Nutrition Quizzes (Modules 1-6)

condensation

A chemical reaction wherein two molecules combine to form one larger product is called ____________?

cornstarch

A food label ingredient list reads in the following order: wheat flour, vegetable shortening, sugar, salt, and cornstarch. What item would be found in the SMALLEST amount in this food?

nutrient density

A measure of the nutrients a food provides relative to the energy it provides; the more nutrients and the fewer kcalories, the higher the __________?

18.5

A person is considered underweight until his BMI reaches __________?

preschool-age children

A reference protein is determined by comparing its amino acid composition with the essential amino acid requirements of _________?

methionine

A vegetarian who plans a meal involving black beans can consume all the essential amino acids by adding another a plant protein rich in ________?

lysine

A vegetarian who plans a meal involving rice can consume all the essential amino acids by adding another a plant protein rich in ________?

20,000

About how many protein-coding genes are in the human genome?

8 g

About how much protein is provided by 1 cup of milk?

2 to 4.7

According to the DRI, what percentage of the daily energy intake should be provided by linoleic acid?

structure-function claim

According to the FDA, a food label that reads "improves memory" is an example of a _______?

at least twice a week

According to the Mediterranean diet Pyramid, how often should one eat fish and seafood?

blacks have denser bones and hight body protein concentrations than whites

Alfred is an African-American long-distance runner whose BMI classifies him as obese. Why might this be?

giant protein molecules

Antibodies are __________?

the stomach becomes inflamed

Atrophic gastritis is a chronic condition in which _________?

the GI tract is injured

Because of the way in which the body handles folate, a folate deficiency can occur if ___________?

70%

Chronic diseases are responsible for _______ of adult deaths in the U.S.?

water

Condensation is a chemical reaction that releases _________?

35%

Diets with up to ________ of calories from fat can be compatible with good health if energy intake is reasonable?

60%

Fat supplies about _______ of the body's ongoing energy needs during rest?

fermentable

Fibers that can be digested by bacteria in the GI tract are called ________?

methionine

From which amino acid can choline be made?

muscles and liver

Glycogen is defined as a storage form of glucose, manufactured and stored in the body's _________?

vitamin B12

High intakes of folate can mask a deficiency of which nutrient?

dividing weight by height squared

How is body mass index determined?

35%

How many people in the world digest and absorb lactose efficiently throughout their adult life?

proteins attract water

How to proteins regulate fluid balance?

4 lbs

Imagine that an adult consumes 500 excess kcalories each day for two weeks. About how much weight would that person gain?

more protein

In comparison to a low-density lipoprotein, a high-density lipoprotein contains _______?

the addition of a methyl group

In epigenetic study, methylation involves __________?

protein

In the USDA Food Patterns, in which food group are legumes found?

small intestine

In which part of the GI tract do enzymes hydrolyze the disaccharides into monosaccharides?

small intestine

In which part of the GI tract does most fat digestion occur?

kilojules

Internationally, work energy is measured in?

tripeptides

Intestinal tripeptidases cleave ________?

15

Jules burns 100 kcalories during her morning walk. How many additional kcalories is she likely to burn in the post-exercise period?

affect weight loss about the same as low-fat diets

Low-carbohydrate diets ________?

two glucose units

Maltose, or malt sugar, is a disaccharide composed of?

10,000

Meeting an activity goal of ______ steps a day is an excellent way to support a healthy BMI?

strawberries

Of the following foods, which one is the best source of vitamin C?

select fewer energy-dense foods

Of the following, which is the best advice for lowering energy intake for weight loss?

milk

Of these foods, which has the greatest vitamin B12 bioavailability?

green, leafy vegetables

Of these foods, which is not a good source of folate?

soy milk

Of these foods, which is the best source of thiamin?

double bonds

Oleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid. Linoleic acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid. They differ in their number of _________?

vitamin D

On the updated Nutrition Facts panel, the content of which of these vitamins must be provided?

brush and floss regularly

One way to prevent dental caries is to restrict the intake of sugary foods. A more effective way is to ________?

2%

Reducing saturated fat intake by 1% can be expected to produce a ____ drop in heart disease risk?

hips and thighs

Research shows less susceptibility to health problems when excess body fat is distributed around the ________?

a protein-making machine

Ribosome is composed of RNA and protein and can be thought of as _______?

soybeans

Tempeh is made from _______?

