Nutrition Test 4 Rebecca Bibby
59. The National School Lunch program is designed to follow the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and to provide at least ____ of the child's nutritional requirements for the day. a. 1/8 b. 1/4 c. 1/3 d. 1/2 e. 2/3
C
60. Which food is most susceptible to bacterial contamination? a. Roast b. Steak c. Ground meat d. Chicken breast e. Bacon
C
62. Which athlete would most likely be at risk for iron deficiency? a. A 22-year-old male long-distance runner b. An 18-year-old male strength athlete c. A 19-year-old female long-distance runner d. A 30-year-old female who is sedentary e. A 21-year-old male who is sedentary
C
62. Which of the following does not decrease basal metabolic rate? a. Increasing age b. Sleep c. Smoking d. Low-calorie diets e. Stretching exercises
C
62. World hunger is primarily a problem of ____. a. overpopulation b. inadequate food production c. unequal access to resources d. lower gas prices e. natural disasters
C
64. What is a feature of the basal metabolic rate (BMR)? a. Fever decreases the BMR. b. Fasting increases the BMR. c. Pregnancy increases the BMR. d. Females have a higher BMR than males on a body weight basis. e. Strength training decreases BMR while endurance training increases it.
C
65. The person who wishes to gain weight often has to ____. a. stop all activity b. eat lots of fats c. eat more frequently d. take vitamin pills e. focus primarily on high-carbohydrate foods
C
66. Research in obese people seems to show that there is less susceptibility to health problems provided that the excess body fat is distributed around the ____. a. stomach b. arms and chest c. hips and thighs d. neck e. shoulders
C
66. Vitamin ____ is important for collagen formation to ensure joint integrity. a. K b. D c. C d. A e. E
C
67. Juan is overweight already and Rosa is concerned that if he doesn't lose weight, he will eventually have heart disease. What steps should Juan take to minimize this risk? a. Eat fewer monounsaturated fats, such as animal fats. b. Eat more insoluble fiber. c. Swap saturated fat sources for unsaturated fat sources. d. Cook with coconut oil. e. Focus on specific foods to bring about the desired weight loss.
C
71. Gerald has restricted his calorie intake while continuing to exercise, and has been losing 1.5 pounds per week. However, when he weighs himself at the end of week 4, he notices he has not lost any weight since last week. What does this likely mean? a. Gerald's internal thermostat has slowed down his metabolism to prevent fat loss. b. Gerald is eating in his sleep at night as a response to deprivation. c. Gerald's body is retaining water temporarily as part of the fat-burning process. d. Gerald needs to reduce his calorie intake by an additional 500 calories a day. e. Gerald needs to increase his calories a small amount to prevent ketosis.
C
72. Jonathan is on his school's cross-country ski team. He finds that his weight drops about 1 pound after skiing for a few hours. What accounts for this difference? a. Jonathan has lost 1 pound of body fat. b. Jonathan has lost 1 pound of muscle tissue. c. Jonathan has lost 2 cups of fluid. d. Jonathan has lost some bone and some fat. e. Jonathan has lost primarily fat and some glycogen.
C
72. Juan's father has been depressed ever since he retired and has lost his interest in eating. What can be done to help him? a. Suggest that Juan's father start taking the herb echinacea. b. Make sure Juan's father takes a multivitamin with ephedra for extra energy. c. Encourage Juan's father and mother to eat at their community center with their friends. d. Make sure Juan's father drinks at least 6 to 8 glasses of water each day. e. Give Juan's father time to himself to work through his problems without interfering in this process.
C
73. Mary wants to lose weight in her thighs and stomach only. What should you tell her about weight loss and "spot reducing"? a. It requires special exercises. b. It works best with food reduction. c. It is not possible. d. It works best with exercise and fasting. e. It works best if vitamin supplements are also taken.
C
76. Sue's brother, Manuel, tells her that she should also be concerned about foodborne illness from botulism, and that she should not feed Tara what food to avoid this? a. Ground meat b. Pasteurized eggs c. Honey d. Chicken e. Seafood
C
76. When a formerly sedentary person is trying to become fit, ____ is very important. a. focusing exclusively on strength training b. high-intensity exercise c. following an exercise routine consistently d. low-intensity exercise e. 30 or more minutes of continuous activity
C
78. The physiological need to eat is _______. a. satiety b. appetite c. hunger d. obesity e. starvation
C
80. Muscles typically have enough glycogen to fuel _____ hours of activity. a. 1/2 to 1 b. 1 to 2 c. 1 ½ to 2 d. 4 to 5 e. 5 to 51/2
C
81. Raphael, a linebacker, is starting for his school's football team at their 10:30 A.M. game on Saturday. Among the following selections, his best pre-game food choice would be ____. a. a breakfast of scrambled eggs, toast, margarine, and coffee at 7:00 A.M. b. a snack of ice cream topped with hot fudge sauce and water at 8:30 A.M. c. a breakfast of whole-grain pancakes and 16 ounces of orange juice at 7:30 A.M. d. a snack of a banana, small box of raisins, and sports drink at 10:00 A.M e. a fruit and fiber bar at 10:00 A.M. followed by 20 ounces of fruit juice at 10:20 A.M.
C
81. _____ is removed and excreted in the urine when excess amino acids are converted to fat. a. Oxygen b. Hydrogen c. Nitrogen d. Carbon e. Ammonia
C
83. A high risk of weight-related health problems is seen in women whose waist circumference begins to exceed ____. a. 24 inches b. 28 inches c. 35 inches d. 42 inches e. 48 inches
C
85. Among the following groups, which has the highest metabolic rate? a. Females b. Older individuals c. Younger individuals d. People with smaller surface areas e. Sedentary people
C
85. Imagine you are the sports nutritionist for college athletes. What level of daily protein intake (based on desirable body weight) would you recommend for your clients? a. 0.8 to 1.6 g/kg b. 1.0 to 1.8 g/kg c. 1.2 to 2.0 g/kg d. 1.4 to 2.2 g/kg e. 1.6 to 2.0 g/kg
C
87. Short-duration, high-intensity activities are fueled primarily by ____. a. fat b. protein c. glucose d. vitamins e. glycine
C
76. Which would be an appropriate reward for meeting weight loss goals? a. Celebrate with friends at your favorite restaurant. b. Go out for drinks with your boyfriend or girlfriend. c. Attend a Sunday brunch with a buffet. d. Go to a theatre with friends to see a show. e. Skip a meal and splurge by having a favorite sweet treat instead.
D
78. A possible benefit of a moderate intake of ______ prior to an event for an endurance athlete is its glycogen-sparing effect. a. sodium b. glycine c. creatine d. caffeine e. glutamine
D
78. Aging usually decrease one's need for ______. a. calcium b. vitamin B6 c. vitamin C d. energy e. vitamin D
D
79. To identify allergic reactions, foods should be introduced to an infant _______. a. in combination with other foods b. without any seasonings c. pureed or blended d. one at a time e. after the 1st birthday
D
79. Which individual is most likely to succeed in her/his goal of losing weight? a. Susan, who is going through a divorce and has two small children b. Bob, who was just laid off from his job c. Melissa, who is in the middle of studying for final exams in college d. Dan, who is happily married and likes his job e. Karen, who has just relocated to a new city after graduating from college
D
82. Which statement correctly identifies a specific food intake behavior? a. A physiological need to eat is called satiety b. A pleasurable desire for food is called hunger c. An intense feeling of hunger is called insatiable nervosa d. A desire to eat without feelings of hunger is called appetite e. A desire to eat excessive amounts is called negative satiety
D
86. The clerk recommends that John increase his protein intake by purchasing amino acid supplements. Is this a good idea? a. Yes, because most Americans' diets lack adequate amounts of high-quality protein b. Yes, because these products have been proven to increase muscle size c. Yes, because muscle endurance increases with these products d. No, because your body converts extra amino acids to fat e. No, because excess amino acids can lead to over-hydration
D
88. To achieve cardiovascular endurance, it is recommended by the ACSM that Jill exercise at a moderate intensity at least ____ times per week for at least ____ minutes at a time. a. 3; 20 b. 7; 45 c. 2; 15 d. 5; 30 e. 6; 15
D
5. A minimum of 4 ½ servings of fruits and vegetables daily is recommended for reducing the risk of chronic diseases and their complications. a. True b. False
FALSE
6. Most vitamin B12 deficiencies seen in older adults are due to inadequate intake. a. True b. False
FALSE
7. The rates and patterns of growth in teens should be compared to their peers' growth to measure adequacy. a. True b. False
FALSE
8. Drinking sports beverages for continuous activities that last 30 to 60 minutes may enhance energy status. a. True b. False
FALSE
8. Eating undercooked or raw egg puts a person at risk for contracting hepatitis. a. True b. False
FALSE
8. The fiber recommendation for the older adult population is 7 to 14 grams per day. a. True b. False
FALSE
31. Which recommendation should be disregarded by Juan and Rosa in their efforts to offset bone loss that typically occurs with aging? a. Take calcium supplements. b. Substitute fat-free milk for soft drinks and choose non-fat yogurt as a snack. c. Purchase calcium-fortified orange juice. d. Take a vitamin A supplement once each day. e. Take a daily walk and participate in a weekly weight-training class.
