nutrition midterm

A meal consisting of a cheeseburger, large fries, and a chocolate shake provides a total of 1120 kcal. If 40% of total kcal in this meal come from fat, how many grams of fat are in this meal? 64 grams 112 grams 448 grams 50 grams

50 grams

A food item has 200 kcal per serving and 25 grams of carbohydrate. What percent of the calories are from carbohydrate in this item? 100% 40% 25% 50%

50%

Studies suggest that about ______ of a person's risk for developing alcohol use disorders is genetic. 10% 25% 50% 95%

50%

The major symptoms of lactose intolerance are gas, abdominal pain, and bloating. a rash, sneezing, and stuffy nose. a headache and chest pain. nausea and vomiting.

gas, abdominal pain, and bloating.

The term Daily Value on a food label refers to a generic standard set at or close to the highest RDA value or related nutrient standard. RDAs. minimum requirements. AIs.

a generic standard set at or close to the highest RDA value or related nutrient standard.

Short chain proteins and ______ are the end products of protein digestion that can be taken up by the absorptive cells of the small intestine. amino acids nitrogen polypeptides amino groups

amino acids

The "Freshman 15" is the term used to describe the typical waist circumference of college students after their freshman year. typical body fat percentage of college students after their freshman year. amount of weight (in pounds) typically gained during the freshman year of college. typical BMI of college students after their freshman year.

amount of weight (in pounds) typically gained during the freshman year of college.

Excessive use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, such as aspirin) could lead to an ulcer. gallstones. small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. hemorrhoids.

an ulcer.

Measurements of height, weight, body circumferences, and body fat are called sonography. electrocardiography. radiography. anthropometry.

anthropometry.

Measurements of height, weight, body circumferences, and body fat are called sonography. electrocardiography. radiography. anthropometry.

anthropometry.

Body proteins that bind to foreign proteins in the body are enzymes. antibodies. hormones. collagen.

antibodies

Body proteins that bind to foreign proteins in the body are enzymes. antibodies. hormones. collagen.

antibodies.

Which of the following is true about carbohydrate digestion? Carbohydrate digestion is assisted by cooking, which softens tough skins. Carbohydrate digestion begins in the stomach. In the small intestine, amylase breaks down fiber to glucose. Bile is necessary for carbohydrate digestion.

arbohydrate digestion is assisted by cooking, which softens tough skins.

The major symptoms of lactose intolerance are gas, abdominal pain, and bloating. a rash, sneezing, and stuffy nose. a headache and chest pain. nausea and vomiting.

gas, abdominal pain, and bloating.

A recurrent and serious form of heartburn is called gastroesophageal reflux disease. pernicious anemia. eosinophilic esophagitis. atrophic gastritis.

gastroesophageal reflux disease.

A recurrent and serious form of heartburn is called gastroesophageal reflux disease. pernicious anemia. eosinophilic esophagitis. atrophic gastritis.

gastroesophageal reflux disease.

_______ is the major monosaccharide found in the body. Fructose Glucose Lactose Sucrose

glucose

The three-carbon structure that forms the "backbone" of a triglyceride is called glycerol. glucose. lipoprotein. sterol.

glycerol

Immediately after digestion in the small intestine, most dietary fats are absorbed into the lymph. bile. urine. blood.

lymph.

The ______ system assists the digestive system with the absorption of dietary fats. integumentary respiratory urinary lymphatic

lymphatic

Because the DNA cannot leave the nucleus to get to the ribosomes, the genes for proteins must be transcribed into ______ that can leave the nucleus. amino acids chromosomes mRNA tRNA

mRNA

The taste for fat is known as oleogustus. umami. lipase. butyric acid.

oleogustus.

A diglyceride consists of two glycerols and one fatty acid. two glucoses and one fatty acid. one glucose and two fatty acids. one glycerol and two fatty acids.

one glycerol and two fatty acids.

Excessive sugar intake is related to development of dental caries because oral bacteria produce acids that dissolve tooth enamel when they metabolize sugars. sugar leaches calcium and phosphorus out of teeth. salivary amylase dissolves tooth enamel during carbohydrate digestion. sugars make the saliva more alkaline, causing damage to tooth enamel.

oral bacteria produce acids that dissolve tooth enamel when they metabolize sugars.

Kate consumes 1900 kcal each day. She requires 1750 kcal to meet daily energy needs. Over time, Kate's calorie consumption could lead to undernutrition. balanced nutrition. overnutrition.

overnutrition.

Most digestive enzymes are produced by the pancreas and small intestinal cells. liver and large intestinal cells. pancreas and large intestinal cells. liver and gallbladder.

pancreas and small intestinal cells.

Dietary fats that contain mostly ______ fatty acids tend to be solid at room temperature. saturated unsaturated

saturated

When it comes to food choices, the most important factor that influences your risk for heart disease is the amount of ______ in your dietary pattern. cholesterol protein total fat saturated fat

saturated fat

When it comes to food choices, the most important factor that influences your risk for heart disease is the amount of ______ in your dietary pattern. cholesterol protein total fat saturated fat

saturated fat

If Alison eats 1/4 cup (4 tablespoons) of hummus, how many grams of fat will she consume? 12 grams 6 grams 8 grams 3 grams

12 grams

ThePhysical Activity Guidelines for Americans advise a minimum of to ______ minutes per week of moderate-intensity physical activity for adults. 30; 60 60; 150 90; 120 150; 300

150; 300

ThePhysical Activity Guidelines for Americans advise a minimum of to ______ minutes per week of moderate-intensity physical activity for adults. 30; 60 60; 150 90; 120 150; 300

150;300

One cup of chocolate milk contains 15 grams of carbohydrates, 8 grams of fat, and 8 grams of protein. This cup of chocolate milk supplies ______ kcal. 164 124 279 31

164

Two tablespoons (tbsp) of salad dressing or peanut butter is about the size of a yoyo. a softball. a tennis ball. 2 dice.

