nutrition midterm!!!
Which of the following substances is secreted by the human stomach?
Hydrochloric acid
________ acid is an essential fatty acid.
Linoleic
Which of the following statements is true?
The pyloricsphincter controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine.
Which of the following characteristics increases a person's risk of type 2 diabetes?
Weighing more than average
Which of the following foods is a rich source of starch?
White rice
Antonio has severe chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). To reduce his likelihood of developing heartburn, his physician recommended that he ________.
avoid overeating during meals
Avi's salivary glands do not secrete amylase. As a result of his condition, his mouth cannot ________.
begin starch digestion
The body can make limited amounts of ________ acid from alpha-linolenic acid.
eicosapentaenoic
Iron, calcium, and carbon are ________.
elements
Jillian drinks a couple of beers and smokes over a pack of cigarettes daily. Even though she's about 40 pounds overweight, she likes to wear tight-fitting clothes. Based on this information, Jillian has a high risk of developing ________.
gastroesophageal reflux disease
Amanda is a three-year-old who has a condition that is characterized by the inability of her pancreas to produce cholecystokinin. Based on this information, she ________.
has difficulty digesting food
Lena's 4-year-old son is not well. He lacks much interest in playing, he has lost weight, his breath has a strange odor, and he seems to be thirsty all the time. Based on this information, Lena should ______.
have her son tested for type 1 diabetes
The ________ is the second segment of the small intestine.
jejunum
To reduce her intake of added sugars, Isabelle should ______.
replace regular soft drinks with plain water
When he prepares food, Edgar wants to use ingredients that are not high in trans fat. Based on this information, which of the following fats should he include in his recipes?
Corn oil
Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids?
Corn oil
Which of the following conditions is an autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation and swelling of the intestines?
Crohn's disease
Which of the following structures normally prevents swallowed food from entering the larynx and trachea?
Epiglottis
Maltose is the disaccharide that is in milk.
False
Which of the following statements is true?
Most enzymes havenames that end with - ase.
Which of the following physiological changes is a result of catabolic chemical reactions?
Muscle loss that normally occurs in older adults
________ is a mineral nutrient.
Nitrogen
Sari would like to compare amounts of polyunsaturated fat in two brands of canned tuna. She should read the ________ on each product's label.
Nutrition Facts panel
Which of the following statements is false?
Peristalsis occurs when villi absorb fat.
Which of the following foods is a rich source of prebiotics?
Soybeans
Which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system?
Spleen
A molecule forms when two or more atoms are attracted to each other and held together by ________.
bonds
Brett eats ________ to increase his intake of omega-3 fatty acids.
canned sardines
The atoms of a compound, such as sugar, are held together by ________.
chemical bonds
Jared has a high risk of cardiovascular disease because he has ________.
chronic high blood pressure
Phil has type 1 diabetes and gives himself insulin injections to help manage his blood glucose level. One afternoon, Phil tested his blood and discovered that his blood glucose level was 60 mg/dl. Based on this information, Phil should _______.
consume 15 grams of glucose in a pill or gel to increase his blood glucose level
Mike likes to drink a commercially prepared milk-based beverage. According to the label, the flavored milk contains 2% milk, water, high-fructose corn syrup, molasses, vegetable oil, saccharin, and natural vanilla flavoring. The ________ in this beverage are its sources of carbohydrates.
molasses, 2% milk, and high-fructose corn syrup
Duncan was a subject in a clinical study that was designed to determine the effects of certain diets on health. While participating in the study, he was given a synthetic formula diet that provided vitamins, minerals, animal protein, purified water, and corn starch. Within a few weeks, Duncan developed patches of scaly skin on his arms and legs and bald spots on his head. When ________ was added to his formula, the signs of the nutritional deficiency disappeared.
polyunsaturated fat
Ian sweetens his hot oatmeal with a teaspoon of brown sugar. The chemical name for this type of sugar is _______.
sucrose
The bladder and kidneys are organs of the ________ system.
urinary
The lining of the small intestine is covered with ________, tiny, finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food.
villi
Which of the following organs helps maintain the body's acid-base balance by removing excess hydrogen ions?
Kidneys
Stanley would like to compare the total fat contents of packaged hotdogs. He should read the ________ on the products' labels.
Nutrition Facts panel
Which of the following physiological changes is a result of catabolic chemical reactions?