D
31. Who probably expended the most calories during her or his workout? a. Joan, who weighs 130 pounds and ran 2 miles in 17 minutes b. Bernice, who weighs 130 pounds and walked 3 miles in 45 minutes c. Jason, who weighs 170 pounds and ran 3 miles in 30 minutes d. Boris, who weighs 200 pounds and walked 3 miles in 1 hour e. Alexis, who weighs 140 pounds and rode her bicycle 3 miles in 20 minutes
D
32. Which of the following is a feature of world poverty? a. Poverty causes hunger in the developing but not the developed world. b. The poorest do not bear children due to poor health. c. Poverty affects about 10 percent of the world's population. d. Women and children represent the majority of those living in poverty. e. Using agricultural land for industries typically decreases poverty-associated hunger.
D
32. ______ is the most valid criterion by which to judge the effectiveness of a diet. a. Speed of weight loss b. Amount of weight lost c. Amount of fat lost d. Maintenance of weight loss afterward e. Amount of water lost
D
33. Ordinarily, the brain and nerves rely on ____ for energy. a. fat b. ketones c. glycogen d. glucose e. maltose
D
9. A child who is overweight should be allowed as much food as desired since proper growth requires adequate nutrition. a. True b. False
FALSE
9. Basal metabolic rate is the only component of energy expenditure which an individual has voluntary control over. a. True b. False
FALSE
34. Melissa is getting ready for a party where she plans to serve grilled chicken and a raw vegetable salad. She washes her hands, takes the sealed package of chicken from the refrigerator, opens it, and places the chicken on a cutting board to remove the skin and cut it up. She places the chicken pieces in a plastic container of marinade, seals it, and places it in the refrigerator, at the same time taking out the fresh vegetables. She begins chopping them up on her cutting board. Which food safety mistake has Melissa made? a. She failed to keep cold foods cold. b. She failed to keep hot foods hot. c. She failed to store the raw foods properly. d. She failed to avoid cross-contamination. e. She failed to marinate at the proper temperature.
D
37. Supplements of _______ are not recommended for the elderly since absorption increases as we age. a. niacin b. vitamin B6 c. vitamin E d. vitamin A e. vitamin C
D
39. Manuel tells Sue there are some benefits to the use of pesticides for farmers and consumers. What characteristic is unlikely to be a benefit of pesticides? a. Pesticides can boost crop yields. b. Pesticide use contributes to the relatively low cost of fruits and vegetables. c. Pesticide use allows for a wide variety of crops to be grown. d. Some pesticides like DDT remain active for years and can build up in the body. e. Pesticides may help keep wildlife populations in check.
D
39. The American Academy of Pediatrics has taken the position that women should stop drinking alcohol ____. a. during the first trimester of pregnancy b. when they first learn they are pregnant c. throughout the entire pregnancy d. as soon as they plan to become pregnant e. when they begin taking birth control hormones
D
40. If a dancer and a typist are the same height and have the exact same body build, the dancer will be heavier because she has ____. a. more body fat b. longer bones c. more body water d. more muscle mass e. a lower BMR
D
40. You are shopping for steak; which term specifies that the cows had access to the outdoors and were given no antibiotics or growth hormones? a. Free range b. Natural c. Grass-fed d. Organic e. rBST-free
D
41. _________ is the most dangerous food hazard, according to the FDA. a. Intentional food additives b. Pesticide residues in food c. Environmental contaminants d. Foodborne illness e. Naturally occurring toxins in foods
D
41. ___________ refers to the length of time that you can keep going with an elevated heart rate—that is, how long your heart can endure a given demand. a. Cardiovascular flexibility b. Cardiovascular strength c. Cardiovascular stroke volume d. Cardiovascular endurance e. Cardiovascular load capacity
D
42. ________ is a technique that can trick the body into storing extra fuel for endurance competition. a. Overloading b. Intensity training c. Glycogen depletion d. Carbohydrate loading e. Fiber restricting
D
43. What is Jill's target heart rate if she wants to workout at 50 to 65 percent of her maximum heart rate? a. 220 to 250 beats per minute b. 200 to 210 beats per minute c. 103 to 169 beats per minute d. 94 to 122 beats per minute e. 85 to 100 beats per minute
D
43. Which of these foods did Todd have to severely limit while he was on the Atkins diet? a. Cheddar cheese b. Hot dogs c. Eggs d. Brown rice e. Steak
D
44. Maya's BMI is 23.8. Assuming her weight remains the same, how much weight should she gain for a healthy pregnancy? a. 11 to 20 pounds b. 15 to 25 pounds c. 20 to 30 pounds d. 25 to 35 pounds e. 28 to 45 pounds
D
45. The effect of regular exercise on heart and lung function is known as a. muscle fitness. b. muscle endurance. c. cardiopulmonary adaptation. d. cardiorespiratory conditioning. e. aerobic fitness.
D
47. How much additional protein do pregnant women need per day? a. No more than their usual requirements b. An additional 10 grams c. The amount equivalent to the protein in two cups of milk d. An additional 25 grams e. Their protein needs double
D
75. Foodborne illness would have the greatest impact on which individual? a. Sue, a 25-year-old school teacher b. Mary, a 12-year-old middle schooler with severe food allergies c. John, an 45-year-old computer expert d. Juan, a 34-year-old architect recovering from a cold e. Callie, a 27-year-old pregnant graduate student
E
47. What would be the best way for the parents to approach Kelly about this problem? a. Go to school and confront her with the school nurse present. b. Refuse to accept Kelly's assertion that there is no problem; tell her that they know best c. Let Kelly go to the pediatrician alone and then call the pediatrician afterward. d. Enlist the help of a reputable counselor before intervening. e. Allow Kelly to work through her own problems without intervening.
D
80. The member of a treatment team working with a person who has anorexia nervosa would be most focused on proper nutrition is the ________. a. Psychotherapist b. Nurse practitioner c. Family therapist d. Social worker e. Dietitian
E
49. What is the advantage of the Flavr Savr tomato? a. It is a brighter red than regular tomatoes. b. It has a more robust flavor than regular tomatoes. c. It grows on a shorter vine than regular tomatoes. d. It ripens more slowly than regular tomatoes. e. It is resistant to drought and several natural pests.
D
52. Excess calories, no matter whether the calories are from hamburgers or carrot sticks, will be turned to ____ within a few hours. a. glucose b. protein c. cellulose d. fat e. glucagon
D
53. Which of the following is an example of a resistance training activity that John could do? a. Yoga b. Swimming c. Power walking d. Lifting free weights e. Ballistic stretching
D
55. Cryptosoridiosis outbreaks have been linked to unpasteurized milk and ____. a. undercooked pork b. undercooked hamburger c. potato salad d. Fresh unpasteurized apple cider e. fresh broccoli
D
28. A pregnant woman's nutrient needs are higher than usual, but her energy needs are not increased during the first trimester. a. True b. False
TRUE
28. The flexibility of the body depends on its degree of elasticity. a. True b. False
TRUE
29. Protein breakdown dominates during heavy exercise, while muscle growth escalates after exercise. a. True b. False
TRUE
55. What is a primary indicator of an infant's future health status? a. Mother's weight before pregnancy b. Amount of weight gained by the mother during pregnancy c. Mother's nutrition status prior to pregnancy d. Birthweight of the infant e. Mother's activity level during pregnancy
D
56. _______ is a secretion rich in antibodies that precedes the production of milk by the breast. a. Casein b. Alpha-actalbumin c. Lactoferrin d. Colostrum e. Bifidus
D
3. During high-intensity training, the body requires more carbohydrate for fuel than it does during moderate-intensity work. a. True b. False
TRUE
58. Just like adults, many children ____. a. eat a diet low in meats and have a lifestyle high in activity b. eat a diet high in fruits and high in meats c. have a lifestyle low in activity and eat a diet high in dairy d. eat a diet low in fruits and vegetables and have a lifestyle low in activity e. eat a diet high in whole grains and high in vegetables
D
3. In proportion to size, babies need more than twice as much of many nutrients when compared to adults. a. True b. False
TRUE
59. Nancy wants to prevent her daughter Andrea from developing disordered eating patterns as she grows up. What should Nancy do? a. Scold Andrea for expressing negative emotions like anger or fear in public. b. Help Andrea learn which foods are good and bad so she can avoid bad foods. c. Ensure Andrea understands that overeating results in body fatness. d. Teach Andrea to eat only when she is hungry and stop when she feels full. e. Help her sign up for a popular diet plan that she can follow long term.