2 dice

One serving of breakfast cereal contains 50% of the 18 mg Daily Value for iron. How much iron will one serving of the cereal provide? 5 mg 9 mg 15 mg 36 mg

9 mg

In consideration of the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for fat, a healthy adult who requires 2400 kcal per day should consume no more than ______ grams of fat per day. 27 35 93 210

93

To carry the "organic" label claim on the front of a food package, at least ______% of the ingredients (by weight) must meet the federal guidelines for organic foods. For a product labeled "made with organic ingredients," only ______% of ingredients must be organic. 100; 75 90; 51 80; 60 95; 70

95; 70

What is olestra (Olean®)? A cholesterol-lowering plant sterol A cholesterol-lowering medication A fat replacer used in food manufacturing An emulsifier used in food manufacturing

A fat replacer used in food manufacturing

Which of the following most accurately describes the term epidemiology? A test made to examine the validity of an educated guess An educated guess by a scientist to explain a phenomenon A study of how disease rates vary among different population groups An explanation for a phenomenon that has numerous lines of evidence to support it

A study of how disease rates vary among different population groups

Which pH best describes the environment of the stomach when stimulated? Neutral Acidic Basic

Acidic

Which of the following includes all energy-yielding substances? Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, water Vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, lipids, protein Alcohol, carbohydrates, lipids, protein Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, vitamins, minerals, water

Alcohol, carbohydrates, lipids, protein

Which of the following are reasons older adults are more susceptible to the damaging effects of alcohol? Older adults tend to have lower lean body mass and lower body water content. The rate of alcohol metabolism decreases with age. Alcohol can interact with medications in the body. All of these choices are correct.

All of these choices are correct.

Which of the following is an essential fatty acid? Oleic acid Alpha-linolenic acid Arachidonic acid Docosahexaenoic acid

Alpha-linolenic acid

______ is an essential omega-3 fatty acid. Linoleic acid (LA) Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) Docasahexaenoic acid (DHA)

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)

Which of the following is an essential nutrient? Alcohol Carbohydrates Phytochemicals Zoochemicals

Carbohydrates

Which of the following is stored within the nucleus of the cell and acts as a code book for synthesizing specific proteins? RNA Ribosomes Amino acids DNA

DNA

Which of the following nutrient standards is referenced on the Nutrition Facts label of a box of breakfast cereal? Recommended Dietary Allowance Daily Value Adequate Intake Estimated Safe and Adequate Daily dietary intake.

Daily Value

The ______ was a landmark, multisite study designed to improve glucose control and prevent the onset of diabetes. Most impressive is that individuals that followed a healthy dietary and physical activity pattern had better glucose control than individuals treated by medication. Behavioral Management Trial (BMT) Glucose Control Trial (GCT) Prediabetes Pilot Program (PPP) Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP)

Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP)

Jeff, a world-class triathlete, visits a dietitian to obtain sports nutrition advice. During his visit, Jeff is asked to recall what he ate for the past 24 hours. Which part of a nutritional assessment is this? Biochemical evaluation Dietary assessment Clinical examination Menu planning

Dietary assessment

Which of the following are substances in plant foods thatcannot be digested in the stomach or small intestine? Starch Disaccharides Dietary fiber Simple sugars

Dietary fiber

Which of the following is an important dietary recommendation for avoiding heartburn? Eat smaller meals that are lower in fat. Consume milk or cream with meals. Eat meals low in carbohydrate. Avoid fluids.

Eat smaller meals that are lower in fat.

Which of the following is a food source of cholesterol? Coconut oil Avocados Sunflower seeds Egg yolks

Egg yolks

Which government agency is responsible for most U.S. food labeling? FDA USPS AND NAS

FDA

Which of the following food combinations is an example of complementary proteins? Green beans with slivered almonds Puffed rice cereal with milk Kidney beans with black beans Broccoli with cheese

Green beans with slivered almonds

______ is sometimes called the "good" cholesterol because higher levels of this lipoprotein in the blood are associated with lower risk for cardiovascular disease. HDL LDL

HDL

Which of the following is the leading nutrition-related cause of death in the United States? Heart disease Cancer Diabetes Pneumonia

Heart disease

Most stomach ulcers are caused by ______ infection. Salmonella Helicobacter pylori E. coli Clostridium botulinum

Helicobacter pylori

Which lipoprotein is responsible for picking up cholesterol from dying cells and other sources so it can be transported back to the liver for excretion? Chylomicron Low-density lipoprotein Very-low-density lipoprotein High-density lipoprotein

High-density lipoprotein

Which of the following terms describes physiological (internal) influences that encourage us to find and eat food? Appetite Hunger Satiety Saturation

Hunger

What sphincter separates the small intestine from the large intestine? Pyloric Esophageal Anal Ileocecal

Ileocecal

Which hormone corrects a hyperglycemic state? Insulin Epinephrine Cortisol Glucagon

Insulin

Which of the following is the smallest unit of measurement? Centigram Milligram Microgram Kilogram

Microgram

Which of the following is a major source of lactose? Milk Broccoli Apples Honey

Milk

Which of the following will most likely cause symptoms in a person with lactose intolerance? Small servings of milk products Hard cheeses Yogurt containing active cultures Milk shakes made with skim milk

Milk shakes made with skim milk

The visual food grouping guidelines most recently released from the United States government are called The Food Guide Pyramid. The Basic Four Food Groups. MyPyramid. MyPlate.

MyPlate.

One cup of apple juice has 111 kcal and 1.4 mg of vitamin C. The same serving size of orange juice has 112 kcal and 124 mg of vitamin C. Which of the following is true regarding their nutrient density? Apple juice is more nutrient dense for vitamin C than orange juice. To get adequate vitamin C while watching calorie intake, it would be better to consume apple juice than orange juice. Apple juice provides more vitamin C per calorie than orange juice. Orange juice is more nutrient dense for vitamin C than apple juice.

Orange juice is more nutrient dense for vitamin C than apple juice

What is meant by theamino acid sequence of a protein? Number of side chains in the protein Folding arrangement of the peptide chain Order of appearance of amino acids in the peptide chain Sequence of events in protein synthesis

Order of appearance of amino acids in the peptide chain

Which of the following is both an endocrine (secretes hormones into the blood) and exocrine (secretes substances through a duct into the GI tract) organ? Pancreas Gallbladder Small intestine Large intestine

Pancreas

Which of the following is categorized as a soluble, viscous, and readily fermentable fiber? Pectin Cellulose Hemicellulose Lignin

Pectin

What enzyme digests protein in the stomach? Pepsin Lipase Amylase Trypsin

Pepsin

The most rigorous type of controlled experiment is a Meta-analysis Randomized controlled trial Cohort study Case-control study

Randomized controlled trial

Which of the following is categorized as an indigestible dietary fiber that is sequestered in plant walls? Pectin Cellulose Resistant starch Psyllium

