Nutrtion

The thermic effect of food can contribute up to (blank) % of the calories you use each day.

10

On average, young men in the United States obtain (blank) calories per day from beverages. Answer 200 600 1,200 2,000

600

Vitamin B12 and (blank) help cells multiply.

Folate

The adult Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) for vitamin C is (blank) mg for men and (blank) mg for women.

90; 75

Eating French fries at the fair because they smell so good, having a dessert after a large meal, and eating a large holiday meal are examples of (blank) being the primary motivator to eat.

Appetite

Deficiency in the water-soluble vitamins, (blank) and (blank) , contribute to anemia, and a deficiency in (blank) causes pellagra.

B12; Folate; Niacin

(blank) is the largest contributor to the calories you expend each day.

Basal metabolism

(blank) is the most abundant mineral in the body.

Calcium

(blank) and (blank) are important for the infrastructure of bone

Calcium, phosphorus

The mineral (blank) is responsible for the stomach's acidity.

Chloride

A (blank) is a compound that causes increased urinary water excretion.

Diuretic

After about 60 years of age, bones begin to lose density. Answer T F

F; After about age 40, the bones typically begin to lose density

Dairy foods such as butter, cream, and cream cheese are good sources of calcium, whereas vegetables such as broccoli are poor sources. Answer T F

F; Butter, cream, and cream cheese contain negligible calcium, being almost pure fat. Some vegetables, such as broccoli, are good sources of available calcium.

The most abundant mineral in the body is iron. Answer T F

F; Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body

Adolescents are likely to grow out of early disordered eating behaviors by young adulthood. Answer T F

F; Disordered eating behaviors in early life set a pattern that likely continues into young adulthood.

According to genomic researchers, a single inherited gene is the probable cause of common obesity. Answer T F

F; Genomic researchers have identified multiple genes likely to play roles in obesity development but have not so far identified a single genetic cause of common obesity.

The theory that vitamin C prevents or cures colds is well supported by research. Answer T F

F; No study to date has conclusively demonstrated that vitamin C can prevent colds or reduce their severity.

Over-the-counter drugs for obesity are most often effective and pose little risk. Answer T F

F; Over-the-counter drugs for obesity most often present risk without benefit

The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics recommends fluoride-free water for the U.S. population. Answer T F

F; The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, among others, recommends the consumption of fluoridated water.

The BMI standard is an excellent tool for evaluating obesity in athletes and the elderly. Answer T F

F; The BMI are unsuitable for use with athletes and adults over age 65.

The FDA has extensive regulatory control over supplement sales. Answer T F

F; The FDA has little control over supplement sales

The thermic effect of food plays a major role in energy expenditure. Answer T F

F; The thermic effect of food is believed to have negligible effects on total energy expenditure.

Vitamin A supplements can help treat acne. Answer T F

F; Vitamin A supplements have no effect on acne.

Water intoxication cannot occur because water is so easily excreted by the body. Answer T F

F; Water intoxication occurs when too much plain water floods the body's fluids and disturbs their normal composition.

The nutrient needed for the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins is (blank)

Fat

(blank) is valued in the diet because of its ability to inhibit the development of dental caries in children and adults.

Fluoride

Achieving successful weight loss and maintaining the weight loss involves (blank), adopting a healthy eating pattern, and practicing a regular habit of physical activity.

Following positive behavior modification techniques

(blank), a powerful hunger-stimulating hormone, will stimulate appetite and increase body weight and fatness.

Ghrelin

(blank), produced in the stomach, is the hunger-stimulating hormone. Conversely, (blank) is released from fat cells and helps to create the feeling of satiety and suppresses appetite.

Ghrelin; Leptin

Most of the iron in the body is a component of two proteins, (blank) in red blood cells and myoglobin in muscle cells.

Hemoglobin

(blank) is the nonfood source that can produce vitamin K making a deficiency in humans unlikely.

Intestinal Bacteria

Large doses of (blank) , a water-soluble vitamin, have been prescribed to help improve blood lipids associated with cardiovascular disease.

Niacin

Dietary iron associated with plant sources is called (blank) iron.

Nonheme

Compounds that when consumed are converted into active vitamins are (blank) , also called provitamins.

