Nutrition - Module 4

A friend of yours has just been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. He needs to lose a little weight and his dietitian said he should try to eat 1,500 calories per day to lose 1-2 pounds per week. She also said "eat 55% of your calories from carbohydrate". He doesn't know what this means because carbohydrates are listed in "grams" on the food label and not in "percent of total calories". Figure out for your friend approximately how many grams of carbohydrate per day he should eat if he is on a 1,500 calorie diet (round your answer if necessary).

200g of carbs per day 1500 calories X 0.55 (55%) = 825 kcal from carb question doesn't care about kcal from carb, it asks of grams of carb there are 4 kcal per gram of carb 825 kcal from carb divided by 4 kcal per gram = 206 g carb

The fast food smoothie contains only a small amount of fruit. It has 60 grams of carbohydrate: approximately 15 grams from 1 serving of fruit, approximately 5 grams from the milk products and the additional 40 grams of carbohydrate come from added sugar. If there are 4 grams of sugar in a teaspoon of sugar, how many teaspoons of added sugar are in this fast food smoothie? (Note: milk sugar does not count as added sugar.)

40 grams of added sugar divided by 4 grams per teaspoon of sugar equals 10 teaspoons of added sugar in this fast food smoothie.

The fast food smoothie consists primarily of added sugars, resulting in a product with less volume than the homemade fruit smoothie (although both have roughly the same amount of calories per serving). Approximately how much more volume is in the homemade smoothie than in the fast food smoothie? (Hint: use grams per serving to determine this answer.)

From the Intake Spreadsheet report Day 2, 1 serving of this recipe is 747 grams; from the Intake Spreadsheet report Day 1, 1 serving of the fast food smoothie has 428 grams. 747 divided by 428 = 1.75 times the volume.

One of the benefits of making your own fruit smoothie versus buying a fast food, prepared one is that the homemade smoothie contains real fruit and dietary fiber. How does the dietary fiber content of the fast food smoothie on Day 1 compare to the homemade fruit smoothie on Day 2?

From the Intake Spreadsheet report for Day 1 the fast food smoothie contains 3 g dietary fiber. From the Intake Spreadsheet report for Day 2 the homemade fruit smoothie contains 6 g dietary fiber.

The only carbohydrate in the homemade fruit smoothie comes from naturally occurring sources of milk and fruit sugar. Use the "i" information icon next to the ingredients in your Strawberry Banana Smoothie recipe to determine which ingredient contributes the greatest amount of carbohydrate in this recipe. (Hint: in Track Diet click Recipes and Edit Recipe and "i" next to ingredient to view individual ingredient information.)

From the ingredient information in Recipes, Banana (1 item) contains 27 g carbohydrate.

Competitive athletes often "carbohydrate load" in the weeks leading up to their athletic events. The point of carbohydrate loading is to maximize the athlete's glycogen stores. What is glycogen?

Glycogen is a polysaccharide that is the storage form of glucose in humans. Glycogen is stored in the liver and muscle tissues of humans

On the weekends, Blaine sometimes sleeps for 12 hours. During this time, he does not eat. When he wakes up in the morning, what hormonal action is likely going on because of this long lapse in carbohydrate and food intake?

His pancreas releases glucagon in response to low levels of glucose in the blood When your blood sugar drops - as it likely would after a 12 hour period of not eating - your pancreas releases glucagon. Glucagon stimulates the breakdown of liver glycogen into glucose to supply your body with energy in the absence of carbohydrate intake.

Protein and fiber contribute to satiety (the feeling of fullness). How does the protein content of the homemade fruit smoothie compare to the protein content of the fast food smoothie?

There is 5 times the protein in the homemade fruit smoothie as there is in the fast food smoothie From the Intake Spreadsheet report Day 2 the homemade smoothie has 10 g protein. From the Intake Spreadsheet report Day 1 the fast food smoothie has 2 g protein.

On the Nutrition Facts panel, Sugars are listed under and as part of Carbohydrate content. How does the carbohydrate and sugar content of the fast food smoothie on Day 1 compare to the homemade fruit smoothie on Day 2?

There is more carbohydrate and more sugar in the fast food smoothie From the Intake Spreadsheet report Day 1, the fast food smoothie contains 60 g carbohydrate and 54 g sugars. From the Intake Spreadsheet report Day 2, the homemade fruit smoothie contains 53 g carbohydrate and 34 g sugars.

This class is having an effect on your fiber intake and you start buying whole wheat bread instead of white bread. You notice that the whole wheat bread gets moldy or rancid faster than your white bread did. Why is this?

Whole wheat bread contains the germ, the germ has a little fat in it and fat makes things go bad faster than fat-free versions would

Where do the majority of the calories in the fast food fruit smoothie on Day 1 come from?

Carbohydrate From the Intake Spreadsheet report Day 1, there are ? in the fast food smoothie and 60 grams of carbohydrate; 60 grams of carbohydrate times 4 grams per carbohydrate equals 240 calories from carbohydrate, or 92% calories from carbohydrate.

At a fasting blood test last week, your grandfather's fasting blood sugar read 129 mg/dL. A follow up test showed a reading of 159 mg/dL. What is his diagnosis?

Diabetes Fasting blood sugar of 126 mg/dL or more on 2 separate occasions is diagnostic criteria for diabetes.

Added sugars are harmful to health because they add excessive calories with no other nutrients. The homemade fruit smoothie contains more of which nutrient(s) than the fast food smoothie?

All of the above - From the Intake Spreadsheet report Day 2, there is more Potassium, Vitamin C, and Folate in the homemade fruit smoothie than in the Day 1 fast food smoothie.

Which of the following meals would be likely to elicit the lowest glycemic response?

A meal of brown rice, chicken, cheese and broccoli

The only carbohydrate in the homemade fruit smoothie comes from naturally occurring sources of milk and fruit sugar. Use the "i" information icon next to the ingredients in your Strawberry Banana Smoothie recipe to determine which ingredient contributes the greatest amount of carbohydrate in this recipe. (Hint: in Track Diet click Recipes and Edit Recipe to view individual ingredient information.)

Banana (0.5 item)

Fiber intake recommendations for males are higher than they are for females. Females are recommended to get 25 grams of fiber per day and males should have 38 grams or more. Why are male fiber needs higher than female fiber needs?

Because colon cancer risk for men is higher than for women and fiber intake may reduce colon cancer risk

One cup of milk provides 300 mg calcium. Based on the calcium content of the fast food smoothie from Day 1, how many cups of milk are in the fast food smoothie?

From the Intake Spreadsheet report from Day 1, the fast food smoothie contains 80 mg calcium; 80 mg calcium divided by 300 mg calcium per cup of milk = 27% or about 1/4 cup milk in this smoothie.

After a worksite blood sugar screening, your overweight co-worker is freaking out because he was informed he has pre-diabetes. What is the single most important thing he can do to prevent development of full blown diabetes?

Lose 5-10% of his body weight

There are many health benefits associated with an increased intake of dietary fiber. Soluble fiber tends to yield benefits associated with ____ health while insoluble fiber tends to yield benefits associated with ____ health.

heart; gut

Which type of diabetes is an autoimmune disorder?

Type 1 Diabetes