D
3. Small, local farms that are efficient in production are recommended in developing countries rather than incorporating industrial technology. a. True b. False
TRUE
30. Iron in the diet is present in the form of heme iron found in foods from animal sources, in nonheme iron found in some plant foods, and in foods that have been iron-enriched or fortified. a. True b. False
TRUE
4. Foodborne illnesses are thought to be underreported due to many people attributing the symptoms to the flu rather than food consumption. a. True b. False
TRUE
4. One of the effects of cardiovascular conditioning is an increase in total blood volume. a. True b. False
TRUE
4. Television viewing has been shown to be a contributing factor in childhood obesity. a. True b. False
TRUE
5. A low-carbohydrate diet forces the body to draw on its own protein for its needed glucose. a. True b. False
TRUE
5. Foodborne illness caused by bacteria is typically due to improper handling that has allowed the microorganisms to flourish. a. True b. False
TRUE
5. Stretching activities improve flexibility by increasing muscle and tendon elasticity and length. a. True b. False
TRUE
6. Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant that has been shown to increase athletic ability slightly when consumed in moderate amounts. a. True b. False
TRUE
6. SNAP is a federally funded initiative currently in place to reduce food insecurity in the United States. a. True b. False
TRUE
6. The nervous system will use fat for fuel when in a state of fasting or carbohydrate deprivation.a. Trueb. False
TRUE
7. As a benefit of exercise, active people may have resting pulse rates of 50 or even lower. a. True b. False
TRUE
7. Honey can be a cause of botulism. a. True b. False
TRUE
7. Inactivity is a major contributor to obesity in America in both adults and children. a. True b. False
TRUE
8. A limitation of using BMI is that it does not take into account where fat is located. a. True b. False
TRUE
9. All substances are potentially toxic, but are hazardous only if consumed in sufficiently large quantities. a. True b. False
TRUE
9. Inactivity is defined as the activity equivalent of less than 30 minutes of brisk walking each day. a. True b. False
TRUE
60. When Jill is jogging, which characteristic determines whether this activity is aerobic or anaerobic? a. The quantity of glucose in her muscles b. The quantity of lipids in her muscles c. The quantity of amino acids in her muscles d. The quantity of oxygen in her muscles e. The rate of lactic acid conversion in her liver
D
26. ______ refers to the process of altering foods through the use of living organisms. a. Irradiation b. Biotechnology c. Transmutation d. Organic food production e. Biosynthesis
B
28. Which of the following foods is best known to transmit hepatitis? a. Poultry b. Seafood c. Legumes d. Raw vegetables e. Grains
B
31. A muscle will _____ when a person stops using a muscle for a period of time due to injury, illness, or neglect. a. hypertrophy b. atrophy c. intensify d. overload e. elasticize
B
32. Stan sweats profusely when he works out at his college's weight room, even though the facility is always very cool inside. Why is this? a. Stan has a high metabolism that causes him to perspire all the time. b. Stan's working muscles give off a lot of heat, which must then be released. c. Stan drinks too much water during his workouts. d. Stan's plasma volume is not being maintained at an appropriate level. e. The room's humidity level is too low causing Stan's body to try to compensate.
B
32. Which factors are primarily responsible for the rapid increases in overweight children and adolescents in recent years? a. Genetic factors b. Environmental and societal factors c. Physical factors d. Cognitive factors e. Emotional factors
B
34. Which nutrient should Maya make sure she is consuming adequately prior to becoming pregnant to reduce the risk of neural tube defects? a. Vitamin D b. Folate c. Magnesium d. Vitamin B6 e. Vitamin E
B
34. _______ has the greatest impact on long-term health. a. Flexibility b. Cardiovascular endurance c. Strength d. Muscle endurance e. Fight-or-flight response
B
37. Kelly visits her pediatrician and he notes several symptoms. Which of these symptoms is unlikely to be due to anorexia nervosa? a. Growth of hair on the body b. Intolerance of warm temperatures c. Drying and yellowing of the skin d. Lowered blood pressure e. Severe sleep disturbance
B
38. Judy is looking for a new bread in the supermarket and found one labeled "organic." What does this mean? a. It contains 100 percent organic ingredients. b. It contains at least 95 percent organic ingredients. c. It contains between 70 and 95 percent organic ingredients. d. It contains between 60 and 90 percent organic ingredients. e. It contains more than 50 percent organic ingredients.
B
38. Which of the following is associated with bifidus factors? a. Increased iron absorption b. Increased "good" bacterial growth c. Decreased allergy protection d. Decreased hormone production e. Impaired immune response
B
39. A person wishing to develop larger muscle should ____. a. eat more protein b. train the muscles more c. take in more carbohydrates d. cut back on fatty foods e. take arginine as a supplement
B
15. Large initial changes in a person's scale weight is often temporary and due to large losses of fluid. a. True b. False
TRUE
15. The new Physical Fitness Guidelines for Americans stresses that the total amount of activity carried out each week is more important than the level of the activity. a. True b. False
TRUE
16. DDT is banned from use not just in the United States but internationally as well. a. True b. False
TRUE
16. Older persons who have problems with the activities of daily living (ADL) are more likely to be at risk for malnutrition. a. True b. False
TRUE
16. When an athlete "hits the wall," it means they have run out of glycogen stores. a. True b. False
TRUE
17. Effective obesity interventions for children tend to include a decrease in the amount of "screen time". a. True b. False
TRUE
17. Food safety today refers to a food supply that is free of foodborne pathogens as well as one that is safe from bioterrorism. a. True b. False
TRUE
17. The condition in which someone binges on all types of foods and then purges by vomiting is called bulimia nervosa. a. True b. False
TRUE
18. It is recommended that parents introduce new foods at the beginning of a meal when the child is hungry. a. True b. False
TRUE
18. Premature skeletal maturation is a potential health risk for adolescents who use anabolic steroids. a. True b. False
TRUE
19. A result of the anaerobic pathway only partially breaking down carbohydrates is a build-up of lactic acid. a. True b. False
TRUE
19. Breast milk contains powerful agents that protect against bacterial infection. a. True b. False
TRUE
19. Obesity is defined by the amount of body fat rather than one's body weight. a. True b. False
TRUE
19. The radura symbol on a food signifies that the food has been irradiated. a. True b. False
TRUE
2. Breastfeeding permits infants in many developing countries to achieve weight and height gains equal to those of children in developed countries until about 6 months of age. a. True b. False
TRUE
2. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) is a tool used to measure how well people's diets meet the Dietary Guidelines for consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, dairy, and other foods or nutrients. a. True b. False
TRUE
2. The needs for the B vitamins increase proportionally with energy expenditure. a. True b. False
TRUE
20. A diet high in complex carbohydrates is the best choice to ensure full glycogen stores. a. True b. False
TRUE
20. A more healthful, nondiet approach to weight loss is to measure success by the strides made in adopting good eating and exercise habits rather than weight on the scale. a. True b. False
TRUE
21. Increased independence in life's later years is a potential benefit of physical activity. a. True b. False
TRUE
22. Endurance athletes are more prone to developing mild iron deficiency. a. True b. False
TRUE
22. Food additives can be used to improve the texture and appearance of a product. a. True b. False
TRUE
22. Improved life expectancy has resulted from better prenatal and postnatal care and more effective means of combating disease in older adults. a. True b. False
TRUE
23. Alterations in taste and smell sensitivities may result in changes of food preferences during pregnancy. a. True b. False
TRUE
24. The Institute of Medicine's Committee on Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention recommends making schools a national focus point for obesity. a. True b. False
TRUE
25. Amenorrhea is cessation of the menstrual period often associated with an energy deficit in a female athlete. a. True b. False
TRUE
25. Low weight gain during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of having a low-birthweight baby. a. True b. False
TRUE
26. A continued desire for new knowledge and new experiences is one of the characteristics associated with good physical and mental health in later years. a. True b. False
TRUE
40. To reduce the risk of macular degeneration, Juan and Rosa should ____. a. eat a diet rich in low-fat dairy, such as 1 percent milk b. eat foods rich in antioxidants, such as cantaloupe c. eat foods high in protein but low in saturated fat, such as salmon d. choose foods high in vitamin B12, such as steak e. consume foods fortified with folate, such as breakfast cereals
B
43. What is the recommended minimum amount of time for washing hands with warm water and soap before preparing or eating food? a. 10 to 15 seconds b. 20 seconds c. 1/2 to 1 minute d. 1 to 2 minutes e. 2 to 3 minutes
B
46. Which statement best describes athletes who eat well-balanced diets? a. These athletes are less likely than sedentary people to need vitamin-mineral supplements because training reduces the body's requirements. b. These athletes are less likely than sedentary people to need vitamin-mineral supplements because they eat more food. c. These athletes are more likely than sedentary people to need vitamin-mineral supplements because training increases the body's requirements. d. These athletes are more likely than sedentary people to need vitamin-mineral supplements because they enhance performance effectively. e. These athletes have increased caloric needs, and vitamin-mineral supplements along with balanced meals significantly improves their performance.