Precursors

A reaction between a base and an acid produces a (blank)

Salt

Successful weight loss occurs when people believe they have (blank), the ability to control their weight gain.

Self-efficacy

The (blank) states that the body's internal control system maintains a certain body weight for people over a certain period.

Set-point theory

(blank) should increase their intake of vitamin C because they typically have low vitamin C blood concentrations.

Smokers

A B vitamin often forms part of an enzyme's active site, where a chemical reaction takes place. Answer T F

T

A diet too low in carbohydrate produces physical responses similar to those seen in fasting. Answer T F

T

Children who don't drink milk often have lower bone density than those who do. Answer T F

T

In many people, any kind of stress can cause overeating and weight gain. Answer T F

T

Most water-soluble vitamins are not stored in tissues to any great extent. Answer T F

T

The best way to control salt intake is to cut down on processed and fast foods. Answer T F

T

The nervous system cannot use fat as fuel. Answer T F

T

Today, an estimated 70 percent of the adults in the United States are overweight or obese. Answer T F

T

Trabecular bone readily gives up its minerals whenever blood calcium needs replenishing. Answer T F

T

Vitamin D functions as a hormone to help maintain bone integrity. Answer T F

T

Vitamin K is necessary for the synthesis of key bone proteins. Answer T F

T

Whether from the tap or from a bottle, all water comes from the same sources. Answer T F

T

Which of the following statements about basal metabolic rate (BMR) is correct? Answer The greater a person's age, the higher the BMR. The more thyroxine produced, the higher the BMR. Fever lowers the BMR. Pregnancy lowers the BMR

The more thyroxine produced, the higher the BMR.

Fat located deep in the abdominal area, near organs is called (blank) and poses more risk for disease than does fat located subcutaneous or just below the skin.

Visceral fat

Vitamin A and (blank) are fat-soluble vitamins that act like hormones.

Vitamin D

When exposed to sunlight, the skin makes (blank).

Vitamin D

What is the primary food source of vitamin E for Americans? a. vegetable oils b. dairy c. green vegetables d. citrus fruits

a. vegetable oils

(blank) is the nutrient that is most indispensable.

Water

Sodium attracts (blank), causing an increase in blood volume and an increase in blood pressure.

Water

Exercising more than 250 minutes per week, when combined with (blank), promotes weight loss and may prevent regain after loss.

a lower calorie intake

The following steps will help prevent vitamin losses EXCEPT which one? a. Cook vegetables at high temperatures to retain vitamin content. b. Refrigerate most fruits and vegetables to slow down vitamin losses. c. Store milk in opaque containers. d. Wash intact fruit and vegetable before cutting or peeling.

a. Cook vegetables at high temperatures to retain vitamin content.

What would you tell someone who is considering taking chromium supplements for weight loss and diabetes? a. No benefit for reducing body fat with chromium supplements has been proven. b. In diabetics, chromium is used to maintain blood glucose within normal limits. c. Chromium supplementation leads to an increased risk of developing cancer. d. Chromium supplements help prevent diabetes in people at risk for developing it. e. Chromium supplements have been shown to increase muscle mass, but only in elite athletes.

a. No benefit for reducing body fat with chromium supplements has been proven.

Why does administering leptin fail to reverse the majority of obesity cases? a. Obese people are often resistant to the effects of leptin. b. It is a satiety hormone. c. Fat loss suppresses leptin recognition. d. It is an appetite-stimulating hormone. e. It decreases energy expenditure.

a. Obese people are often resistant to the effects of leptin

Active forms of vitamin A that are readily absorbed in the body are only found in foods derived from animals. a. True b. False

a. True

The built environment, limited physical activity, lack of access to fresh foods, and the overabundance of cheap, highly processed food contribute to obesity. a. True b. False

a. True

Which statement regarding water-soluble vitamins is FALSE? a. Water-soluble vitamins are easily absorbed and stored in the liver. b. Foods never deliver toxic doses of the water-soluble vitamins. c. Water-soluble vitamins easily dissolve and drain away with cooking water. d. Some water-soluble vitamins are destroyed when exposed to light, heat, or oxygen during processing. e. Water-soluble vitamins are easily excreted in the urine.

a. Water-soluble vitamins are easily absorbed and stored in the liver.