Resistant starch

Of the following, which is a major source of sucrose? Alcohol Fruits Grains Sugar cane

Sugar cane

Which of the following is characteristic of lipids? Supplies 4 kcal per gram Adds structural strength to bones and muscles Supplies a concentrated form of fuel for the body Adds sweetness to food

Supplies a concentrated form of fuel for the body

Which of the following is characteristic of lipids? Supplies 4 kcal per gram Adds structural strength to bones and muscles Supplies a concentrated form of fuel for the body Adds sweetness to food

Supplies a concentrated form of fuel for the body

Which hormone functions in the regulation of the body's metabolic rate? Thyroid hormone Insulin Vitamin D Glucagon

Thyroid hormone

Which of the following is a function of the lymphatic system? Production of urine Transport of dietary lipids Transport of water-soluble vitamins Metabolism of alcohol

Transport of dietary lipids

Which of the following is a function of water? Provides energy Transports nutrients and wastes Structural component of bone Prevents oxidative damage to cell membranes

Transports nutrients and wastes

How could you lower the fat content of the following sandwich? 2 slices of white bread 2 ounces of sliced turkey 1 slice of provolone cheese 1 tablespoon of mayonnaise 1 leaf of lettuce1 slice of tomato Select whole wheat bread instead of white bread Use mustard instead of mayonnaise Choose cheddar cheese instead of provolone cheese Choose roast beef instead of turkey

Use mustard instead of mayonnaise

______ are synthesized by the liver to transport fat to the rest of the body. Chylomicrons Low-density lipoproteins Very-low-density lipoproteins High-density lipoproteins

Very-low-density lipoproteins

Osteoporosis is a condition of compromised ______ health. cardiovascular bone kidney brain

bone

When an essential amino acid is missing from the diet, nonessential amino acids will be converted into the missing amino acid. protein synthesis will stop. glucose will be converted into the missing amino acid. proteins will be made, but they will lack that particular amino acid.

protein synthesis will stop.

Kwashiorkor and marasmus are two severe forms of protein-calorie malnutrition. protein overload. genetic diseases. anemia.

protein-calorie malnutrition

As of 2018, partially hydrogenated oils were banned from the food supply because the hydrogenation of oils produces trans fats. cholesterol. saturated fats. phospholipids.

trans fats.

The American Institute for Cancer Research promotes "The New American Plate," which includes plant-based foods covering _______ of the plate and meat, fish, poultry, or low-fat dairy covering _______ of the plate. one-half; one-half three-quarters (or more); one-quarter (or less) two-thirds (or more); one-third (or less) one-third (or less); two-thirds (or more)

two-thirds (or more); one-third (or less)

Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by high blood sugar. uncontrolled cell growth. high blood pressure. high levels of blood lipids.

uncontrolled cell growth

Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by high blood sugar. uncontrolled cell growth. high blood pressure. high levels of blood lipids.

uncontrolled cell growth.

A vegetarian who eats only foods of plant origin is a(n) lactoovovegetarian. lactovegetarian. vegan. ovovegetarian.

vegan

One of the richest plant sources of omega-3 fatty acids is cranberries. walnuts. tomatoes. peanut butter.

walnuts

The only proven treatment for celiac disease is dietary avoidance of wheat, barley, and rye. wheat, rice, and oats. gas-forming foods. spicy and acidic foods.

wheat, barley, and rye.

Examples of refined grain products include white potatoes and popcorn. white flour, white bread, and white rice. bread flour, grits, white rice, and buckwheat. oat flour, quinoa, and soy.

white flour, white bread, and white rice.

Saturated fat provides ______% of total calories in pita chips. 3.5 24 35 <1

3.5%

TheDietary Guidelines recommend that all Americans, starting at 2 years of age, should limit their saturated fat intake to ______ of total calories. 1% 5% 10% 35%

10%

According to the Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) of the National Academy of Sciences, ______ of calories should come from protein. 20% to 35% 45% to 65% 10% to 35%

10% to 35%

What is the RDA and minimum number of grams of carbohydrate, per day, adults must consume to avoid ketosis? 75 100 130 250

130

Photosynthesis occurs when 6 molecules of carbon dioxide combine with 6 molecules of water using energy from the sun to form _______ molecule(s) of glucose and release _______ molecule(s) of oxygen into the air. 1; 1 1; 6 6; 1 6; 6

1; 6

Two tablespoons (tbsp) of salad dressing or peanut butter is about the size of a yoyo. a softball. a tennis ball. 2 dice.

2 dice.

Pat purchases a 2-liter bottle of root beer. This would be approximately 2 quarts. 4 cups. 2 gallons. 2 pints.

2 quarts

How many different amino acids are used in the synthesis of body proteins? 5 9 20 29

20

The food label of your beverage lists the serving size as ½ bottle and the calories per serving as 100 kcal. If you drank the entire bottle, you consumed ______ kcal. 200 75 300 150

200

Penelope tracked her food and beverage intake for three days using NutritionCalc Plus. Her analysis showed an average intake of 1760 kcal and 42 grams of fat per day. According to her data, her usual diet provides approximately 21% of kcal from fat. 2% of kcal from fat. 10% of kcal from fat. 17% of kcal from fat.

21% of kcal from fat

The Adequate Intake (AI) for fiber for an adult woman who consumes about 1800 kcal per day is 10 grams per day. 18 grams per day. 25 grams per day. 38 grams per day.

25 grams per day.

The Dietary Guidelines recommends that adults of legal drinking age can choose not to drink, or to drink in moderation by limiting intake to _____ drink(s) or less in a day for men or _____ drink(s) or less in a day for women, on days when alcohol is consumed. 1; 0 2; 1 3; 2 4; 3

2; 1

The Dietary Guidelines recommends that adults of legal drinking age can choose not to drink, or to drink in moderation by limiting intake to _____ drink(s) or less in a day for men or _____ drink(s) or less in a day for women, on days when alcohol is consumed. 1; 0 2; 1 3; 2 4; 3

2; 1

Research shows that it is optimal for adults to distribute protein intake throughout the day to maintain lean mass as they age. Adults should consume approximately ______ of protein per meal at more than one meal per day to maintain healthy muscles and bones. 15 grams 30 grams 45 grams 60 grams

30 grams

The Adequate Intake (AI) for fiber for an adult man who consumes about 2700 kcal per day is 10 grams per day. 18 grams per day. 25 grams per day. 38 grams per day.