Weight loss as a result of starvation
People with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis have an increased risk of _______ cancer.
colorectal
Dorothy is an 85-year-old woman who is having difficulty swallowing. Food seems to enter her stomach too slowly. Based on this information, Dorothy probably has a (an) ________.
condition characterized by loss of peristaltic functioning
Bella is an omnivore, because she can ________.
digest and absorb nutrients from a wide variety of foods
After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into chylomicrons and enter ________.
lacteals within the villi
Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome usually includes making dietary changes and ________.
learning ways to manage stress effectively
A chylomicron is a type of ________.
lipoprotein
Coretta has severe chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). To reduce her likelihood of developing heartburn, her physician recommended that she ________.
lose excess body fat
Tyler smokes cigarettes, drinks excess alcohol, and takes aspirin regularly to treat his headaches. Based on this information, Tyler has a high risk of developing ________.
peptic ulcers
Small amounts of food move through the esophagus by involuntary muscular movements called ________.
peristalsis
In the body, fat ________.
provides energy
A food has a pH that is higher than the pH of pure water but lower than the pH of an oven cleaning solution. Based on this information, the food is a ________.
raw egg white
The body uses cholesterol to make ________.
steroid hormones
A primary function of the digestive system is the ________.
breakdown of food into nutrients
The ________ is the smallest living functional unit in an organism.
cell
Anna has type 1 diabetes and gives herself insulin injections to help manage her blood glucose level. One morning, Anna tested her blood before she ate breakfast and discovered that her blood glucose level was 88 mg/dl. Based on this information, Anna should _______.
do nothing to intervene, because her fasting blood glucose level is normal
In the human intestinal tract, cooked rice is broken down into ________ molecules that can be absorbed.
glucose
Layla has a high risk of cardiovascular disease, because of her family history and ________.
high blood levels of LDL cholesterol
Having high blood levels of ________ may increase a person's risk of CVD.
homocysteine
Certain organs and tissues use ________ to send messages to target cells.
hormones
Bill recorded his food intake for a week and then used a computerized dietary analysis program to analyze his diet record. According to the results of the analysis, his average fat intake was ________ of total calories each day, which is within the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range.
25%
Which of the following foods has a high glycemic index (70 or more)?
Baked potato
Prebiotics are substances in food that the human body digests to form probiotics.
False
If you wanted to include starchy food in your meal, which of the following foods would you add?
Potatoes
Which of the following statements about food labels is true?
The Nutrition Facts panel provides information about total carbohydrates in a serving of food.
Human cells contain organelles, including ribosomes and mitochondria.
True
Humans do not make intestinal enzymes that digest the dietary fiber cellulose.
True
Which of the following characteristics increases a person's risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)?
Type 2 diabetes
Which of the following nutrients is made by gut microbiota?
Biotin
When he prepares food, Nick wants to use a product that is a rich source of unsaturated fat. Based on this information, which of the following fats should he select?
Canola oil
Which of the following substances is a simple sugar?
Fructose
Which of the following sweeteners provides 4 kcal/g?
Sucrose
Which of the following foods is a rich source of starch?
Sweet potatoes
A scientist discovers a new chemical in the leaves of a rare tropical plant. When trying to determine the role of the chemical, the scientist determined that it is not a structural part of the plant's cells or a pigment that contributes to the color of the plant's leaves. She was able to learn that the chemical sped up a particular chemical reaction involving the plant's metabolism. Based on this information, the new chemical is a (an) ________.
enzyme
An ________ is a compound that speeds up (catalyzes) a chemical reaction.
enzyme
This morning, Margie's fasting blood glucose level indicated that she has hyperglycemia and pre-diabetes. Based on this information, her fasting blood glucose level was ________ mg/dl.
120
Amanda consumes approximately 2500 kcal/day. According to recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, she should limit her saturated fat intake to fewer than ________ kcal/day.
250
According to the original Nutrition Facts panel on a package of reduced-fat cream cheese, a 1 oz serving of the cream cheese supplies 70 kcal; 50 of the kcal are from fat. Based on this information, fat contributes about ________% of total kcal.
71
Maggie was a subject in a clinical study that was designed to determine the effects of certain diets on health. While participating in the study, she was given a synthetic formula diet that provided vitamins, minerals, egg protein, purified water, and potato starch. Within a few weeks, Maggie's hair began to fall out and she developed patches of scaly skin on her arms and legs. Which of the following substances should be added to her formula to treat her nutritional deficiency?
Essential fatty acids
Peanut oil is a richer source of polyunsaturated fatty acids than high-linoleic sunflower seed oil.
False
The Nutrition Facts panel does not need to indicate amounts of "Added Sugars" in a serving of food.
False
Ulcerative colitis is a temporary condition that develops after the large intestine is surgically removed.
False
According to Cleo's physician, her blood cholesterol level is too high. Which of the following foods can Cleo add to her diet to help lower her cholesterol?
Ready-to-eat oatmeal cereal
Which of the following statements is true?
The cholesterol carried by oxidized LDL is taken up by certain arterial cells and deposited in plaque.
Leonard has a disease that causes his lacteals to become blocked. Based on this information, his ________.
intestinal tract does not absorb much fat
Compared to an unsaturated fatty acid, a trans fatty acid ________.
is less likely to undergo oxidation