20% to 35%

The DRI suggests a diet that provides _________ of the daily energy intake from fat?

total daily energy intakes increased significantly

The NHANES studies energy nutrient data over the past 35 years. What were their findings?

98%

The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for a nutrient meets the needs of about ________ of the population?

olive oil

The Seven Countries Study found that Mediterranean countries have low rates of heart disease because they consume more ________ in their diet?

milk

The combination of galactose and glucose make the principle carbohydrate of ________?

one day

The liver can store enough glycogen to meet the body's energy needs for _______?

balance

The principle of providing foods in proportion to one another and in proportion to the body's needs in known as?

0.8

The protein RDA for adults is _______ grams per kilogram?

alcoholics

The risk of thiamin deficiency is doubled in ________?

iron

The synthesis of collagen requires vitamin C to work with what other nutrient?

3500

Though it has limitations, a basic rule of energy balance states the 1 pound of fat is stored for each _______ kcalories eaten in excess?

replication

To be accepted into the body of nutrition knowledge, research findings must stand up to rigorous, repeated testing in experiments conducted by other researchers. This is called?

eat a high-kcalorie diet and exercise regularly

Trevor is an underweight long-distance runner. To achieve a healthy body weight to improve his performance, he must __________?

he likes how strawberries taste

Treyvon eats strawberries more than any other food. Based on what you've learned about influences on food choices, what would be the most likely reason Treyvon eats strawberries?

ammonia fragments

Urea is formed by carbon dioxide and two _____________?

antigens

Viruses, bacteria, and toxins are examples of __________?

2500

Weight maintenance may require a person to expend a minimum of ___________ kcalories in physical activity per week?

tryptophan

What amino acid has been advertised in the popular media for treating insomnia and depression?

provide bulk and feelings of fullness

What do cellulose and ligin fibers do in the body?

the side group

What element of their chemical structure differentiates one amino acid from another?

saturated fat content must be listed

What is a feature of the of the updated Nutrition Facts panel?

it can determine the effects of a variable

What is a strength of laboratory-based studies?

epinephrine

What is the "fight or flight" hormone, formerly called adrenaline?

80 g

What is the average daily protein intake in the U.S.?

appropriate kcalorie levels support adequate nutrition, good health, and a healthy body weight throughout life

What is the first guideline from 'The 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans' that encourages healthy eating patterns?

kidney dysfunction

What is the most likely reason for having an abnormally high blood urea level?

thiamin pyrophosphate

What is the name of the coenzyme form of thiamin?

pork

What is the richest source of thiamin?

alcohol

What nonnutritive substance contributes energy, but does not sustain life?

vitamin c

What nutrient participates in DNA demethylation?

glycemic response

What of the following terms describes how quickly glucose is absorbed from a food after ingestion, how high blood glucose rises as a result, and how quickly blood glucose returns to normal?

liver

What organ contains special LDL receptors that play a crucial role in controlling blood cholesterol?

coconut oil

What product has the highest amount of saturated fatty acids?

70%

What proportion of the U.S. adult population is considered overweight or obese?

vitamin A and C

What two major nutrients are supplied by the fruit group?

pancreas

When blood glucose falls, which organ responds first?

negative nitrogen balance

When nitrogen losses exceed the amount of nitrogen taken into the body, the person is in _______?

10

When people give up cigarettes, they gain an average of ____ pounds in the first year?

vitamin B6

Which B vitamin is stored extensively in muscle tissue?

tryptophan

Which amino acid is the precursor to niacin?

chylomicrons

Which are the largest and least-dense of the lipoproteins?

mild products and plant foods only

Which food items are consumed in the diet of a lactovegetarian?

soybeans

Which food source is rich in lecithin?

