Nutrition practice exam 4
Which does NOT apply to the triangle test? (a) One of the sample presentation orders is AAA. (b) It is in the same category of test as paired comparison. (c) One of the sample presentation orders is ABA. (d) It can be used in panelists selection and training. (e) One of the sample presentation orders is BAA.
(a) One of the sample presentation orders is AAA.
What is TRUE about branched chained amino acids (BCAAs)? (a) Whey protein is the best source. (b) Leucine and glycine are examples. (c) Can increase body fat accumulation. (d) Does not serve as a source of protein synthesis through increased nitrogen balance.
(a) Whey protein is the best source.
Which of the following sets of information (product - simple sugar it contains - chemical form of sugar) is correct? (a) corn syrup - glucose - disaccharide (b) High fructose corn syrup - fructose and glucose - monosaccharides (c) Milk sugar - lactose - monosaccharide (d) Refined Sugar - sucrose- monosaccharide (e) Honey - fructose - disaccharide
(b) High fructose corn syrup - fructose and glucose - monosaccharides
The main applications of sensory evaluation in the food industry are: (a) establishing SOPs and GOPs. (b) in quality assurance and product development. (c) in market research and sales. (d) in formulation and purchasing. (e) in quality assurance and integrated resource management.
(b) in quality assurance and product development.
An important Buddhist value with direct relevance to diet is ahimsa; what does this word mean? (a) glorification of food diversity (b) non-violence regarding foods (c) avoiding the use of all seasonings and spices (d) interspecific diversity (e) interspecific diversity
(b) non-violence regarding foods
Which statement is not true regarding line extensions? (a) can refer to a new form of an already established product (b) require the same amount of time and money to develop as totally new products (c) typically involve concept, idea, development, and commercialization (d) can vary in terms of complexity and cost (e) are comparatively inexpensive to create
(b) require the same amount of time and money to develop as totally new products
Biotechnology, nanotechnology, irradiation, enzyme technology, and ingredient technology are associated with: (a) carbon footprint (b) technoscience (c) process safety management (d) green consumerism (e) refrigeration compliance
(b) technoscience
Which of the following is NOT a macronutrient? (a) Lipid (b) Protein (c) Calcium (d) Carbohydrate (e) All of the above are macronutrients
(c) Calcium
Select the FALSE statement as relates to the 2015-2020 DGA. (a) Dietary cholesterol is no longer believed to play a major role in blood cholesterol levels. (b) Reducing total fat (replacing total fat with overall carbohydrates) does not lower CVD (cardiovascular disease) risk. (c) The DGAC report listed total fat as a nutrient of concern and proposed restricting its consumption. (d) Lipid intake recommendations are towards liquid oils and away from solid fats. (e) The 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines focuses on weight management to prevent a broad range of dietrelated ("lifestyle") chronic diseases.
(c) The DGAC report listed total fat as a nutrient of concern and proposed restricting its consumption.
The concept of glycemic index (GI) is extremely important. Examine the figure below, showing the effects of two different foods on blood glucose. Provided are the GI values for the two food products: Product GI White bread 69 Soybeans 14 Which is the most accurate interpretation of the graph? (a) The red curve is soybeans. Since soybeans have a lower GI, it will be quickly metabolized and give higher peak of glucose. (b) The blue curve is white bread, because the glycemic index is inversely proportional to the increase in blood sugar. (c) White bread is the red curve, since higher GI foods causes a greater increase in blood sugar. (d) After 30 minutes, the blood glucose concentration of both products is the same. (e) The red curve is soybeans because it shows a lower GI.
(c) White bread is the red curve, since higher GI foods causes a greater increase in blood sugar.
When a food business makes an effort to reduce the weight and volume of its packaging, which often contains significant recycled content, this is ... (a) evidence that the company is ignoring environmental issues. (b) evidence that the company is all about profits. (c) evidence that the company is likely aware of consumer attitudes (d) both (b) and (c) (e) both (a) and (b)
(c) evidence that the company is likely aware of consumer attitudes
In the value chain, suppliers provide or ________ materials to businesses; from these, __________ generate __________ for __________. (a) trade; distributors; products; businesses (b) distribute; consumers; products; revenue (c) input; businesses; products; consumers (d) export; businesses; products; distributors (e) none of these
(c) input; businesses; products; consumers
In sensory work, it is possible to control variability in data and minimize error. All of the following help accomplish this, EXCEPT: (a) randomization of sample presentation order. (b) proper experimental design selection to allow assessment of interaction effects. (c) layout of sensory evaluation area so that it is open to the food preparation area. (d) use of individualized sensory booths of neutral color and proper lighting. (e) use of three-digit coding of samples (examples: 528, 209, 743)
(c) layout of sensory evaluation area so that it is open to the food preparation area.