38 grams per day.

Carbohydrates provide ______ kcal per gram. 4 7 9 0

4

A recipe calls for 140 grams of chicken breast. This is equivalent to ______ ounces of chicken breast. 5 3920 8.75 1.4

5

Jose is a sedentary male who weighs 176 pounds. What is his RDA for protein? 10 grams 27 grams 64 grams 80 grams

64 grams

Fat provides ______% of the total calories in hummus. 68 8 6 30

68%

If the carbohydrate content of the diet is insufficient to meet the body's needs for glucose, which of the following can be converted to glucose? Urea Fatty acids Amino acids Ketones

Amino acids

Which type of metabolic reactions combine small, simple compounds to make larger, more complex compounds? Anabolic reactions Catabolic reactions

Anabolic reactions

Which of the following therapies is appropriate for treatment of occasional heartburn? Aspirin Antacids Orange juice Milk and cream

Antacids

In human cells, which of the following fatty acids can be made from linoleic acid? Arachidonic acid Oleic acid Palmitic acid Alpha-linolenic acid

Arachidonic acid

What substance helps suspend fat in a watery digestive mixture, making fat more available to digestive enzymes? Bicarbonate Mucus Bile Pancreatic juices

Bile

Which of the following combinations of plant foods will provide ample amounts of all nine essential amino acids? Garbanzo beans and kale Black beans and rice Wheat bread with sesame seeds Green beans and tomatoes

Black beans and rice

Osteoporosis is a condition of compromised ______ health. cardiovascular bone kidney brain

Bone

Which of the following is true about the energy content of nutrients? Lipids supply 7 kcal per gram. Carbohydrates and proteins supply 4 kcal per gram. Alcohol supplies 9 kcal per gram. Lipids and alcohol supply 9 kcal per gram.

Carbohydrates and proteins supply 4 kcal per gram.

Margaret, an older woman, needs to limit her calorie intake without sacrificing needed nutrients. Keeping MyPlate in mind, which of the following could she do? Eliminate carbohydrates Carefully select foods rich in nutrients but low in calories Count calories and not worry about the food groups Eliminate dairy foods

Carefully select foods rich in nutrients but low in calories

Which of the following describes type 1 diabetes mellitus? Arises most commonly in adulthood Caused by insensitivity of fat and muscle cells to insulin Often associated with obesity Caused by lack of insulin production

Caused by lack of insulin production

Which of the following is true about the dietary patterns to promote optimal nutritional status? Eat primarily fruits and vegetables because we can get all the nutrients we need from those sources. Do the best you can but take nutritional supplements to fill in the deficient areas. Choose a variety of options from each food group because no single food meets all human nutrient needs. Eat only plant products because animal products are environmentally toxic and generally filled with hormones for animal growth.

Choose a variety of options from each food group because no single food meets all human nutrient needs.

Mrs. Mitchell was hospitalized after being found unconscious in her home. A dietitian conducted a nutritional assessment, noting the general appearance of Mrs. Mitchell's skin, eyes, and tongue. Which part of the assessment is this? Medical history Diet history Biochemical evaluation Clinical examination

Clinical examination

Which statement best describes nutrient density? Choose a number of different foods within any given food group rather than the same old thing. Consume a variety of foods from MyPlate's five major food groups every day. Plan your entire day's dietary intake so that you do not overconsume nutrient sources. Consume foods that have the most nutrients when compared to their calories.

Consume foods that have the most nutrients when compared to their calories.

______ are protein-based substances that enhance digestion by making chemical reactions more likely to happen. Neurotransmitters Emulsifiers Enzymes Hormones

Enzymes

Which of the following hormones is released during stressful times to increase blood glucose levels, making more energy available for use? Insulin Epinephrine Glycogen Progesterone

Epinephrine

Which of the following is an important dietary recommendation for avoiding heartburn? Eat smaller meals that are lower in fat. Consume milk or cream with meals. Eat meals low in carbohydrate. Avoid fluids.

Eat smaller meals that are lower in fat.

Fatty fish, such as salmon, are rich sources of which omega-3 fatty acid? Arachidonic acid (AA) Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)

Butter contains mostly ______ fatty acids. saturated trans monounsaturated polyunsaturated

saturated

Which organ system defends the body against pathogens? Immune system Skeletal system Respiratory system Nervous system

Immune system

_____ occurs when the cells do not respond to normal insulin signals to take up glucose from the bloodstream. Hypoglycemia Glycogen load Insulin resistance Metabolic syndrome

Insulin resistance

Which of the following is true about protein? It is unique in that it is the only dietary component that contains selenium. It is important primarily for increasing bone density. It is made up of combinations of approximately 20 amino acids. It is made up of combinations of approximately 20 fatty acids.

It is made up of combinations of approximately 20 amino acids.

Which organ produces urine? Kidney Ureter Urethra Urinary bladder

Kidney

Which of the following is the largest unit of measurement? Centigram Milligram Microgram Kilogram

Kilogram

Which of the following is an essential amino acid? Alanine Cysteine Glycine Leucine

Leucine

TheDietary Guidelines stresses the importance of adhering to key recommendations for preventing nutrition-related chronic diseases. Which of the following dietary recommendations aligns with theDietary Guidelines? Reduce dietary cholesterol intake to less than 300 milligrams per day. Limit intake of monounsaturated fat to less than 5% of total calories. Obtain a minimum of 150 minutes of vigorous exercise daily. Limit intake of added sugars to less than 10% of total calories.

Limit intake of added sugars to less than 10% of total calories.

What is one function of the lower esophageal sphincter? Prevents intestinal contents from backing up into the stomach Prevents esophageal contents from emptying too quickly into the stomach Prevents stomach contents from backing up into the esophagus Prevents intestinal contents from emptying too quickly into the colon

Prevents stomach contents from backing up into the esophagus

Which of the following is a true statement about the effects of sugar? Prolonged exposure of the teeth to simple sugars from snacks and drinks promotes dental caries. A high-sugar diet will cause hyperactivity among children. A high sugar intake is not problematic as long as the overall diet is high in protein. Natural sources of sugar, like honey, are lower in calories than their processed counterparts, such as high fructose corn syrup.

Prolonged exposure of the teeth to simple sugars from snacks and drinks promotes dental caries.