All of these are important functions of iron EXCEPT _______. a. acts as a buffer b. prevents anemia c. transports oxygen in the blood d. aids in enzymatic activity for energy metabolism

a. acts as a buffer

When do people generally weigh the least? a. before breakfast b. after breakfast c. at the middle of the day d. at the end of the day

a. before breakfast

All of the following are good food sources of vitamin D EXCEPT: a. citrus fruits. b. fortified milk. c. salmon. d. tuna

a. citrus fruits.

Which characteristic is LEAST likely to apply to a fat-soluble vitamin? a. easily absorbed and excreted in urine b. requires bile for absorption c. toxic in excess d. commonly found in foods that contain fat e. dissolves in lipids

a. easily absorbed and excreted in urine

To make new cells, tissues must have which vitamin? a. folate b. niacin c. riboflavin d. thiamin

a. folate

Which of the following is LEAST likely to occur as a symptom of anorexia? a. high body temperature b. weakened heart c. kidney failure d. growth failure e. decreased basal metabolic rate

a. high body temperature

Which symptom is not associated with vitamin B deficiency? a. increased appetite b. muscle pain c. nausea d. forgetfulness e. irritability

a. increased appetite

Which of the following is NOT a major function of vitamin A? a. muscle contraction and nerve transmission b. reproduction and growth c. cell differentiation d. immune function

a. muscle contraction and nerve transmission

Hard water is high in calcium and magnesium while soft water is high in what? a. sodium b. niacin c. iodine d. chloride

a. sodium

Which vitamin is mismatched with its deficiency? a. vitamin D - pernicious anemia b. vitamin C - scurvy c. niacin - pellagra d. thiamin - beriberi e. vitamin K - excessive bleeding

a. vitamin D - pernicious anemia

You have a friend who eats a lot of highly processed foods, fast foods, and convenience foods, but does drink fortified milk. What type of deficiency is your friend at risk for developing? a. vitamin E b. thiamin c. vitamin D d. riboflavin e. vitamin A

a. vitamin E

What trace mineral is essential to sperm production and taste perception, and assists in immune function? a. zinc b. copper c. selenium d. calcium e. iron

a. zinc

Which food item has the highest amount of vitamin C? a. ½ cup sweet red pepper b. ½ cup rice c. 1 ounce steak d. ½ cup carrots e. 1 cup yogurt

a. ½ cup sweet red pepper

A built environment can support physical activity with. Answer safe biking and walking lanes public parks free exercise facilities all of the above

all of the above

BMI is of limited value for. Answer athletes pregnant and lactating women adults older than age 65 all of the above

all of the above

Magnesium Answer assists in the operation of enzymes. is needed for the release and use of energy. is critical to normal heart function. all of the above

all of the above

Vitamin C deficiency symptoms include. Answer red spots loose teeth anemia all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following foods is (are) rich in beta-carotene?. Answer sweet potatoes pumpkin spinach all of the above

all of the above

Vomiting or diarrhea Answer causes fluid to be pulled from between the cells in every part of the body. causes fluid to leave the cell interiors. causes kidneys to raise the sodium concentration outside the cells. all of the above.

all of the above.

Vitamin K. Answer can be made from exposure to sunlight. can be obtained from most milk products. can be made by digestive tract bacteria. b and c

b and c

Water balance is governed by the. Answer liver kidneys brain b and c

b and c

Water accounts for what percentage of the human body's weight? a. 20 percent b. 60 percent c. 85 percent d. 35 percent e. 40 percent

b. 60 percent

B12 supplements mask a folate deficiency. a. True b. False

b. False

Calcium, iron, and potassium are major minerals that are essential for the body's proper functioning. a. True b. False

b. False

Risk factors for osteoporosis include older age, being of African American/black heritage, and of low body weight. a. True b. False

b. False; Being of Caucasian, Asian, and/or Hispanic/Latino heritage is a risk factor for osteoporosis.

What is the main function of vitamin K? a. Restore the integrity of the cell membrane. b. Help blood to clot. c. Transport protein around the body. d. Provide energy for cells.

b. Help blood to clot.