B
46. ______ refers to the highest amount of a pesticide that is allowed in a food when the pesticide is used according to label directions. a. Toxicity level b. Tolerance c. Risk concentration d. Optimum concentration e. Adverse concentration
B
47. The EPA sets forth a reference dose for a pesticide. This represents the amount of____. a. the chemical permitted to be sprayed on a crop per growing season b. a chemical that could be consumed daily without posing any health risk c. a chemical permitted to be sprayed on a field over a 5-year period d. a chemical that could be consumed yearly without posing any health risk e. the chemical that can be applied to one acre of cropland during one growing season
B
49. In which way might dental disease lead to declines in a person's nutrition status? a. It may alter the sense of taste and lead to increased consumption of empty calories. b. It may lead to difficulty chewing and thus reduce food intake. c. It may alter cognitive ability to choose foods wisely. d. It may cause difficulties in regulating fluid balance, increasing water retention. e. It may decrease energy output and lead to obesity.
B
49. The ob gene produces a hormone called ____ that tells the body to stop eating when it is released from fat cells. a. insulin b. leptin c. glucagons d. growth hormone e. lipase
B
50. Substances widely used for many years without apparent ill effects are on the ____ list. a. FDA b. GRAS c. Delaney d. Additive Safety e. Preferred Additive
B
27. Bathing, dressing, and feeding oneself are examples of activities of daily living self-care activities. a. True b. False
TRUE
51. Bulimia nervosa may best be described as ____. a. eating closely monitored amounts of low-calorie foods b. the compulsive consumption of food followed by purging c. eating in response to social stimuli d. absence of hunger and refusal to eat e. extreme social isolation and preoccupation with death
B
54. What helps keep the body from consuming its vital tissues for energy in a prolonged diet or starvation? a. Metabolism b. Ketosis c. Carbohydrate loading d. Glycogenation e. Glycolysis
B
55. The more fit a muscle is, the ____ it can burn for energy when oxygen is present. a. less fat b. more fat c. more glycogen d. more protein e. more lactic acid
B
56. Substances not in use before 1958 are classified as food additives and subject to regulation under the ____. a. GRAS list b. Food Additives Amendment c. Food Quality Protection Act d. Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act e. Federal Food and Drug Act
B
57. To promote breastfeeding, every maternity facility should ____. a. give pacifiers to the babies when they cry b. help the mother start breastfeeding within one-half hour of birth c. give newborns infant formula to supplement breast milk d. keep healthy newborns in a nursery separate from the mother's room so the mother can rest between feedings e. help the mother and newborn develop a normal routine with established feeding times
B
59. The strength of a muscle is most accurately reflected in the ____. a. size of the muscle b. muscle's ability to work against resistance c. muscle's response time to a stimulus d. muscle's contractibility and elasticity e. muscle's performance for long periods
B
60. Which phrase best describes a very low-calorie diet? a. It contains just enough carbohydrates to avoid ketosis. b. It requires a certain amount of stress management techniques. c. It is only used as a transition to regular meals. d. It requires medical supervision. e. It is typically low in fiber and high in saturated fat.
D
60. During one of Maya's prenatal appointments, the doctor tells her that her blood pressure is elevated. She tells Maya that some of the symptoms she is experiencing are indications that she may be developing preeclampsia. What else does Maya's doctor tell her about this condition? a. Symptoms may include nausea upon getting up in the morning b. Excess protein in the urine is detected. c. Sudden weight loss (1 lb/day) occurs. d. High blood sugar is revealed by blood tests. e. Occasional headaches occur with this condition.
B
61. A patient with a high temperature complains of headache, stomachache, fever, and vomiting. Upon questioning, he admits to eating several raw eggs the day before. The most likely organism causing these symptoms is a. E. coli. b. Salmonella. c. Clostridium perfringens. d. Campylobacter jejuni. e. Staphylococcus aureus
B
62. What is gestational diabetes? a. A severe form of type 1 diabetes in newborns. b. Abnormal blood glucose tolerance during pregnancy. c. Reactive hypoglycemia expressed during the third trimester of pregnancy. d. A temporary loss of insulin secretion during the first trimester of pregnancy. e. A complication of pre-existing diabetes that can occur during pregnancy.
B
63. If Todd's starting weight was 240 pounds, what would have been healthy and realistic goal weight in six months? a. 204 pounds b. 216 pounds c. 230 pounds d. 196 pounds e. None of these weights are healthy or realistic goal weights.
B
65. Lead in food can come from ____. a. discarded electrical equipment b. lead crystal ware c. sewage sludge d. PCB containers e. corks on wine bottles
B
66. What foodborne illness does Marty likely have, considering what he ate for dinner? a. Vibrio infection b. Escherichia coli c. Shigellosis d. Mad cow disease e. Cryptosporidiosis
B
64. Manuel tells Sue that she is going overboard by insisting that everything Tara eats is labeled "organic." A disadvantage of buying certified organic foods that he mentions is that ____. a. more synthetic fertilizer residues will end up in waterways b. farmers may follow less humane animal welfare standards c. organic farming methods require greater water and energy consumption d. the food may be fertilized with improperly composted animal manure containing harmful organisms e. the foods may have lower amounts of phytochemicals
D
66. Which statement accurately describes the energy requirements of older adults like Juan's and Rosa's parents? a. Since absorption of all nutrients decreases as aging occurs, it is necessary to increase calorie intake. b. The recommended energy allowance decreases as we age due to lowered basal metabolic rates. c. The recommended calorie intake increases until age 35 and then remains constant for the remaining years. d. The recommended calorie intake increases for men only but remains constant for women after age 35. e. Even when nutritional meals are consumed regularly, a high-potency multivitamin-mineral supplement is highly advised to support increased energy levels.
B
67. The clerk recommends John purchase creatine. Which statement describes a false claim attributed to this substance? a. Creatine combines with phosphate to increase CP production in muscles. b. Creatine increases performance in long, endurance-type events. c. Creatine may enhance glycogen storage. d. Creatine may help a strength athlete complete more repetitions. e. Creatine may increase performance when doing quick, high-intensity exercises with short recovery time.
B
68. Fortunately, Marty recovered in a few days with no lasting effects; however, many people are not so lucky. Which situation would have put Marty at high risk for serious consequences from his foodborne illness? a. Having recovered from a sinus cold within the past month b. Having a kidney transplant within the past 5 years c. Being a teenager d. Running 5 miles per day e. Having completed a smoking cessation program within the past 3 months
B
68. Infants fed honey are at increased risk for a. protein malnutrition. b. botulism. c. osteopenia. d. type 1 diabetes. e. lead poisoning.
B
68. Todd is trying to evaluate his new weight-loss program. Which of the following would indicate that the diet plan offered by the program is healthful and beneficial? a. The weight-loss program insists on specific food combinations that should or should not be eaten at the same time. b. The weight-loss program promises a weight loss of about 0.5 to 2.0 pounds per week. c. The weight-loss program has rigid menus. d. The weight-loss program sells products that burn fat to be taken along with the foods. e. The weight-loss program eliminates one group of foods from a person's eating pattern.