Which section of MyPlate is the least significant source of carbohydrate? Grains Vegetables Fruits Protein Dairy

Protein

Which of the following is representative of theDietary Guidelines recommendations for meal planning? Selecting low fat dairy choices over high fat Incorporating several servings of animal sources of protein per week Consuming refined grain breads and cereals Eliminating all fruits to lose weight

Selecting low-fat dairy choices over high fat

Which of the following is a hereditary condition caused by an incorrect amino acid in a protein chain? Kwashiorkor Sickle cell anemia Marasmus Edema

Sickle cell anemia

Which of the following describes the process of starch digestion? Starch to lactose to galactose Starch to maltose to glucose Starch to glycogen to glucose Starch to sucrose to fructose

Starch to maltose to glucose

Human enzymes digest proteins in which areas of the body? Mouth and stomach Mouth and small intestine Stomach and small intestine Small and large intestines

Stomach and small intestine

Which of the following is a major contributor of discretionary calories in American dietary patterns? Sugar-sweetened beverages Diet soft drinks Canned fruits Whole grain breakfast cereals

Sugar-sweetened beverages

Which of the following is a major contributor of discretionary calories in American dietary patterns? CSugar-sweetened beverages Diet soft drinks Canned fruits Whole grain breakfast cereals

Sugar-sweetened beverages

Which term describes failing health that results from a dietary pattern that is chronically inadequate? Desirable nutrition Food insecurity Undernutrition Inferior nutrition

Undernutrition

Glycogen is a highly branched carbohydrate that serves as the storage form of glucose in humans. carbohydrates containing many glucose units that are stored in adipose cells. a six-carbon monosaccharide that usually exists in a ring form that is closely related to glucose. a digestible, straight-chain resistant starch composed of glucose units.

a highly branched carbohydrate that serves as the storage form of glucose in humans.

A food label states that a serving of a particular product provides 20% of the Daily Value for fat. This means that when you eat a serving of this product, you will be getting one-fifth of the RDA for fat. a serving of this product provides about 15.6 grams of fat. this product is not a good choice to achieve your nutritional needs. fat makes up 20% of the weight of the food product.

a serving of this product provides about 15.6 grams of fat.

Amino acids are absorbed via active absorption. passive diffusion. facilitated diffusion. osmosis.

active absorption.

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend limiting intake of added sugars. gluten. dietary fiber. carbohydrates.

added sugars

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend limiting intake of added sugars. gluten. dietary fiber. carbohydrates.

added sugars.

Adequate Intakes (AI) are established for nutrients for which there is not enough information to set RDAs. are established for carbohydrate, total fat, and dietary fiber. represent minimum nutrient needs. are established for all vitamins and minerals.

are established for nutrients for which there is not enough information to set RDAs.

Individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU) should avoid stevia. aspartame. high fructose corn syrup. saccharin.

aspartame

Individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU) should avoid stevia. aspartame. high fructose corn syrup. saccharin.

aspartame.

A person with a deficiency of alcohol dehydrogenase would become intoxicated at low levels of alcohol intake. have a high tolerance for alcohol. be able to pass a breathalyzer test even with a blood alcohol concentration of 0.08 or higher. feel ill due to an accumulation of acetaldehyde in the blood.

become intoxicated at low levels of alcohol intake

Minerals can provide energy. be destroyed during cooking. be degraded by the body. become part of body structures.

become part of body structures.

Missy visits a doctor because she feels tired most of the time, is easily distracted, and feels chilled. As part of her examination, Missy has blood drawn to be tested for concentrations of nutrients and their by-products. This part of the examination is the anthropometric assessment. physical examination. biochemical evaluation. clinical examination.

biochemical evaluation.

Edema appears when there is a severe lack of dietary protein because sodium is retained in the body. blood protein levels fall and fluid shifts into extracellular spaces. the blood vessels become more permeable to ions. the kidneys are unable to concentrate urine.

blood protein levels fall and fluid shifts into extracellular spaces

Leucine, isoleucine, and valine are branched-chain amino acids. conditionally essential amino acids. limiting amino acids. complementary amino acids.

branched-chain amino acids

Among children with kwashiorkor, calorie intake may be low, but protein intake is severely deficient. intakes of both calories and protein are severely deficient. protein intake may be low, but calorie intake is severely deficient. calorie intake may be low, but carbohydrate intake is severely deficient.

calorie intake may be low, but protein intake is severely deficient.

Which of the following foods is cholesterol free? Canola oil Mozzarella cheese Salmon Butter

canola oil

The red blood cells and brain are two body tissues that derive most of their energy from fat. protein. carbohydrate. iron.

carbohydrate.

Fiber and starch belong to the class of nutrients known as carbohydrates. protein. lipids. minerals.

carbohydrates.

A monounsaturated fatty acid contains only one carbon-carbon single bond. carbon-carbon double bond. phosphate group. hydrocarbon ring.

carbon-carbon double bond

In the case of sickle cell anemia, slight alterations in the DNA code lead to defects in the membranes of red blood cells. changes in the structure of the protein hemoglobin. poor use of glucose for energy. inability of red blood cells to make protein.

changes in the structure of the protein hemoglobin.

Kwashiorkor appears in children between the ages of 2 and 5 years. The reason is that growth needs are low. children have been weaned from breast milk to starchy gruels. by this time, adequate exposure to other children allows them to catch it. protein intake has been high for a long enough time to cause kidney damage.

children have been weaned from breast milk to starchy gruels.

Sucralose (Splenda®) is made by adding lactose to sucrose. chlorines to sucrose. sucrose to galactose. sucrose to glucose.

chlorines to sucrose

Immediately after a meal, newly absorbed dietary fats appear in the blood as high-density lipoproteins. low-density lipoproteins. chylomicrons. very-low-density lipoproteins.

chylomicrons

Food proteins are used most efficiently when we consume a very-low-kilocalorie diet. consume a low-carbohydrate diet. consume enough carbohydrates and fats to meet our kilocalorie needs. consume them with alcohol.

consume enough carbohydrates and fats to meet our kilocalorie needs.

The nitrogen from amino acid breakdown is stored in the liver. oxidized to carbohydrate. converted to urea. converted to fat.

converted to urea.

Over the past 40 years, rates of ______ have declined among American adults. deaths of cardiovascular disease cancer screenings obesity diabetes

deaths of cardiovascular disease

Over the past several decades, the consumption of fluid milk in the United States has increased. decreased. remained the same.

decreased

Glucose is also known as sucralose. sorbitol. xylitol. dextrose.

dextrose.

