Nutrition Unit 1: Chapter 1

How many kilocalories are in one gram of alcohol

7

A gram of fat contains _____________ kcalories

9

Empty-calorie foods supply most of their calories from

Added sugar, alcohol, & unhealthy fats

Examples of chronic diseases

Cancer & heart disease

The top two leading causes of death in the US

Cancer & heart disease

The 6 classes of nutrients

Carbohydrates Fats (lipids) Proteins Vitamins Minerals Water

Organic nutrients include

Carbohydrates, lipids, and vitamins

The sum of all the chemical reactions that provide energy for the body to perform work

Metabolism

Examples of isoflavonoids

Soybeans & other legumes

True/False Many popular dietary supplements are not helpful and may even be harmful

True

True/False Most commonly eaten foods contain safe levels of micronutrients

True

True/False Women have less water and protein and more fat than men

True

The most natural and economical way to obtain nutrients and phytochemical is to base your diet on a _____________ of whole foods

Variety

Infants, children, pregnant women, and older adults often need nutritional supplements to

boost their nutritional intake

A ______________ is needed in very small amounts by the body to function properly

micronutrient

One factor that can influence your daily food choices is

Advertising

Populations at risk for malnutrition include those with

Drug or alcohol addictions, eating disorders, & low income

What lifestyle choices can increase your chances of living a long life?

Eating healthy and exercising

Benefit of caffeine

Stimulant effects

________________ is considered the most essential nutrient

Water

Essential nutrients for humans

Water, vitamins, glucose, minerals, proteins, fats

Risk factors that contribute to health problems

Family history, age, environmental conditions, & lifestyle practices

Examples of beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, lutein, lycopene

Orange, red, and yellow fruits, & vegetables

Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are called macronutrients because

Our body needs them in large amounts on a daily basis

A substance found in many plants that is not considered a nutrient but has many healthful benefits

Phytochemicals

When we want to make changes to the way we usually eat, we will change our ____________.

Diet

Processing treatments that can make foods after and more convenient to eat include

Peeling & heating

Our body needs ______, found in foods, to function properly

Nutrients

Examples of caffeine

Tea, coffee, & cocoa

True/False Most foods contain predominantly one nutrient

False

Function of carbohydrates

Major role is to provide energy

Both carbohydrates and proteins supply the body with ___________ calories per gram

4

What occurs when a nutrient is missing from the diet?

A deficiency disease will occur

In general, because they are concentrated sources of energy, high fat foods are __________ __________

Energy dense

The energy value of a food in relation to its weight is called

Energy density

A nutrient that cannot be made by the body and must be supplied by food

Essential

A nutrient that must be supplied by food and cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body is called a(n) _____________ nutrient

Essential

True/False Humans have an instinctual drive that leads us to make healthy food choices

False

A person's way of living is called their

Lifestyle

Both over nutrition and undernutrition are considered examples of _____________

Malnutrition

Leading cause of preventable deaths in US

Smoking

The nutrient that comprises the largest percentage of the body of a healthy man or woman

Water

Nutrients that have carbon in their chemical structures are called _____________ _____________

organic nutrients

A disease that can be cured by eating a specific nutrient is

A nutrient deficiency disease

Examples of non nutrients

Alcohol, caffeine, phytochemicals

Benefit of quercetin

Antioxidant effects, may inhibit cancer growth

_____________ protects cells and their components from being damaged or destroyed by exposure to certain environmental and internal factors

Antioxidants

Function of protein

Cellular development, growth, and maintenance

_____________ describes a food that is manufactured to boost nutrient intakes

Functional foods

Benefit of saponins

May kill certain microbes

Some factors that are likely to influence food choices

Mood, peers, & religious beliefs

Function of lipids

Necessary for the absorption o fat-soluble vitamins

Term used to describe a food or beverage that has a large amount of vitamins and minerals in relation to it's energy value

Nutrient-dense

Our bodies are designed to obtain nutrients from food rather than supplements because

Nutrients in food are more available

___________ is the study of how the body uses nutrients

Nutrition

Examples of resveratrol

Red wine, purple grapes, & grape juice

Benefit of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lutein, lycopene

Reduce risk of certain cancers & macular degeneration

Function of Vitamins

Regulation of body processes, including cell metabolism

Function of Minerals

Regulation of fluid balance

A cell is the name of the _____________ living functional unit in an organism

Smallest

Examples of life-threatening and chronic diseases that result from a poor diet?

Stroke, heart disease, diabetes

The most likely time for a nutrient toxicity to become a concern would be when one is

Taking a supplement

Function of water

Temperature regulation