What evidence suggests that a highly palatable, fat-rich, and sugar-rich food supply could be contributing to excessive overeating and weight gain? a. Brain scans have shown that obese people are less likely to prefer fruit and vegetables. b. Highly palatable food causes lasting changes in the brain's reward system. c. Obese people have too much dopamine. d. Obese people are more likely to use cocaine. e. Eating highly palatable food decreases energy expenditure.

b. Highly palatable food causes lasting changes in the brain's reward system.

Which statement regarding fluid and electrolyte imbalance is FALSE? a. It is a medical emergency. b. It will resolve without intervention. c. It can lead to death. d. It can be caused by vomiting and diarrhea. e. It disrupts the heartbeat

b. It will resolve without intervention.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the fat-soluble vitamins? a. The fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed similarly to fat absorption. b. Toxicities are unlikely, even when taking supplements. c. They are not readily excreted and tend to build up in tissues. d. They are stored in the liver and fatty tissues.

b. Toxicities are unlikely, even when taking supplements.

The use of body mass index (BMI) to predict body fatness is of most value in what population? a. the elderly b. adults between the ages of 19 and 50 c. pregnant women d. women over 50 e. athletes

b. adults between the ages of 19 and 50

The proportions of muscle, bone, and fat that make up an individual's body weight is their ______ ______. a. adipose tissue b. body composition c. lean body mass d. fat mass

b. body composition

For someone with lactose intolerance, what is the best alternative source of calcium? a. Swiss chard and rhubarb b. broccoli and rutabaga c. spinach and strawberries d. citrus fruits and soybeans e. almonds and pinto beans

b. broccoli and rutabaga

What type of adipose tissue is abundant in hibernating animals and human infants and was recently identified in human adults? a. white adipose tissue b. brown adipose tissue c. microbiota d. genetically inherited fat

b. brown adipose tissue

For someone who wants to reduce the amount of sodium in his or her diet, what food would you recommend avoiding? a. celery b. deli meat c. bananas d. sweet potatoes e. milk

b. deli meat

What is one of the major roles of calcium in the body? a. maintains normal pulmonary gas exchange b. essential for muscle contractions c. helps maintain pH of blood d. part of cell DNA and RNA e. prevents osteoarthritis

b. essential for muscle contractions

Gradual weight loss is preferred to rapid weight loss because it spares: a. glycogen stores. b. muscle mass. c. metabolism from increasing. d. loss of body fluids.

b. muscle mass.

Which deficiency disease is attributed to a lack of vitamin C? a. beriberi b. scurvy c. pellagra d. rickets

b. scurvy

Which vitamin supplement is known to cause malformations of a fetus? a. thiamin b. vitamin A c. vitamin K d. vitamin B12 e. vitamin C

b. vitamin A

The plant-derived precursor to vitamin A is

beta-carotene

The two major drawbacks of using (blank) is that it does not tell us the location of the fat and the composition of an individual's weight.

body mass index

Most dieters can lose weight safely on an eating pattern providing approximately _____ calories per day for women and _____ calories per day for men while still meeting nutrient needs. a. 1,000 to 1,200; 1,500 to 1,800 b. 1,200 to 1,500; 1,800 to 2,100 c. 1,200 to 1,500; 1,500 to 1,800 d. 1,500 to 1800; 1,800 to 2,100

c. 1,200 to 1,500; 1,500 to 1,800

Which individual urgently needs to lose weight? a. BMI 25 with no risk factors b. BMI less than 25 c. BMI greater than 30 d. A waist circumference of 38 (male)

c. BMI greater than 30

Which of the following foods has the highest energy density? a. Food D: weighs 600 grams and provides 1,000 calories b. Food B: weighs 40 grams and provides 250 calories c. Food A: weighs 38 grams and provides 300 calories d. Food E: weighs 200 grams and provides 750 calories e. Food C: weighs 50 grams and provides 100 calories

c. Food A: weighs 38 grams and provides 300 calories

All of these are important strategies to maintain a healthy body weight: Set achievable and realistic goals. Keep a diet record. Stay physically active. Include balance and nutrient density in diet. Reduce carbohydrates to 40 percent of total caloric intake. a. I and III only b. I, II, and III only c. I, II, III, and IV d. I and V only e. All are important strategies.