Consider the following scenario: Jane eats dinner at fast food restaurants five nights per week - and in order to consume a diverse diet, he selects fried chicken, taco, burger, pizza, and fried shrimp restaurants. What may be a problem with this approach? (a) the foods here do not represent any cultural diversity (b) the approach here does not create any dietary diversity (c) the diet represented here, though varied, does not offer high nutritional value (d) although a fast food diet, the food choices would likely be low in fat and calories (e) none of these
(c) the diet represented here, though varied, does not offer high nutritional value
Which statement does not belong with the others? (a) the genes of Agrobacterium have been discovered in sweet potato DNA (b) sweet potato is an example of a naturally transgenic crop (c) the sweet potato can be considered a natural GMO food (d) Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and corn (e) the issue of GMO food safety
(d) Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and corn
Select the FALSE statement: (a) Co-op members procure from and/or provide goods and services to the cooperative. (b) Co-ops enable farmers to increase their bargaining power and increase profits. (c) A co-op is a private business organization that is owned and controlled by the people who use its products, supplies or services. (d) Co-ops only provide goods and services directly to export markets. (e) It is possible for co-ops to be out-competed in the market.
(d) Co-ops only provide goods and services directly to export markets.
What is a "knockout mouse"? (a) a laboratory mouse that has received a punch in the nose (b) a laboratory mouse that is strategically knocked on the head, thereby inactivating it. (c) a laboratory mouse that is missing an important gene due to a birth defect. (d) a laboratory mouse into which researchers have inserted an artificial piece of DNA in place of the original mouse DNA, thereby inactivating an existing gene (e) none of these
(d) a laboratory mouse into which researchers have inserted an artificial piece of DNA in place of the original mouse DNA, thereby inactivating an existing gene
The value chain involves these: (a) suppliers, businesses, consumers (b) dollar flow and production flow (c) business stock trading, consumer activists, broadcast news television (d) both (a) and (b) (e) choices (a), (b), and (c)
(d) both (a) and (b)
Which defines "green consumerism"? (a) consumers who are "green with envy" (b) consumer demand for products produced in ways which do not harm the environment (c) consumer demand for products which provide health benefits when consumed (d) both (b) and (c) (e) none of these
(d) both (b) and (c)
Which panelist selection and training criterion should NOT be applied to all sensory test situations? (a) consistent correct responses (b) healthy personal status (c) lack of food allergies (d) socioeconomic level and cultural background (e) ability to recognize duplicate samples
(d) socioeconomic level and cultural background
On the topic of food diversity, which statement is LEAST correct? (a) food diversity is consistent with improved nutrition and health. (b) food diversity supports cultural diversity. (c) food diversity has been declining with the advent of corporate farming. (d) the trend toward urbanization has shifted consumer demand away from a processed food diet. (e) agricultural productivity in developed nations has shifted to a narrower range of crops.
(d) the trend toward urbanization has shifted consumer demand away from a processed food diet.
Which statement is TRUE regarding grains? (a) Refined grains have the bran and germ removed to improve texture and shelf life. (b) Consists of food made from wheat, rice, oats, cornmeal, barley or another cereal grain (c) White bread and white flour are examples of refined grain products (d) Enriched grains can involve adding iron and some vitamin B back to refined grain products (e) All of the above statements are TRUE regarding grains
(e) All of the above statements are TRUE regarding grains
Correct definition for unintentional species that cohabitate or infest the planned crops, such as herbivore pests (rodents), weeds, and plant pathogens: (a) intraspecific diversity (b) planned agricultural diversity (c) unplanned agricultural diversity (d) interspecific diversity (e) associated agricultural diversity
(e) associated agricultural diversity
In considering a 21st century Green Revolution strategy, the challenge may be to find ways to partner large agribusinesses with local farmers for joint profit, while simultaneously . . . (a) addressing the food demands of affluent consumers (b) addressing the food needs of those struggling with poverty and hunger (c) creating ecosystem crises (d) both (b) and (c) (e) both (a) and (b)
(e) both (a) and (b)
Which foundations of human identity were discussed in the chapter as relevant? (a) one's culture, personal development and group identity within the culture (b) one's culture, one's own self-development, and social relationships with other people (c) one's social status, criminal record history, and nutritional status (d) one's socioeconomic status, one's nutritional status, political view, and education (e) both (a) and (b)
(e) both (a) and (b)
Vanilin is: (a) FDA-approved sugar substitute (b) made from wood pulp and eugenol (c) is used as a synthetic sweetener in baked goods and desserts (d) both (a) and (b) (e) choices (a), (b), and (c)
(e) choices (a), (b), and (c)
The __________ sees the need to process food to achieve certain quality outcomes, while the __________would want to understand how the processing affects the availability of key macro- and micronutrients. (a) food blogger; nutritionist (b) food advertiser; food technologist (c) food marketing specialist; nutritionist (d) green consumer; food technologist (e) food technologist; nutritionist
(e) food technologist; nutritionist
Choose the correct answer based on the statements below: I) Agrobiodiversity refers to the varieties of microorganisms, plants, and animals specific to food and agricultural uses. II) Biotechnology research could help small farmers and poor consumers, as it can develop pest and drought resistant crops. III) Muslim foods are classified as halal (permitted), haram (prohibited), and mashbooh (questionable, and best avoided). (a) Only III is true. (b) Only I and II are true. (c) All are true. (d) Only II and III
All are true
Carbon dioxide and ammonia are options to be used as substituents for R-22 refrigerants but they are currently not allowed by OSHA
False
Small-chain fatty acids contain from 6 to 12 carbons, and these are the fatty acids esterified to glycerol in medium-chain triglycerides.