B
69. Approximately how many people in the United States are killed by foodborne illness each year? a. 1,000 b. 3,000 c. 5,000 d. 7,000 e. 9,000
B
70. A trained muscle is better equipped to use ____ for energy and can conserve its ____ supply for a longer period of time. a. glucose; fat b. fat; glycogen c. amino acids; glucose d. glycogen; amino acids e. glucose; amino acids
B
71. A woman who needs 2,000 calories daily to satisfy her energy needs can expect to consume _____ calories per day in the third trimester of her pregnancy. a. 2,340 b. 2,450 c. 2,500 d. 3,050 e. 3,140
B
72. _______ is now recognized as the major cause of food insecurity. a. Overpopulation b. Poverty c. Inadequate food production d. Lack of education e. Bioterrorism threats
B
64. What nutrient is not recommended for an athlete to eat right before physical exertion because it slows down digestion? a. Sugars b. Sodium c. Starch d. Fiber e. Water
D
73. The biological changes associated with aging ____. a. occur at the same rate in all persons b. occur in all, but the rate may be altered by nutrition and lifestyle c. may be prevented by megadoses of vitamin E d. occur at a faster rate in males than females e. may be reversed by consuming large amounts of phytonutrients
B
73. Why are pesticides used? a. To act as preservatives in our food supply b. To kill insects, rodents, or other living things c. To enhance the flavor of soups and salad dressings d. To stimulate plant growth beyond the normal rate e. To extend the shelf-life of stored food products
B
75. Eating a diet that is ________ has been shown to increase an athlete's endurance. a. very low in fat b. abundant in carbohydrates c. moderate in fat d. high in protein e. high in fat
B
75. What is the life expectancy in the United States? a. 72 (males), 78 years (females) b. 76 (males), 81 years (females) c. 78 (males), 76 years (females) d. 78 (males), 89 years (females) e. 90 (males), 72 years (females)
B
76. Skin becomes less able to synthesize ____ as aging progresses. a. vitamin A b. vitamin D c. vitamin K d. vitamin B12 e. vitamin E
B
77. A measurement that correlates strongly with body fat content but does not identify the location of body fat is ______. a. body mass total b. body mass index c. body mass tables d. chart weights e. height-weight-ratio
B
77. It is recommended that athletes consume at least _____ of protein at each meal to satisfy the need for 1.0 to 2.0g/kg of protein per day. a. 10 g b. 20 g c. 25 g d. 30 g e. 40 g
B
77. Testing for gestational diabetes is usually done ______. a. 16 to 20 weeks b. 24 to 28 weeks c. 26 to 30 weeks d. 30 to 34 weeks e. 36 to 40 weeks
B
79. Which compound is an altered form of the omega-6 fatty acid linoleic acid and is falsely promoted to support lean muscle retention, weight loss, and increased exercise recovery? a. HMB b. CLA c. DHEA d. Glutamine e. Creatine
B
81. Which food added to an infant's diet would help prevent iron-deficiency anemia? a. Orange juice b. Enriched cereal c. Bananas d. Yellow fruits e. Bread
B
82. If a female athlete has irregular menstrual periods, what long-term complication could develop as a result? a. Diabetes b. Osteoporosis c. Obesity d. Hypertension e. Hypertrophy
B
82. More than 70 percent of all older adults can be expected to have ____. a. cancer b. hypertension c. diabetes d. arthritis e. heart disease
B
83. Long-duration, low-intensity exercise demands energy mostly from stored ____. a. sugar b. fat c. protein d. carbohydrates e. vitamins
B
89. What percentage of U.S. adults meet muscle strength and aerobic activity guidelines? a. 10 b. 20 c. 30 d. 40 e. 50
B
64. Which of these types of foods is fortified with folate in order to reduce the occurrence of neural tube defects? a. Iodized salt b. Maple syrup c. Yogurt d. Wheat bread e. Orange juice
D
65. What lifestyle or health characteristic was seen in preagricultural hunters-gathers that is not seen in modern humans? a. The food supply was much more varied than it is today. b. Efficient processing of foods eaten was not required. c. The body's metabolism was faster than it is now. d. Daily physical exertion was necessary for survival. e. Food was processed based on the "thrifty gene," which no longer applies today.
D
68. A likely result of exercising vigorously for an hour in hot, humid weather without drinking any fluids is ____. a. decreased body temperature b. decreased heart rate c. muscle swelling and inflammation d. muscle cramping and fatigue e. increased risk of hypernatremia
D
69. How much physical activity is recommended for children a. there is no recommendation b. 15 to 30 minutes c. 30 to 60 minute d. at least 60 minutes e. at least 90 minutes
D
69. The protein RDA for adults is ____ g/kg/day but up to ____ g/kg/day is recommended for athletes. a. 0.4; 0.8 b. 0.4; 1.7 c. 0.8; 1.7 d. 0.8; 2.0 e. 1.1; 2.0
D
27. Women who are pregnant should pay special attention to avoid soft unpasteurized cheese and milk products to avoid foodborne illness from _____. a. Perfringens food poisoning b. Shigellosis c. Listeriosis d. Hepatitis e. Botulism
C
29. Foodborne illness from _______ is most commonly transmitted by improperly canned foods. a. Listeriosis b. Salmonellosis c. Botulism d. Campylobacteriosis e. Shigellosis
C
31. Which statement concerning herbal remedies is accurate? a. Herbal products are safe because they come from plants. b. Composition of herbal products are closely regulated by the FDA. c. Herbal components become more concentrated when they are made into supplements. d. They are safe for pregnant women and children because they are natural. e. An herbal overdose results when toxins accumulate in the kidneys.
C
33. Which component of fitness has Jill lost if she cannot touch her toes? a. Cardiovascular endurance b. Strength c. Flexibility d. Muscle endurance e. Muscle-stimulus reaction
C
35. The mineral _____ is a key component of the body's oxygen-transporting system. a. zinc b. phosphorus c. iron d. magnesium e. chromium
C
35. Trends that promote obesity in the United States include the ____. a. abundance of green space and attractive sidewalks in most communities b. availability of milk, juice, and healthful snacks in most workplaces c. large amount of time children spend watching TV or playing video games d. small food portion sizes sold at restaurants e. increase in physical education classes in public schools
C
35. Which of the following is a nutrient-related health issue that is often seen during adolescent years? a. A peanut allergy b. Calcium deposits in soft tissues c. Anorexia nervosa d. Pica e. Protein-deficiency
C
35. _____ is an additive used by manufacturers to maintain consistency. a. MSG b. Vitamin A c. Guar gum d. Sodium chloride e. Calcium citrate
C
26. More than 50 percent of athletes use a vitamin or mineral supplement due to the documented evidence that doing so improves performance. a. True b. False
FALSE
27. The modern industrialized human is closely "programmed" to require and burn nearly the same number of calories per day as the pre-agricultural hunter-gatherer. a. True b. False
FALSE
36. A genetically engineered vegetable must be labeled as such when ____. a. its genes have been modified to make it herbicide resistant b. it is a transgenic organism c. its nutrient composition differs significantly from that of the natural vegetable d. it contains genetic material from a different type of vegetable e. its modification has resulted in a significant increase in product yield
C
36. Tom runs for his school's track team. He weighed himself before and after his race and found he had lost 2 pounds. Approximately how much water loss does this represent? a. 1/2 cup b. 1 cup c. 4 cups d. 6 cups e. 8 cups
C
38. What is not one of the benefits that regular physical activity provides to a weight-management program? a. Increased self-esteem b. Increased lean body mass c. Decreased lean body mass d. Increased motivation to continue healthy behaviors e. Increased calorie expenditure
C
39. Obesity is defined as weight that is ____ or more above the desirable weight for height or a BMI of ____ or greater. a. 10; 25 b. 25; 30 c. 20; 30 d. 20; 28 e. 15; 35
C
40. _______ is not true iron-deficiency anemia and is related to increased blood volume. a. Amennorhea b. Iron-deficiency anemia c. Sports anemia d. "Hitting the wall" e. Pernicious anemia
C
41. How can a health professional usually distinguish between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa? a. The person needs to lose weight initially with anorexia nervosa but not bulimia nervosa. b. They are not easily distinguishable. c. Anorexia nervosa leads to an emaciated look, while bulimics may be at their desirable weight. d. The bulimic usually has low self-esteem while the anorexic does not. e. Most anorexics are men and most bulimics are women.
C
42. Bob is concerned about Maya and urges her to start eating more food, especially high-fat foods. Which recommendation about weight gain during pregnancy is correct? a. It is important that Maya begin to eat about 250 extra calories each day. b. It is important that Maya double her protein intake during the first trimester. c. Maya does not need additional calories until the second and third trimesters. d. Maya should take a vitamin A supplement during the first trimester. e. Maya should increase her calories to account for the greatly increased energy demands during pregnancy.
C
42. Ketosis occurs when ____. a. a person overeats b. a person draws on glycogen for glucose c. glycogen has been depleted and body fat is used to nourish the brain d. glucagon runs out and the pancreas stops synthesizing it e. evenly spaced meals are eaten throughout the day with snacks in between
C
43. What would be a normal body weight after 1 year for a healthy infant with a birthweight of 8 lb? a. 12 lb b. 16 lb c. 24 lb d. 30 lb e. 36 lb
C
44. What advice would you offer to Todd? a. "Go back on the Atkins diet plan long term." b. "Focus on your appearance." c. "Set achievable goals for yourself." d. "Just eat soup and fruit juices for five days." e. "Have weight-loss surgery."
