Nutrition: Unit 4: Chapter 19:

How many kilocalories should be reduced for the following: 1. men over 60 years of age ____ 2. women over 60 ears of age ______ 3. men over 80 years of age ____ 4. women over 80 years of age _____

1. 300 2. 250 3. 500 4. 390

List three health problems that decrease mobility in older adults.

1. osteoarthritis 2. rheumatoid arthritis 3. gout

What portion of Americans over the age of 65 are considered overweight _____ and what portion over the age of 65 considered obese ______?

2/3, 1/3

What year will the percentage of older adults be 20% of the U.S. population?

2030

______ is a general term for all of the changes that occur over a period of time ultimately leading to death. ______ is another term for growing old and begins at conception and ends at death.

Aging, Senescence

The most common form of dementia in older adults is _____ with an estimated ____ million Americans having it.

Alzheimer's, 5.4

Why do older adults need to watch their water intake?

Because illness and medications can affect a kidney's ability to function properly. Dehydration occurs more readily because older people's thirst mechanism becomes blunted.

_____ is the maximum age to which a species can live. For humans this is _____ years. The term to describe the average length of life for a population is _____. The average age that a person in the US can be expected to live is ____ years old.

Lifespan, 120, life expectancy, 76-81

Describe why alcohol can become a problem for older adults.

They become more sensitive to alcohol due in part to the decline of body water. Individuals with lower percentage of body water will have a higher blood alcohol concentration (BAC).

Describe the type of protein older adults need to consume.

They need to consume higher portion of kilocalories from protein -rich foods.

What vitamins and minerals are important for older adults to watch?

Vitamin A, Vitamin D, and Vitamin B12 need to be watched.

The changes that occur with aging involve a general slowing down of all _____ due to a gradual decline in _____ activity.

body function, physical

As a person ages a number of changes occur in the GI tract. ____ the food may be more difficult due to dental issues. Digestion and ______ of nutrients may also be affected by age due to a decline in digestive secretions.

chewing, absorption

A person's age in the number of years of life they have lived is called their _____ age. A person's age that is estimated based on their body's health, their ability to function and their life expectancy is called their ___ age.

chronologic, physiologic

The servings of carbohydrates need to be _____ carbohydrates that contain more _____ than simple sugar to help prevent constipation and thus diverticulosis, and decrease the risk of diabetes.

complex, fiber.

Since the kilocalories need to be reduced and nutrition needs to be the same, it is important for older adults to choose nutrient -______ food.

dense

What causes the increased incidence of overweight and obese older adults?

dietary excess, poor food choices, and physical inactivity.

A decrease in immune function may be partially due to inadequate _______.

dietary intake

Income levels decline with the older adult population making the purchast of food and medicine a challenge. Approximately 8% of American households with elders experience _____ which is a routine lack of sufficient food to feed them.

food insecurity

According to the WHO, the best dietary strategy for aging adults to maintain _____ health and to prevent ______ diseases is to consume a varied, nutrient- and phytochemcial- dense, _____ healthy diet.

good, chronic, heart.

Older adults lose more of their friends to death, experience chronic pain, and many have to move to assisted living centers. They can become sad and _____. Depression can interfere with an older adult's motivation to _____, be _______ active, and _____. These can impact their mental and physical health.

isolated. eat, physically, socialize.

With a declining metabolic rate, older adults need fewer ____ but not fewer _____.

kilocalories, nutrients

The length or duration of an individual's life or _____ is affected by many factors including: A. _____ B. _____ C. _____

longevity. A. lifestyle B. genetics C. environment

Age related _______ is the most common cause of blindness in older adults.

macular degeneration

There are a variety of community resources to aid older adults in gaining the proper nutrition. One program, ______, delivers nutritious meals to the home of older adults. Another program, ____ serves meals at community centers which not only provide the nutritional content that older adults need but the social contacts that many of them need also.

meals on wheels, congregate meals.

Aging leads to changes in body composition that can affect health and ______ status. Older adults commonly _______ weight, _______ deposits in the ______ area increase.

nutritional, gain, fat, abdominal

Why are people living longer in the U.S.?

people are living longer because of the improved health care and disease prevention.

Routine _______ can help lower the risk of heart disease, colon, and breast cancer, diabetes, hypertension, osteoporosis, arthritis and obesity.

physical activity

The most common cause of disability is ______ which affects _____% of all older adults.

physical, 16-27.

High dietary fat intake, particularly ______ fats and ____ fats, has been associated with a increase risk for cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancers and therefore should be avoided.

saturated, trans

Some nutritional difficulties may be due to a decline in the senses of _____ and _____. Food does not have the same flavor to an older adult.

smell, taste

A decline in ______ makes shopping for food and preparing food more difficult.

vision