c. I, II, III, and IV

Which vitamin's main role is to help activate proteins that help blood clot? a. C b. E c. K d. beta-carotene e. D

c. K

Which of these are important functions of water? a. Regulates body temperature and lubricates joints. b. Regulates body temperature, lubricates joints, and maintains acid-base balance. c. Regulates body temperature, lubricates joints, and acts as a universal solvent. d. All are important functions of water.

c. Regulates body temperature, lubricates joints, and acts as a universal solvent.

All of these statements are true EXCEPT which one? a. Fat-soluble vitamins require bile to be absorbed in the body. b. Fat-soluble vitamins are stored, and therefore overconsumption may lead to toxicity. c. Vitamins are essential, caloric nutrients that are needed in tiny amounts. d. Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble.

c. Vitamins are essential, caloric nutrients that are needed in tiny amounts.

All of the following are functions of vitamin C EXCEPT which one? a. antioxidant b. boosting iron absorption c. cell differentiation d. collagen synthesis

c. cell differentiation

Which nutrient is LEAST likely to play a role in bone health? a. vitamin D b. vitamin A c. copper d. magnesium e. vitamin K

c. copper

What does iodine deficiency during pregnancy cause? a. iodine deficiency anemia b. brittle bone c. cretinism in newborn d. goiter

c. cretinism in newborn

A woman who is on a low-carbohydrate diet for weight loss may have difficulty maintaining an adequate level of the B vitamins thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folate. What characteristic of her diet would cause this? a. exclusion of starchy vegetables b. exclusion of meat and fat c. exclusion of grains and cereals d. exclusion of fruits e. exclusion of dairy

c. exclusion of grains and cereals

What does the "energy in" side of the energy balance equation include? a. thermic effect of food b. hours spent sleeping c. food and beverage intake d. physical activity

c. food and beverage intake

To maintain energy balance, an individual's energy intake should be equal to what? a. his or her basal metabolic rate b. his or her thermic effect of food c. his or her total energy output d. his or her energy expended through voluntary activities e. his or her body mass index (BMI)

c. his or her total energy output

Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to cases of rickets in the United States? a. dark skin pigmentation b. a preference for soft drinks over milk in adolescents c. increased physical activity in organized sports d. increased time spent indoors e. use of UV-blocking sunscreen

c. increased physical activity in organized sports

What is the most likely primary source of fuel for the central nervous system after a person refrains from eating for 10 days (a prolonged fast)? a. muscle glycogen b. protein from lean tissue c. ketone bodies d. fatty acids e. liver glycogen

c. ketone bodies

The need for vitamin E rises as people consume more of what because it requires antioxidant protection by the vitamin? a. saturated fat b. meat c. polyunsaturated fat d. fried food e. trans fat

c. polyunsaturated fat

What is the most likely source of glucose fuel for the central nervous system after a person has refrained from eating for one whole day (a short fast)? a. liver glycogen b. muscle glycogen c. protein from lean tissue d. ketone bodies e. fatty acids

c. protein from lean tissue

The cells direct where the salts go, which determines where the fluids flow because water follows what? a. vitamins b. heat c. salt d. iron

c. salt

Counteracting efforts to lose weight by dieting, which theory states that the body's regulatory controls tend to maintain a particular body weight over time? a. thermogenesis b. presence of intestinal microbiota c. set-point d. genetics and obesity

c. set-point

What theory suggests that after weight gains or losses, the body adjusts its metabolism somewhat in the direction of restoring the original weight? a. fluctuating metabolism theory b. microbiota theory c. set-point theory d. thermogenesis theory e. hypothalamic weight-control theory

c. set-point theory

What is the most abundant mineral in soft water? a. iron b. calcium c. sodium d. zinc e. magnesium

c. sodium

Transport proteins in cell membranes maintain the proper balance of _________ (mostly outside the cells) and _________ (mostly inside the cells). a. iron; zinc b. potassium; chloride c. sodium; potassium d. calcium; magnesium e. iodine; chloride

c. sodium; potassium

What is the "female athlete triad"? a. three medical problems: heart disease, diabetes, and obesity b. three behaviors common in female athletes: perfectionism, anxiety, and depression c. three associated medical problems: low energy availability, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis d. three athletic problems: impaired speed, loss of balance, and inflexibility e. three academic problems: poor test-taking skills, test anxiety, and fear of academic failure

c. three associated medical problems: low energy availability, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis

Which of the fat-soluble vitamins were originally named tocopherol? a. vitamin D b. vitamin K c. vitamin E d. vitamin A

c. vitamin E

Which nutrient transports, dissolves, and reacts with chemicals; provides lubrication and shock protection; and aids in temperature regulation? a. minerals b. vitamins c. water d. lipids

c. water

B vitamins often act as. Answer antioxidants blood clotting factors coenzymes none of the above

coenzymes

To temporarily increase the body's water content, a person need only Answer consume extra salt. consume extra sugar. take a diuretic. consume extra potassium.

consume extra salt.

Which B vitamin is critical for cell replication and proper nerve functioning? a. B6 b. folate c. choline d. B12

d. B12

The health risks from obesity are evaluated with the _____, disease risk profile, and waist circumference. a. person's food intake b. self-esteem index c. body weight d. BMI

d. BMI

All the following are characteristics of the water-soluble vitamins EXCEPT which one? a. Easily absorbed and excreted from the body. b. Foods that supply the water-soluble vitamins must be consumed frequently. c. Easily lost or destroyed in food preparation and processing. d. Overconsumption of food sources should be monitored because the vitamins can accumulate leading to toxicity.

d. Overconsumption of food sources should be monitored because the vitamins can accumulate leading to toxicity.

Which of the following is an appropriate behavior modification for replacing old eating and activity habits with new ones? a. Diminish appropriate eating and activity cues. b. Strengthen the inappropriate eating cues you cannot eliminate. c. Repeat the inappropriate eating and physical activity behaviors. d. Strengthen cues to appropriate eating and activities. e. Establish positive consequences for inappropriate eating or sedentary behaviors.

d. Strengthen cues to appropriate eating and activities.

Which statement is true of vitamin C? a. Vitamin C is stored in fat. b. Vitamin C is challenging to obtain from food. c. Vitamin C impedes the absorption of iron in food. d. Vitamin C acts as an antioxidant.

d. Vitamin C acts as an antioxidant.

What are the fat-soluble vitamins? a. All the B vitamins and vitamin C b. B6, B12, and vitamin C c. Vitamins A and E, thiamin, and niacin d. Vitamins A, D, E, and K

d. Vitamins A, D, E, and K

Which statement about the function of water in the human body is FALSE? a. Water aids in the maintenance of the body's temperature. b. Water participates in the body's chemical reactions. c. Water cleanses the tissues and blood of wastes. d. Water is a good source of energy. e. Water acts as a lubricant around joints.

d. Water is a good source of energy.

What is a beneficial role of physical activity in weight loss? a. Physical activity decreases weight by promoting loss of bone density. b. Working out weakens feelings of hunger; thus, active people generally eat less. c. Exercise reduces cortisol and gets rid of belly fat. d. Working out builds muscle, and lean muscle tissue burns more calories per pound than fat does. e. Working out requires extra sleep and getting extra sleep reduces food cravings and weight gain.

d. Working out builds muscle, and lean muscle tissue burns more calories per pound than fat does.

How is osteoporosis diagnosed? a. a blood test b. a gene expression test c. a standard X-ray d. a DEXA scan e. by ruling out all other possible causes of bone loss

d. a DEXA scan

Which individual is at an increased risk of dying in a famine, losing life to a wasting disease, and experiencing a poor outcome from surgery due to inadequate nutrient stores? a. a person who is at her ideal weight b. a person who is a body builder c. a person who is overweight d. a person who is underweight

d. a person who is underweight

The equation used to calculate a person's Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) includes all of the following EXCEPT: a. physical activity. b. height and weight. c. gender. d. actual calorie intake

d. actual calorie intake

Because body mass index (BMI) does not distinguish how much of a person's weight is fat and the distribution of that fat, BMI may not be accurate for all of these groups EXCEPT which one? a. adults older than 65 years b. athletes c. pregnant and lactating women d. children e. All these groups are correct.

d. children

Which of the fat-soluble vitamins works as an antioxidant? a. vitamin K b. vitamin A c. vitamin D d. vitamin E

d. vitamin E

All the following minerals are important to bone health EXCEPT: a. magnesium. b. calcium. c. phosphorus. d. iron.

d. iron.