Jeff, a world-class triathlete, visits a dietitian to obtain sports nutrition advice. During his visit, Jeff is asked to recall what he ate for the past 24 hours. Which part of a nutritional assessment is this? Biochemical evaluation Dietary assessment Clinical examination Menu planning

dietary assessment

Amylose is a digestible, straight-chain type of starch composed of glucose units. an indigestible branched-chain type of starch composed of glucose units. a group of polysaccharides that are found in plant cell walls. an indigestible dietary fiber sequestered in plant walls.

digestible, straight-chain type of starch composed of glucose units.

During digestion, the gallbladder and pancreas empty their contents into the duodenum. jejunum. ileum. cecum.

duodenum

A disturbance in the balance of beneficial and harmful microorganisms in the human GI tract is called dysbiosis. dyspepsia. inflammatory bowel disease. synbiosis.

dysbiosis.

A comparison of the calorie content of a food to the weight of that food is energy density. nutrient density. body density. diet quality.

energy density.

EER refers to a set of nutrient recommendations that includes RDAs, AIs, and ULs. estimated calorie needs for the average person in a specific life stage. a person's actual calorie needs, as measured by calorimetry. the level of dietary intake of a nutrient that is likely to meet the needs of nearly all healthy individuals in a particular life stage and sex.

estimated calorie needs for the average person in a specific life stage.

The symptoms of diabetes may occur suddenly and may include extreme thirst and excessive urination. chronic insomnia. sudden weight gain. decrease in appetite.

extreme thirst and excessive urination.

The function of the intrinsic factor is to facilitate absorption of vitamin B-12. solubilize minerals in the chyme. emulsify fats in the small intestine. lubricate the passage of food through the GI tract.

facilitate absorption of vitamin B-12.

During rest and light activities, ______ are the main fuel for muscles. fatty acids amino acids phospholipids monosaccharides

fatty acids

Triglycerides are composed of glycogen and fatty acids. fatty acids and glycerol. lactic acid and glycogen. glucose and fatty acids.

fatty acids and glycerol.

Lipid-loaded white blood cells that form plaque in blood vessels are called lymphocytes. neutrophils. foam cells. liposomes.

foam cells.

An example of an approved Nutrition Fact label claim includes calcium and heart disease. sodium and cancer. folate and neural tube defects. whole grains and diabetes.

folate and neural tube defects.

The most reliable source of vitamin B-12 for the vegan would be fortified soybean milk. shellfish. cheese. eggs.

fortified soybean milk.

Hydrogenation changes a fat from a liquid to a solid. from a solid to a liquid.

from a liquid to a solid.

The monosaccharides important in nutrition are glucose, fructose, and lactose. fructose, glucose, and galactose. fructose, glucose, and maltose. sucrose, fructose, and glucose.

fructose, glucose, and galactose.

Major fructose sources include milk and cheese. fruits and sweetened beverages. fruits and vegetables. nuts and seeds.

fruits and sweetened

Major fructose sources include milk and cheese. fruits and sweetened beverages. fruits and vegetables. nuts and seeds.

fruits and sweetened beverages.

Diabetes is a group of diseases characterized by high blood sugar. uncontrolled cell growth. high blood pressure. high levels of blood lipids.

high blood sugar.

Food manufacturers prefer to use ______ as a sweetener because it is easy to transport, has good shelf-stability, is low cost, and improves food properties. table sugar high-fructose corn syrup sucralose (Splenda®) honey

high-fructose corn syrup

In passive diffusion, nutrients move across a membrane from an area of ______ nutrient concentration to an area of ______ nutrient concentration. higher; lower lower; higher

higher; lower

The process of adding hydrogen to the double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids to extend the shelf-life of food products is called emulsification. respiration. oxidation. hydrogenation.

hydrogenation

Most plant proteins are ______ proteins, which means that they are low in one or more of the essential amino acids. nonessential complementary incomplete branched-chain

incomplete

When eating a high-fiber dietary pattern, one should ______ fluid intake. decrease increase not change

increase

A protein that acts as a hormone is insulin. trypsin. pepsin. hemoglobin.

insulin.

To which body part does blood travel to pick up oxygen and release carbon dioxide? Heart Lungs Liver Kidneys

lungs

Immediately after digestion in the small intestine, most dietary fats are absorbed into the lymph. bile. urine. blood.

lymph

Dietary avoidance of poorly digested carbohydrates known as fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) may be a useful therapy for irritable bowel syndrome. heartburn. gallstones. inflammatory bowel disease.

irritable bowel syndrome.

Protein is a major component of body structures. supplies 9 kcal per gram. is the body's main source of fuel during physical activity. functions as a solvent.

is a major component of body structures.

A child with marasmus a bloated abdomen due to edema. is hyperactive and irritable. is very susceptible to infections. has bowed legs and a deformed ribcage.

is very susceptible to infections.

A child with marasmus has a bloated abdomen due to edema. is hyperactive and irritable. is very susceptible to infections. has bowed legs and a deformed ribcage.

is very susceptible to infections.

An omega-3 fatty acid has ______ at the third carbon from the methyl end. its first single bond its first double bond an acid group a phosphate group

its first double bond

Lactose intolerance is caused by a milk allergy. lactase deficiency. milk bacteria. intestinal bacteria.

lactase deficiency.

A vegetarian who excludes animal flesh but consumes milk and eggs is referred to as a(n) lactovegetarian. lactoovovegetarian. vegan. ovovegetarian.

lactoovovegetarian

The scientific name for milk sugar is maltose. glucose. mannose. lactose.

lactose

The disaccharides important in nutrition are sucrose, maltose, and lactose. fructose. dextrose. galactose.

lactose.

Most lipids are transported in the blood as part of a structure called a(n) emulsifier. lipoprotein. phospholipid. micelle.

lipoprotein.

Where is the chief site of alcohol metabolism? Brain Stomach Liver Kidneys

liver

Consumption of fatty fish at least twice a week is recommended to provide omega-3 fatty acids. However, some fish—especially swordfish, shark, king mackerel, and tile fish—can be a source of ________, which is toxic in high amounts. vitamin A conjugated linoleic acid fluoride mercury

mercury

A statistical examination that pools the data from multiple research studies to determine overall trends is called a meta-analysis. randomized controlled trial. cohort study. peer review.

meta-analysis

Many legumes are deficient in the essential amino acid ______, while grains are limited in lysine. methionine alanine lysine arginine

methionine

An omega-9 fatty acid has its first double bond starting at the ninth carbon from the acid group. alpha end. glycerol. methyl end.

methyl end.