False
The Mediterranean diet has been linked with longevity and other health benefits and is based on a vegetarian pattern.
False
True or False: Essential nutrients are nutrients that are synthesized by the human body.
False
True or False: For a food scientist to successfully create a functional food such as a beverage containing enhanced levels of healthy substances like phytochemicals or prebiotics, having advanced knowledge of food processing is the only requirement.
False
True or False: In 2015, the Millennial generation surpassed Generation X to become the largest living generation, providing new challenges for the food industry
False
True or false: Sensory Specific Satiety (SSS) refers to the feeling of fullness that we get after consuming all the components (entrée, sides, dessert) of a meal.
False
4. True or False: Worldwide agricultural change is dependent upon various factors, including economic, social, political and environmental challenges.
True
Discrimination sensory tests can also be called difference tests and they attempt to answer whether any difference exists between two types of products.
True
Insect-resistant cotton and herbicide-resistant soybean are some examples of GI (genetically improved) crops.
True
The duo-trio test can be used to determine whether an overall difference exists between samples where no specific attributes can be identified as having been affected.
True
True or False: Ammonia is a naturally occurring biological substance that functions well as a refrigerant, but it is also classified as a hazardous material due to being caustic to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes
True
True or False: Conceptually, nutrigenomics essentially refers to how food molecules interact with our genes and our DNA
True
True or False: Most of the new crops that were successful in the Green Revolution were the locallyconsumed staples of grain (rice, wheat, maize) as well as tuber crops and certain fruits and vegetables, while most modern agricultural biotechnology research originates from and is held by private sector firms.
True
True or False: Some consumers may feel that processed foods are less healthy and have too many added chemicals plus fat, while others are aware that food processing/food technology can provide enhanced shelf-life and safety, and help meet sustainability goals for global food security needs
True
True or False: The food industry is placing much emphasis in the development of new products to appeal to health and weight-conscious consumers.
True
True or False: Unlike government regulated terms like organic, there are no set regulations establishing claim for clean label products.
True
an example of question that should be addressed in the commercial stage of a product development is: How much operating time must be devoted to new product manufacture at the manufacturing plant?
True
Fill in the blank: Traditional Jewish dietary laws dictate the requirements for what are called ________________ foods. In terms of animal foods, cows and chickens are _________________, while pigs and shellfish are ___________________ a) kosher; permitted; prohibited b) Jewish; prohibited; permitted c) Kosher; prohibited; permitted d) halal; permitted; prohibited e) halal; prohibited; permitted
a) kosher; permitted; prohibited
______________ is the combination, under a single ownership, of two or more stages of production or distribution (or both) that are usually separate. a) Merging b) Vertical integration c) Economic combination d) Partnership
b) Vertical integration
If you are participating in a sensory analysis and you receive a card with the following instructions: "In front of you have two cookie samples. Test each and select which one you prefer in terms of flavor" Which kind of test is this? a) Descriptive test b) Time-intensity test c) Duo-trio test d) Paired comparison test e) Both b and c
d) Paired comparison test
Which statement is FALSE? (a) biodiversity is the extent or sum of species, ecosystems, and genetic variety for a given geographic region (b) since food diversity increases as one moves toward the tropics, biodiversity there is probably high as well (c) experts do not completely agree regarding the meaning of food diversity and factors that determine it (d) food diversity is the extent of the variety of food generally available to consumers in a given geography or locality (e) food diversity, but not biodiversity, varies by location, and is not evenly distributed (whether locally, regionally, or globally)
food diversity, but not biodiversity, varies by location, and is not evenly distributed (whether locally, regionally, or globally)