C
45. One characteristic of the ideal pesticide is that it would ____. a. be of animal origin b. be of vegetable origin c. quickly break down to harmless products d. be natural e. have no detectable taste
C
46. Mimi, who weighs 190 pounds, is trying to figure out a reasonable daily calorie level that will help her lose weight. You suggest she apply the "10-calorie rule," which would mean she should aim for ____ calories a day to begin with, and switch to ____ calories a day after she loses 10 pounds. a. 2,000; 1,700 b. 1,900; 1,700 c. 1,900; 1,800 d. 1,600; 1,800 e. 1,200; 1,000
C
47. The _______ is the heart rate a person must work at to achieve cardiovascular fitness. a. exercise rate b. pulse rate c. target heart rate d. training load e. maximum heart rate
C
48. On average, a man is considered obese if he has over _____ percent body fat. a. 8 b. 13 c. 25 d. 33 e. 45
C
48. Overweight children are likely to ____. a. overcome the problem and become normal-weight adults b. become underweight adults with eating disorders c. become overweight adults d. have lower risk for chronic respiratory problems e. develop healthful eating habits later in life
C
49. The clerk suggests that John look into anabolic steroids to give him the quickest results. What would you say to John about this? a. Steroids do not help build muscle. b. Excess amino acids from steroids are converted to fat. c. Steroids can lead to liver abnormalities. d. Steroids can cause diarrhea. e. Steroids help prevent male-pattern baldness.
C
70. Which of these foods would enhance the absorption of iron? a. Whole-grain pasta b. Skim milk c. Olive oil d. Walnuts e. Oranges
E
70. Which statement about farmers' markets is not true? a. Foods purchased from farmers' markets are in season and very fresh. b. Farmers' markets rely on community support as well as some government support. c. Farmers make more profit when they sell directly to consumers rather than to a food distributor. d. All produce sold at farmers' markets is certified organic. e. Farmers' markets help to decrease the size of the region's ecological footprint.
D
71. Which of the following is an example of food intoxication? a. Addition of alkaline and acidic agents to foods b. Illness produced by acute overconsumption of high-fat foods c. Addition of alcohol-containing beverages in the cooking of foods d. Illness produced from ingestion of food contaminated with natural toxins e. The drowsiness that occurs after a high protein meal is consumed
D
74. Twins raised by adoptive parents tend to have body shapes similar to their biological parents. This supports which theory of obesity? a. External cue b. Fat cell c. Behavioral d. Social influence e. Genetics
E
72. It is pizza night at the Murphy home and everyone has an opinion about what they should get as a topping on the pizza. Which choice would best support the Murphys in their goal of maintaining healthy weights? a. Peppers and pepperoni b. Sausage and garlic c. Extra cheese and sliced tomatoes d. Mushrooms and onions e. Pepperoni and Italian sausage
D
27. When protein is stored in the form of fat, it can be converted back into protein later through a process known as protein synthesis. a. True b. False
FALSE
73. At what point during a moderate-intensity workout does the body start to use rely less on glycogen and more on fat for fuel? a. The first 5 minutes b. The first 10 minutes c. At 15 minutes d. After 20 minutes e. Between 40 and 60 minutes
D
28. The incidence of obesity is declining in the United States. a. True b. False
FALSE
74. Normal weight gain during pregnancy amounts to about _____ pounds for a woman who begins pregnancy underweight. a. 11 to 20 b. 15 to 25 c. 25 to 35 d. 28 to 40 e. 40 to 45
D
74. What is the maximum heart rate (MHR) for a person who is 45 years old? a. 110 b. 135 c. 150 d. 175 e. 190
D
29. During pregnancy, absorption of both calcium and iron decreases dramatically. a. True b. False
FALSE
3. The body's density can be determined with hydrostatic weighing since fat tissue is denser than lean tissue. a. True b. False
FALSE
30. Exercising at the maximum heart rate (MHR) is only recommended for highly trained professional athletes. a. True b. False
FALSE
4. Surgery is now one of the most common and successful methods used for weight control. a. True b. False
FALSE
50. Lucy and Marcy are sorority sisters whose heights, weights, and ages are almost exactly the same. Lucy is studying engineering and walks several times a week for exercise. Marcy is an exercise physiology major who aspires to be a professional tennis player, and runs marathons as a hobby. How would you expect their healthful diets to differ? a. Lucy needs more calories and less carbohydrates than Marcy. b. Lucy needs fewer calories and more proteins than Marcy. c. Marcy needs more calories and more carbohydrates than Lucy. d. Marcy needs less carbohydrates and more proteins than Lucy. e. Since Lucy and Marcy are nearly the same heights, weights, and ages, their nutritional needs are nearly the same.
C
50. The "rule of three" recommends that ____. a. you should drink three cups of milk daily b. older adults should exercise 3 days each week to prevent weight gain c. if you want to change a behavior, you might need to try the new behavior three times before you can accept it d. individuals on weight-loss diets should eat at least three meals daily to maintain their energy levels e. three servings of fresh fruits or vegetables should be consumed each day
C
50. Which of the following is the standard classification for a low-birthweight infant? a. 3 1/2 lb or less b. 4 lb or less c. 5 1/2 lb or less d. 6 1/2 lb or less e. 9 lb or less
C
52. The hamburger was most likely the culprit in Marty's illness. What may have occurred to lead to his condition? a. The cows may have been given feed containing mammalian protein tissues. b. The meat was stored in a refrigerator at 38 degrees Fahrenheit for more than one day. c. The meat was only cooked to 150 degrees Fahrenheit. d. The meat was defrosted in the refrigerator. e. The meat may have been left at room temperature for 15 minutes before cooking.
C
53. Among popular diet plans, which has been mentioned as a good option in recent research because of its food variety and evidence-based principles? a. The South Beach Diet b. Dr. Ornish Eat More, Weigh Less c. Weight Watchers d. The New Glucose Revolution e. The Atkins diet
C
54. The best way to be sure teenagers are growing normally is to ____. a. compare their heights and weights to those of their peers b. use standardized national growth charts c. compare their heights and weights with previous measures taken d. weigh and measure them weekly e. compare their heights and weights with their parents, siblings, or other close relatives
C
54. What practice is a common food safety mistake? a. Keeping cold foods below 40 degrees Fahrenheit b. Marinating in the refrigerator c. Thawing at room temperature d. Using shallow containers to cool foods quickly in the refrigerator e. Reheating foods to a high temperature
C
54. When a marathon runner experiences the phenomenon known as "hitting the wall," what nutrient is most likely depleted? a. Water b. Protein c. Glucose d. Fatty acids e. Lactate
C
56. Adding about 50 mg of ____ per cup of a beverage is thought to enhance water absorption from the GI tract. a. sucrose b. glucose polymers c. sodium d. calcium e. glycine
C
56. Kelly's parents suspect she is purging as a means of maintaining her weight. What complication may occur as a result? a. Hair loss b. Constipation c. Tearing of the esophagus d. Excessive sleeping e. Nail growth
C
57. Mary is trying to lose weight and realizes that if she reduces her calorie intake by only 200 calories per day below her energy needs, she will lose about ____ pounds in one year. a. 10 b. 15 c. 20 d. 35 e. 0
C
57. Muscles respond to the overload of exercise by gaining ____. a. strength and fat b. size and oxygen c. strength and endurance d. glucose and carbon dioxide e. flexibility and glycogen
C
58. Joe is 50 years old and wants to calculate his target heart rate. What would be the lower and upper limits of Joe's target heart rate? a. 85 to 95 beats per minute b. 100 to 130 beats per minute c. 85 to 145 beats per minute d. 170 to 199 beats per minute e. 200 to 220 beats per minute
C
58. Stephanie goes to a personal trainer who tells her she is overweight based on her BMI. Which BMI represents a value that would be categorized as overweight? a. 21 b. 17 c. 26 d. 24 e. 31
C
59. Sue is concerned about pesticide contamination of the produce she purchases. What would you say to Sue? a. The American Academy of Pediatrics says that the health risks posed by pesticide residues are significant. b. The American Cancer Society says that consumers should only buy foods labeled "organic" to adequately protect their health. c. The risk of not eating fruits and vegetables for fear of consuming pesticide residues far outweighs the slight risk associated with these substances. d. The amount of pesticides permitted allows for a small margin of safety. e. After the FDA approves a pesticide, the EPA, in its ongoing monitoring program, begins to check for residues.
C
29. Sharon weighs 145 pounds and has tried to lose 15 pounds since 10th grade. She loses the weight without too much effort but then over the next few months she returns to her original weight. This would support which obesity theory? a. Set-point b. Fat cell c. Leptin d. External cue e. Behavioral
A
30. Within 2 hours of eating, Erik developed the following symptoms: sudden onset of severe nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and fever. Which microbial pathogen is likely to have caused Erik's symptoms? a. Staphylococcus aureus bacteria b. Clostridium botulinum c. Campylobacter jejuni d. Shigella bacteria e. Listeria monocytogenes
A
33. Maya takes Accutane (isotretinoin) for acne and hopes to continue using it during her pregnancy. What advice would you give her? a. Stop taking it immediately as it causes major birth defects, and consult your doctor. b. Continue taking it as it won't affect the outcome of the pregnancy. c. Take half the usual dose and stay out of direct sunlight. d. Stop taking it until after the first trimester; then it is safe to resume again. e. Replace the Accutane with an herbal product since this would be a safe, natural alternative.
