving of the food.

true

True/False: The liver stores carbohydrate in the form of glycogen.

true

True/False: The process of digestion in the human intestinal tract involves decomposition reactions.

true

Which of the following statements is true? (2)

Older adults generally have fewer taste buds than children.

Which of the following statements is true? (6)

Oxidized LDL contributes to arterial plaque buildup.

Which of the following foods has a high glycemic index but a low glycemic load?

Plain microwave popcorn

What is the major difference between soluble and insoluble forms of fiber?

Soluble fiberdissolves or swells in water, whereas insoluble fiber generally does not changein water.

Macey would like to sweeten her tea with a nonnutritive sweetener that provides no calories per teaspoon. Which of the following sweeteners would she use?

Sucralose

Which of the following foods or beverages is a major source of added sugars in American diets?

Sugar-sweetened soft drinks

Which of the following statements is true? (4)

The body is comprised of organ systems.

Which of the following statements is true? (7)

The cholesterol carried by oxidized LDL is taken up by certain arterial cells and deposited in plaque.

Rose has an autoimmune disease that destroyed her salivary glands. As a result of this condition, Rose probably ________.

uses a lot of spices and sauces to season her foods

The lining of the small intestine is covered with ________, tiny, finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food.

villi

Kevin's total blood cholesterol level is 190 mg/dl and his HDL cholesterol level is 60 mg/dl. According to this information, ________.

Kevin's total blood cholesterol level is within the healthy range

Which of the following statements is true? (1)

Matter is comprised of atoms

Which of the following statements is true? (3)

Most enzymes have names that end with - ase.

Which of the following physiological changes is a result of catabolic chemical reactions?

Muscle loss that normally occurs in older adults

Sari would like to compare amounts of polyunsaturated fat in two brands of canned tuna. She should read the ________ on each product's label.

Nutrition Facts panel

In chemistry class, Karl combines hydrochloric acid with a base called sodium hydroxide. This chemical reaction results in the formation of a ________.

salt

A scientist has isolated a fatty acid that has 26 carbons bonded together. All of the carbon atoms in the chain are connected by single bonds. The only other elements in the compound are hydrogen and oxygen. Based on this information, the compound is a (an) ________ fatty acid.

saturated

Chyme is the ________.

semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach

Which of the following foods is also a rich source of prebiotics?

soybeans

Salivary glands secrete amylase, an enzyme that enables a minor amount of ________ to be digested in the mouth.

starch

Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate?

starch

VLDLs transport most forms of cholesterol in blood to the liver for disposal.

store energy

Adipose cells ________.

store triglycerides

Ian sweetens his hot oatmeal with a teaspoon of brown sugar. The chemical name for this type of sugar is _______.

sucrose

You would like to add a nutritive sweetener to a food that is almost pure carbohydrate. Which of the following substances would you add?

sucrose