1/2 cup black beans

Which food will provide 5 to 8 grams of fiber?

watermelon

Which fruit has a high glycemic index?

a catholic woman who fasts on Good Friday to honor religious custom

Which individual is making a food choice based on values?

rapid heartbeat

Which is not a potential side effect of high intakes of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids?

many have proved to be harmful

Which is true of nonprescription weight-loss products?

gelatin

Which of the following cannot support growth and health as a diet's sole protein?

a fatty acid with the chemical make-up of linoleic acid but with a different configuration

Which of the following defines the term "conjugated linoleic acid"?

amylase

Which of the following enzymes begins digestion?

lingual lipase

Which of the following is a fat-digesting enzyme secreted from the mouth?

it helps form collagen

Which of the following is a function of vitamin C?

glucose

Which of the following is a monosaccharide sometimes known blood sugar?

olives

Which of the following is a potentially healthful source of monounsaturated fats?

it helps with carbohydrate, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolism

Which of the following is an important function of vitamin B6?

niacin

Which of the following is known to be toxic in large doses?

chewing food

Which of the following is not a metabolic activity?

bile

Which of the following is not a sterol?

a good source is egg whites

Which of the following is to true of biotin?

the addiction shares some psychological systems involved in rewards and self-control

Which of the following is true of carbohydrate cravings and addictions?

large doses of the nicotinic acid form can raise HDL cholesterol

Which of the following is true of niacin?

it occurs in three forms

Which of the following is true of vitamin B6?

they help enzymes participate in release of energy form carbohydrates, proteins, and fats

Which of the following is true of vitamins in general?

declining nutrient stores, abnormal functions within the body, and overt signs

Which of the following reflects the correct sequence of stages in the development of a nutrient deficiency?

people who eat breakfast frequently have a lower BMI than those who avoid breakfast

Which of the following reflects the importance of eating breakfast?

27

Which of the following represents the BMI of a person classified as overweight?

fructose suppresses appetite

Which of the following statements about fructose is FALSE?

using discretionary kcalories will maximize weight loss

Which of the following statements about physical activity ad weight loss is FALSE?

it typically is slightly lower than the BMR

Which of the following statements about the resting metabolic rate is FALSE?

almost every action in the body requires the assistance of vitamins

Which of the following statements accurately describes vitamins?

neither subjects nor researchers know which subjects are in the control or experimental groups

Which of the following statements describes a double-blind experiment?

conditionally essential amino acids

Which of the following terms describes an amino acid that is normally dispensable, but must be supplied by the diet in special circumstances when the need for it exceeds the body's ability to make it?

eicosapentaenoic acid

Which of these is a member of the omega-3 family?

flounder

Which of these protein foods is the leanest?

folate

Which one of these nutrients must be used to enrich grains?

legumes

Which plants of the bean and pea family have seeds that are rich in protein when compared with other plant-derived foods?

flaxseed oil

Which product provides the most omega-3 fatty acids?

hemoglobin

Which protein has a quaternary polypeptide structure and carries 80% of the body's iron?

olestra is an artificial fat that delivers a small amount of energy

Which statement about fat replacers is FALSE?

it is treated with insulin injections

Which statement about hypoglycemia is FALSE?

aspirin works to reduce the symptoms of infection or pain by retarding the synthesis of certain eicosanoids

Which statement accurately describes essential fatty acids?

it is used as an emulsifier by the food industry

Which statement accurately describes lecithin?

restricting dietary protein helps slow the progression of kidney disease

Which statement accurately describes the relationship between dietary protein and kidney function?

honey

Which sweetener is formed from nectar and always contains a mixture of sucrose, fructose, and glucose?

muscles dysmorphia

Which term refers to a psychiatric disorder characterized by preoccupation which building body mass?

orthorexia nervosa

Which term refers to a relatively new food practice that used restrictive diets, ritualized eating patterns, and riding food avoidance?

denaturation

Which term refers to the change in a protein's shape due to the application of heat or acid?

excess body fat produces more estrogen, which may promote cancerous development

Why are overweight or obese women at higher risk for cancer of the female reproductive system?

the body requires only small amounts of them daily

Why are vitamins and minerals sometimes called micronutrients?

high-fiber foods are so filling, they are not likely to be eaten in excess

Why did the DRI committee not set an Upper Level for fiber?

they ignore dietary recommendations and allow people to eat favorite foods freely

Why do fad diets appeal to so many Americans?

both normal-weight and obese people commonly misreport actual energy intakes

Why is a potential problem with using diet histories to gauge energy intake?

to prevent neural tube defects, such as spina bifida, which may occur during the early weeks of pregnancy

Why is folate supplementation recommended for women one month before conception and during the first trimester of pregnancy?