A
34. The _______ theory claims that the body tends to maintain a certain weight by means of its own internal controls. a. set-point theory b. external cue theory c. internal cue theory d. fat cell theory e. evolutionary preset theory
A
36. Repeatedly losing and regaining weight without engaging in regular weight-bearing exercise is unhealthy primarily because ____. a. this can change body composition b. this can cause depression/anxiety c. body fat is lost and regained equally d. lean muscle tissue is lost and regained e. damage can occur to vital organs as lean tissue is spared
A
36. Which of the following nutrients need to be supplied first by solid foods in a baby's diet? a. Vitamin C and iron b. Vitamin A and zinc c. Vitamin B12 and fluoride d. Vitamin E and magnesium e. Sodium and manganese
A
37. The type of activity that relates to endurance and cardiovascular fitness is termed ____. a. aerobic b. anaerobic c. flexibility d. fast-twitch activity e. metabolic
A
37. What is the name of the largest U.S. national food recovery program? a. Feeding America b. Goodwill Food Assistance c. Salvation Army Ready-to-Eat Meals d. Food Salvage and Rescue Organization e. We CAN
A
38. _______ refers to when muscles increase in size. a. Hypertrophy b. Atrophy c. Hypotrophy d. Isotrophy e. Auxotrophy
A
44. What are the body's primary fuels used during exercise? a. Glucose and fatty acids b. Protein and fatty acids c. Protein and glucose d. Vitamins and glucose e. Glucose and B-complex vitamins
A
44. While food shopping, Sue sees a label on a package of graham crackers that reads "product made with organic ingredients." What does this mean? a. It means the graham crackers contain between 70 and 95 percent organic contents. b. It means the graham crackers contain 95 percent organic ingredients. c. It means the graham crackers contain no added preservatives but may have been irradiated. d. It means the wheat and sugar used to make the graham crackers were grown without pesticides but may contain genetically engineered products. e. It means the graham crackers contain at least 80 percent organic ingredients that were produced only in the United States.
A
45. The enzyme lipoprotein lipase (LPL) ____. a. determines the rate at which adipose cells store fat b. signals the pancreas to release insulin c. signals the gallbladder to secrete bile into the small intestine d. determines the rate at which the liver makes LDL cholesterol e. affects the hypothalamus stimulating appetite
A
46. Breast milk contains ample amounts of vitamins except _____ a. vitamin D b. riboflavin c. niacin d. pantothenic acid e. thiamin
A
48. What is the most serious risk that is posed by irradiation? a. Exposure of workers at irradiation facilities to radioactive materials b. Exposure of consumers purchasing raw meats to radioactive materials c. Production of unique radiolytic products d. Production of toxic, explosive ethylene oxide e. Unknown long-term effects of consuming fresh fruits with residual radioactive substances
A
48. Which statement best describes amino acid supplements? a. Your body cannot store them and so any excess will be converted into fat. b. The amino acid arginine can enhance weight loss by stimulating production of human growth hormone. c. The FDA has approved claims that they help control weight. d. They have been demonstrated to be safe in children and teens. e. They help prevent dehydration, which improves performance.
A
51. Sue is visiting her pregnant cousin Anna and notices that she is eating laundry starch and clay when watching TV at night. What is going on? a. Anna is experiencing pica. b. Anna is showing symptoms of high blood pressure. c. Anna is probably diabetic. d. Anna is constipated and this will alleviate the problem. e. Anna is exhibiting behavior that may increase her risk for preeclampsia.
A
51. What is the primary source of mercury contamination in the diet? a. Seafood b. Legumes c. Unfiltered water d. Undercooked poultry e. Unwashed fruits and vegetables
A
52. Todd is a full-time student on a limited food budget who, fortunately, has access to a kitchen and likes to cook his own meals. He always buys vegetables and fruits that are in season in order to save money. During the fall, he chooses ____. a. apples, pears, and acorn and butternut squash b. berries, peaches, zucchini, and melons c. asparagus, green beans, sweet peas, and rhubarb d. oranges, grapefruits, sweet potatoes, rutabagas, and greens e. radishes, apples, berries, and asparagus
A
52. ______ has been falsely claimed to increase the use of fatty acids and spare glycogen during exercise. a. Carnitine b. Caffeine c. Sodium bicarbonate d. Creatine e. Coenzyme Q10
A
53. __________ often predisposes a person to a sedentary life and may give rise to obesity. a. Osteoarthritis b. Dementia c. Loss of teeth d. Malabsorption e. Cancer
A
55. _______ is a procedure that involves stapling the stomach closed near the top, leaving only a small pouch that is connected directly to the jejunum (middle section of the small intestine). a. Gastric bypass b. Liposuction c. Vertical-banded gastroplasty d. Horizontal-banded gastroplasty e. Gastric constriction
A
57. Which food additive might be added by a manufacturer to maintain palatability and wholesomeness of a product? a. BHT or BHA b. Calcium citrate c. Guar gum d. MSG e. Phosphoric acid
A
61. Kyle wants to improve his fitness and drop a few extra pounds. The most important thing Kyle can do to achieve these goals is to ____. a. start a daily or weekly exercise routine and stick to it consistently b. join a fitness club and sign up for personal training sessions c. buy some high-quality athletic shoes and exercise DVDs d. order a book with a popular exercise program and follow it exactly e. purchase exercise equipment recommended by a close friend
A
61. What mistake did Todd make when eating the cheeseburgers and shake? a. Allowing negative emotions to reduce self-control b. Wanting to improve appearance to get love and affection c. Not exercising to compensate for the extra calories d. Focusing on hunger when making food choices e. Using appearance as a measure of self-worth
A
61. When boys and girls are compared, why do girls typically have iron intakes below the current recommendation? a. Because girls consume fewer total calories than boys b. Because girls drink more milk than boys c. Because girls eat more meat than boys d. Because girls eat more vegetables than boys e. Because girls eat more empty-calorie snacks than boys
A
63. For maximum benefits, cardiorespiratory endurance episodes should be sustained for at least a. 20 minutes. b. 40 minutes. c. 1 hour. d. 1 1/2 hours. e. 2 hours.
A
63. What can Marty do to prevent getting a foodborne illness from a hamburger in the future? a. Order burgers well done at a restaurant. b. Avoid irradiated beef. c. Order unpasteurized cheese on the burger at a restaurant. d. Thaw frozen beef at room temperature before cooking. e. Avoid hamburger that has been stored in a freezer for more than 2 months.
A
65. Which aspect of Bella's lifestyle should she probably consider changing in order to grow old healthfully? a. She practices reactive health care, seeking assistance only when problems occur. b. She does not smoke, and rarely drinks alcoholic beverages c. She contributes part of her paycheck to a retirement account (401K) d. She eats a balanced diet, including vegetables and nonfat dairy products e. She attempts to solve the Sudoku and crossword puzzles in the daily newspaper
A
67. Which of the following is the primary cause for hunger in the United States and in less developed countries? a. Poverty b. High cost of food c. Excessive food waste d. Lack of nutrition education e. Lack of physical access to food
A
69. The two factors most responsible for the epidemic of obesity are ____. a. physical inactivity and excess calorie intake b. excess calorie intake and genetics c. genetics and hormonal imbalances d. hormonal imbalances and physical inactivity e. socioeconomic status and genetics
A
71. Which substance is promoted for quick weight loss by stimulating secretion of human growth hormone? a. Arginine b. DHEA c. Caffeine d. Bee pollen e. Carnitine
A
74. Which micronutrient deficiencies are of particular concern worldwide? a. Iodine, iron, and vitamin A b. Fluoride, zinc, and vitamin D c. Magnesium, sodium, and iron d. Vitamin B12, niacin, and vitamin C e. Iron, vitamin C, and fluoride
A
75. Ted changed his eating habits to lose weight 2 months ago. Yesterday, he bought a gallon of cherry ice cream because it was on sale and he needed a dessert to take to a family party next week, but then couldn't resist eating two bowls of it last night. Ted is very upset that he has "blown it" and reverted to his former overeating. What should he do now? a. Forgive himself and avoid keeping ice cream in his freezer overnight in the future. b. Give up on his improved eating habits because relapses mean certain failure. c. Practice resisting temptation by keeping ice cream around and not eating it. d. Eat the rest of the ice cream quickly, and then resume healthful eating habits. e. Resolve not to purchase any ice cream in the future.