Which of the following is a food that provides ample amounts of all of the essential amino acids? Wheat Peanut butter Black beans Milk

milk

The organelles that are known as the power plants or the powerhouses of the cell are the mitochondria. lysosomes. ribosomes. nuclei.

mitochondria.

Olive and canola oils contain mostly ______ fatty acids. saturated Correct! monounsaturated polyunsaturated

monounsaturated

Olive and canola oils contain mostly ______ fatty acids. saturated monounsaturated polyunsaturated

monounsaturated

Recent research shows that older adults need ______ the current RDA for protein for adults. more than less than

more than

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth. stomach. small intestine. pancreas.

mouth

When insulin is released, it causes the liver to break down glycogen and release glucose into the blood. muscle and fat cells to take up glucose from the blood. fat breakdown and release from fat tissue. the liver to make glycogen from protein.

muscle and fat cells to take up glucose from the blood.

The major storage sites for glycogen are the muscles and liver. kidney and muscles. liver and kidney. liver and pancreas.

muscles and liver.

The visual food grouping guidelines most recently released from the United States government are called The Food Guide Pyramid. The Basic Four Food Groups. MyPyramid. MyPlate.

my plate

Proteins are unique among the macronutrients because they are a source of ______ for the human body. carbon nitrogen oxygen hydrogen

nitrogen

The muscular contractions that move food through the digestive tract are called regurgitation. peristalsis. propulsion. compression.

peristalsis.

The disease phenylketonuria (PKU) illustrates how a nonessential amino acid can become conditionally essential as a result of a genetic disease. A person with PKU has a limited ability to metabolize the essential amino acid phenylalanine. lysine. methionine. tyrosine.

phenylalanine

Cell membranes are made of a double layer of lipoproteins. phospholipids. mucus. protein.

phospholipids.

The outer shell of a lipoprotein is primarily made of phospholipids. free fatty acids. cholesterol. cellulose.

phospholipids.

Soybean oil is a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids. monounsaturated fatty acids. saturated fatty acids. trans fatty acids.

polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Donovan has been consuming large quantities of food and, in violation of safe rules of athletic training, is injecting testosterone. He has been seeing large temporary gains in muscle mass. He is in a state of negative protein balance. positive protein balance. energy equilibrium. protein toxicity.

positive protein balance

Donovan has been consuming large quantities of food and, in violation of safe rules of athletic training, is injecting testosterone. He has been seeing large temporary gains in muscle mass. He is in a state of negative protein balance. positive protein balance. energy equilibrium. protein toxicity.

positive protein balance.

Metabolic by-products of the microorganisms that live in and on the human body are called probiotics. postbiotics. prebiotics. synbiotics.

postbiotics.

Selectively fermented ingredients that result in specific changes in the composition or activity of the gastrointestinal microbiota and confer benefits upon the host are called probiotics. FODMAPs. prebiotics. gluten.

prebiotics

Yogurt, miso, and sauerkraut can be sources of probiotics. NSAIDs. immunoglobulins. intrinsic factor.

probiotics.

The Nurses' Health Study includes more than 280,000 participants. When participants enrolled in the study, they agreed to have their lifestyle behaviors and health parameters assessed repeatedly over the coming years so that researchers could explore relationships between lifestyle and health risks. The Nurses' Health Study is a ______ cohort study. prospective retrospective

prospective

The Nurses' Health Study includes more than 280,000 participants. When participants enrolled in the study, they agreed to have their lifestyle behaviors and health parameters assessed repeatedly over the coming years so that researchers could explore relationships between lifestyle and health risks. The Nurses' Health Study is a ______ cohort study. prospective retrospective

prospective

The function of thick mucus in the stomach is to promote fat digestion. activate gastric enzymes. protect stomach cells from acid and enzymes. activate pancreatic enzymes.

protect stomach cells from acid and enzymes

Antibodies are chemical messengers produced by glands. catalysts that speed the rate of chemical reactions. compounds that transport lipids through the blood. proteins produced by white blood cells as part of the immune response.

proteins produced by white blood cells as part of the immune response.

A(n) ______ is a medication that inhibits the ability of gastric cells to secrete hydrogen ions. proton pump inhibitor NSAID antacid antibiotic

proton pump inhibitor

The villi of the small intestine provide an enormous surface area that facilitates absorption. store fat-soluble vitamins. continuously push food through the small intestine to the colon. inactivate enzymes consumed with food.

provide an enormous surface area that facilitates absorption.

The main function of carbohydrates is to provide energy. promote growth and development. regulate body processes. prevent cancer.

provide energy

The stomach empties into the small intestine through the pyloric sphincter. lower esophageal sphincter. sphincter of Oddi. ileocecal sphincter.

pyloric sphincter.

The stomach empties into the small intestine through the pyloric sphincter. lower esophageal sphincter. sphincter of Oddi. ileocecal sphincter.

pyloric sphincter.

Unsaturated fatty acids are susceptible to damage by exposure to light, oxygen, or heat. This breakdown of fatty acids may cause disagreeable flavors and odors in food products. A fatty acid that has been damaged in this way is rancid. hydrogenated. emulsified. desaturated.

rancid

Unsaturated fatty acids are susceptible to damage by exposure to light, oxygen, or heat. This breakdown of fatty acids may cause disagreeable flavors and odors in food products. A fatty acid that has been damaged in this way is rancid. hydrogenated. emulsified. desaturated.

rancid.

Dietary patterns that are high in _______ tend to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer. legumes fish nuts and seeds red meat

red meat

Of all the alcohol sources, ______ often is singled out as the best choice because of the added bonus of the many phytochemicals present. red wine wine coolers light beer hard cider

red wine

TheDietary Guidelines emphasize reduction of both total calories and physical activity. reduction of added sugars, alcohol, saturated fat, and sodium. increase in animal protein and refined grains. increase in all types of dairy products.

reduction of added sugars, alcohol, saturated fat, and sodium

TheDietary Guidelines emphasize reduction of both total calories and physical activity. reduction of added sugars, alcohol, saturated fat, and sodium. increase in animal protein and refined grains. increase in all types of dairy products.

reduction of added sugars, alcohol, saturated fat, and sodium.

Plant-based diets may reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease. This is likely due to the fact that, compared to animal sources of protein, plant sources of protein are lower in dietary fiber. saturated fat and cholesterol. one or more essential amino acids. phytochemicals.

saturated fat and cholesterol.

To reduce their risk for many chronic diseases, Americans should limit their intakes of saturated fats. whole grains. phytochemicals. carbonated water.

saturated fats

The Dietary Guidelines recommend limiting intake of ______ to less than 10% of calories starting at age 2. saturated fatty acids trans fatty acids essential fatty acids total fat

saturated fatty acids

Added sugars are no longer limited in theDietary Guidelines. are not included on the new food label. should be limited to less than 10% of total calories per day starting at age 2. must include all sugars and artificial sweeteners that are added during food processing or cooking on the Added Sugars declaration of Nutrition Facts labels.

should be limited to less than 10% of total calories per day starting at age 2.

Nutrients are primarily absorbed from the stomach. small intestine. large intestine. liver.

small intestine

The primary site of lipid digestion and absorption is the small intestine. large intestine. liver. stomach.

small intestine.

Transmission of nerve impulses relies on the concentrations of ______ in the neuron. sodium and potassium vitamin D cholesterol B vitamins

sodium and potassium

The processes by which certain white blood cells identify and destroy pathogens are part of the ______ immune response. specific (adaptive) nonspecific (innate)

specific (adaptive)

The natural alternative sweetener derived from a South American plant is called aspartame (Equal®). saccharin (Sweet-n-Low®). sucralose (Splenda®). stevia (Sweet Leaf®, Truvia®).

stevia (Sweet Leaf®, Truvia®).

Pepsin is a protein-digesting enzyme produced by the liver. pancreas. stomach. small intestine.

stomach

The digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and accessory organs. Which of the following organs is part of the GI tract? Liver Pancreas Stomach Gallbladder

stomach

The intrinsic factor is produced by cells in the stomach. small intestine. liver. pancreas.

stomach

The function of the gallbladder is to store bile. store digestive enzymes. produce mucus. produce bicarbonate.

store bile

The major function of adipose tissue is to maintain blood glucose. store energy. store bile. synthesize cholesterol.

store energy

When protein consumption is in excess of body needs and energy needs are met, the excess amino acids are stored as fat. excreted in the urine. stored as amino acids in muscle. stored as amino acids in the liver.

stored as fat.

The top source(s) of added sugars in the U.S. population is(are) desserts and sweet snacks. sugar-sweetened beverages. breakfast cereals and bars. coffee and tea.

sugar-sweetened beverages.

The food components that yield the highest percentage of calories from carbohydrates are corn flake-type cereal, rice, bread, and noodles. peas, broccoli, oatmeal, dry beans and other legumes. cream pies, French fries, and fat-free milk. table sugar, honey, jam, jelly, and fruit.

table sugar, honey, jam, jelly, and fruit.

In order to make healthful and logical nutrition decisions, beware of testimonials about personal experience. reputable publication sources. registered dietitian nutritionists. evidence from a variety of scientific studies.

testimonials about personal experience.

Jackie has an alcohol use disorder. Her liver has been damaged to such a degree that it cannot produce the appropriate blood proteins for fluid balance. She develops a condition called edema, which is extreme thirst due to the high concentration of proteins in the blood. the accumulation of fluids in extracellular spaces. loss of muscle mass. irregular heart rate.

the accumulation of fluids in extracellular spaces.

Heartburn is caused by an esophageal tear near the heart. the backflow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus. consuming spicy and acidic foods. the backflow of intestinal contents into the stomach.

the backflow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus.

The Mediterranean Diet Pyramid represents the dietary patterns of people from parts of the Mediterranean region that enjoy the lowest recorded rates of chronic diseases. the lowest adult life expectancy. the highest intake of saturated fat. the lowest intake of carbohydrates.

the lowest recorded rates of chronic diseases.

Studies indicate an association between TV advertising of foods and drinks and _____, especially in the United States. dollars spent at restaurants purchase of more nutritious products from grocery stores the prevalence of childhood obesity the number of meals eaten at home

the prevalence of childhood obesity

Nutrition" is the science that links foods to health and disease. the study of diet and disease patterns among various populations. the use of dietary supplements to cure diseases. the practice of eating only healthy foods.

the science that links foods to health and disease.

Looking at the ingredients list on a jar of spaghetti sauce, you see that olive oil is the second ingredient. This means that olive oil is the second ingredient by alphabetical listing. just one of the ingredients present in the sauce. the second most abundant ingredient by weight. the second most abundant ingredient by volume.

the second most abundant ingredient by weight.

The RDAs for nutrients are set to cover the needs of 97% to 98% of the population. based on the dietary intakes of people who appear to be maintaining nutritional health. by the FDA for food labeling purposes. based on a person's height and weight.

to cover the needs of 97% to 98% of the population

The RDAs for nutrients are set to cover the needs of 97% to 98% of the population. based on the dietary intakes of people who appear to be maintaining nutritional health. by the FDA for food labeling purposes. based on a person's height and weight.

to cover the needs of 97% to 98% of the population.

The RDAs for nutrients are set to cover the needs of 97% to 98% of the population. based on the dietary intakes of people who appear to be maintaining nutritional health. by the FDA for food labeling purposes. based on a person's height and weight.

to cover the needs of 97% to 98% of the population.

A(n) _______ is made up of a glycerol backbone attached to three fatty acids. lipoprotein chylomicron eicosanoid triglyceride

triglyceride

A good suggestion for eating in a heart-healthy way would be to avoid all treats. trim fat off meat before and after cooking it. take vitamin E supplements. avoid foods high in monounsaturated fat, such as olive oil.

trim fat off meat before and after cooking it

A good suggestion for eating in a heart-healthy way would be to avoid all treats. trim fat off meat before and after cooking it. take vitamin E supplements. avoid foods high in monounsaturated fat, such as olive oil.

trim fat off meat before and after cooking it.

Saturated fats are primarily animal fats, such as found in butter and beef fat. They can be found naturally in foods, including _____, and are also added during food processing and cooking. canola oil nuts and seeds avocados tropical oils

tropical oils

In the United States, approximately ______ of adults are overweight or obese. one-quarter one-third one-half two-thirds

two-thirds