A
80. Drinking alcohol during pregnancy ____. a. can result in fetal alcohol syndrome b. is extremely rare in the United States (1 infant in 1 million) c. can be safe if only an occasional drink is consumed d. is allowed after the second trimester only e. can benefit the mother's blood lipid profile if limited to one drink per week
A
84. Mary is looking at a menu trying to decide what to order. She is mindful of her weight, and wants to make a healthful selection. Which item would be the best choice? a. Rotisserie chicken and mashed sweet potatoes b. Pasta Alfredo c. Chicken parmigiana d. Tempura shrimp e. Filet with a béarnaise sauce
A
84. When Jill engages in activities of low to moderate intensity for greater than 20 minutes at a time, her muscles' main source of energy is ____. a. fat b. glucose c. glycogen d. phospholipids e. coenzyme Q10
A
70. Two pounds of body fat is equal to approximately ____ calories. a. 2,500 b. 3,500 c. 5,000 d. 6,500 e. 7,500
E
30. The _____ refers to the energy needed by the body to support the involuntary processes such as beating of the heart, inhaling and exhaling of air, and maintenance of body temperature. a. total energy output b. basic calorie intake c. base-level rate d. body mass index e. basal metabolic rate
E
33. In the United States, ____ poisoning ranks as one of the most common childhood environmental health problems. a. cadmium b. iron c. mercury d. aflatoxin e. lead
E
41. The placenta is the ____. a. developing infant during its 2nd through 8th week after conception until birth b. developing infant from the 8th week after conception until birth c. muscular organ within which the infant develops before birth d. infant from birth until her first birthday e. organ from which the infant receives nourishment
E
42. Suppose you are planning a romantic summer picnic with your significant other, and don't have a cooler. Which menu would be the safest (that is, the least likely to cause a foodborne illness)? a. Smoked turkey and cheddar sandwiches, potato salad, and cheesecake b. Deviled eggs, baked beans, and hamburgers c. Hotdogs, French fries, and milkshakes d. Chicken salad sandwiches, coleslaw, and coconut cream pie e. Peanut butter sandwiches, corn chips, jar of salsa, and fresh oranges
E
45. National surveys suggest that children and adolescents are the farthest from reaching the recommendations for ________. a. starchy vegetables and leafy greens b. dairy and refined grains c. dairy and protein foods d. fruits and dairy e. green vegetables and legumes
E
51. To improve cardiovascular fitness, the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recommends that an individual exercise continuously for ____ at least five times a week. a. 10 to 25 minutes b. 20 to 40 minutes c. 60 to 90 minutes d. 15 to 55 minutes e. 30 to 60 minutes
E
53. If the clams had been the cause of illness with symptoms first appearing 2 days after the meal, what microorganism would have most likely been the cause? a. Campylobacter jejuni b. Listeria monocytogenes c. Staphylococcus aureus d. Norovirus e. Vibrio infection
E
58. To keep consumption of pesticide residues to a minimum, all of the following are recommended except: a. Eat a variety of fruits and vegetables. b. Peel produce to which wax was applied. c. Discard the outer leaves of lettuce. d. Consider purchasing some organic produce. e. Rinse produce with running water after cutting.
E
63. Finally, Maya is pregnant, but she and Bob decide to wait until the 14th week of gestation before telling family and friends. What stage of pregnancy is Maya in? a. Fetal state b. Postnatal c. 1st trimester d. Critical period e. 2nd trimester
E
67. If Tim eats enough to provide an extra 500 calories per day above his energy needs, how long will it take him to gain about 5 pounds of body fat? a. 1 week b. 10 days c. 2 weeks d. 4 weeks e. 5 weeks
E
23. Pear-shaped people are at a greater risk for developing diabetes, hypertension, elevated levels of blood cholesterol, and heart disease than apple-shaped people. a. True b. False
FALSE
23. The GRAS list is established by the Environmental Protection Agency. a. True b. False
FALSE
24. Canned foods have an infinite shelf-life. a. True b. False
FALSE
24. Obesity prevention is critical during childhood since this is when fat cells increase in size. a. True b. False
FALSE
24. The body's glycogen stores in the liver provide the primary source of glucose to muscles during physical activity. a. True b. False
FALSE
25. A low sense of self-esteem is usually only seen in individuals with anorexia nervosa. a. True b. False
FALSE
25. Effects of undernutrition contribute to just under 10 percent of deaths worldwide for children under 5 years of age. a. True b. False
FALSE
26. Hitting a plateau 3 weeks into a new eating plan for weight loss is a sign that energy intake is too high. a. True b. False
FALSE
1. Even when glycogen stores are well stocked, protein contributes a large percentage to the body's fuel needs. a. True b. False
FALSE
1. Excess weight around the hips, thighs, and buttocks suggests a greater risk of heart disease than fat anywhere else on the body. a. True b. False
FALSE
1. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that infants receive breastfeeding exclusively for the first 12 months. a. True b. False
FALSE
10. Mad cow disease was first diagnosed in cattle in the United States in 1986. a. True b. False
FALSE
11. Adults age 65 years and older typically have lower quality diets compared to younger and middle-aged adults. a. True b. False
FALSE
11. Muscle strength is a muscle's power to keep going for long periods. a. True b. False
FALSE
12. Food irradiation is opposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) due to the loss of nutrients in food it causes. a. True b. False
FALSE
13. Most doctors recommend that pregnant women take a prenatal vitamin and mineral supplement every day in addition to eating a healthy diet. a. True b. False
FALSE
14. Being physically fit means being free of disease. a. True b. False
FALSE
14. The FDA requires that foods developed using genetic engineering specify this on the food label. a. True b. False
FALSE
14. The most accurate way to find out how much you should weigh is to look up your ideal weight in the ideal weight tables. a. True b. False
FALSE
15. Integrated pest management involves increased application of pesticides to maximize crop yields. a. True b. False
FALSE
16. Once you have identified a number of behaviors you would like to change, you should try to change several at once to make incorporating the changes into your lifestyle easier. a. True b. False
FALSE
17. The term "fitness" describes a physical activity goal for seasoned athletes. a. True b. False
FALSE
18. A BMI of 30.0 or greater is defined as overweight. a. True b. False
FALSE
18. Use of ethylene oxide is thought to be a safer method of sterilizing products such as cotton swabs, tampons, and teething rings compared to irradiation. a. True b. False
FALSE
2. An increase in body weight seen on a scale indicates that a pound of fat has been gained. a. True b. False
FALSE
20. Food insecurity was once viewed as a problem of poverty, but it now more frequently viewed as a problem of overpopulation and inadequate food production. a. True b. False
FALSE
20. The prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia is higher in non-Hispanic black and non-Hispanic white children compared to Mexican-American children. a. True b. False
FALSE
21. For most people, the body's ordinary metabolic activities account for a smaller part of energy expenditure than do muscular activities. a. True b. False
FALSE
21. It is important to assess the intake of all the sources of nutrients to be sure that overall consumption meets or exceeds the Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) of the Dietary Reference Intakes. a. True b. False
FALSE
21. Lead usually poisons a person quickly leading to sudden death after initial ingestion or exposure. a. True b. False
FALSE
22. The best time to try to change a behavior is when things are changing in your life, such as during a divorce or a move to another state. a. True b. False
FALSE
23. Muscle protein synthesis occurs during heavy exercise. a. True b. False
FALSE
14. Schools participating in the National School Lunch and/or School Breakfast programs are required to develop a school wellness policy to promote a healthy lifestyle in their students. a. True b. False
TRUE
15. After the age of one, a child's growth rate slows up. a. True b. False
TRUE
1. Integrated pest management is a type of farming technique designed to decrease use of chemicals by using strategies such as crop rotation and genetic engineering. a. True b. False
TRUE
10. An example of functional fitness training would be tai chi. a. True b. False
TRUE
10. Cow's milk is considered to be a suitable form of nutrition after an infant is 1-year old. a. True b. False
TRUE
10. Underweight individuals should reduce activity only if their health is in danger due to the underweight condition.a. Trueb. False
TRUE
11. High blood pressure can often be normalized by weight loss. a. True b. False
TRUE
11. Some people fear that naturally occurring cross-pollination between genetically engineered plants with nearby weeds may spread traits from plants to weeds, producing superweeds. a. True b. False
TRUE
12. Childhood obesity and hypertension are linked to the development of atherosclerosis and heart disease in adulthood. a. True b. False
TRUE
12. Of two individuals with the same BMI, it is possible for one to have too little body fat and one to have too much body fat. a. True b. False
TRUE
12. Through thousands of years, human genes have adapted to support physically active lifestyles. a. True b. False
TRUE
13. A major outbreak of foodborne illness due to E. coli that led to 500 reported cases of the illness and three deaths in the 1980s was linked to undercooked, contaminated hamburgers. a. True b. False
TRUE
13. An appropriate reward for sticking to a weight-loss diet would be buying a new shirt. a. True b. False
TRUE
13. Waiting to stretch until after your warm-up makes muscles easier to stretch because it allows blood to flow into the muscles. a. True b. False
TRUE