Choose the situation that decreases the body's ability to make vitamin D. a. young age b. living in a warmer climate c. lighter skin d. living in the northern United States

d. living in the northern United States

The risk of dying from extreme obesity is equal to the risk of dying from what? a. having diabetes b. drinking too much alcohol c. hang-gliding d. smoking e. horseback riding

d. smoking

Which individual has a valid reason to take a vitamin/mineral supplement? a. someone who believes that food grown on today's soils lack nutrients b. someone who is feeling tired and wants a supplement to provide energy c. someone who does not like to eat vegetables d. someone who is addicted to drugs or alcohol e. someone who is stressed and does not get enough exercise

d. someone who is addicted to drugs or alcohol

All the following inhibit iron absorption EXCEPT: a. calcium and phosphorus. b. tea and coffee. c. nonheme form of iron. d. vitamin C.

d. vitamin C.

Body fat can be assessed by which of the following techniques? Answer a blood lipid test chest circumference dual energy X-ray absorptiometry all of the above

dual energy X-ray absorptiometry

Which is NOT a potential benefit of surgical obesity treatment? a. Diabetes, insulin resistance, high blood cholesterol, hypertension, and heart disease immediately improve. b. After surgery, the stomach is smaller, forcing the person to eat smaller portions. c. Surgery may help shift the makeup of the intestinal bacteria toward a healthier profile. d. Depression and anxiety can improve after surgery. e. After surgery, people can return to their previous lifestyle and food choices and not worry about regaining the weight.

e. After surgery, people can return to their previous lifestyle and food choices and not worry about regaining the weight.

Which of the following are classified as water-soluble vitamins? a. Bs, C, D, E vitamins b. A, E vitamins c. A, Bs, K, D vitamins d. A, D, E, K vitamins e. Bs, C vitamins

e. Bs, C vitamins

If you eat a food that contains a large dose of thiamin and riboflavin, what will most likely happen to the thiamin and riboflavin? a. They will increase destruction of free radicals in the body. b. They will be stored in fat cells, which can lead to toxicity. c. They will be stored in the body tissues for later use as needed. d. They will promote the production of red blood cells. e. They will be excreted if not used on the day they are absorbed.

e. They will be excreted if not used on the day they are absorbed.

Which of the following statements regarding behavior modification for weight control is true? a. Only a trained psychotherapist should use behavior modification techniques. b. Self-acceptance predicts failure, while self-loathing predicts success. c. Many people succeed because their mental dialogue degrades their inappropriate habits. d. Cognitive skills, such as thinking habits, cannot be altered. e. Thinking habits are just as important as eating habits to achieving a healthy body weight.

e. Thinking habits are just as important as eating habits to achieving a healthy body weight.

Which statement about calcium metabolism is true? a. The greatest amount of calcium is absorbed from plant sources. b. When the body has enough calcium, proteins in the bloodstream carry calcium to where it is needed. c. There is an unlimited amount of calcium storage capacity in bones and teeth. d. Regulation of calcium metabolism is not very tight because there is a wide range of normal values. e. When the body needs more calcium, proteins in the intestinal lining increase its absorption.

e. When the body needs more calcium, proteins in the intestinal lining increase its absorption.

Which individual is most likely to experience osteoporosis? a. a 50-year-old female who works outdoors b. a 50-year-old male who eats a high-protein diet c. a post-menopausal female with a BMI of 25 d. a 12-year-old male with a body mass index (BMI) of 21 e. a 70-year-old female who smokes

e. a 70-year-old female who smokes

What type of water does NOT contain any dissolved minerals? a. soft water b. hard water c. spring water d. natural water e. distilled water

e. distilled water

Vitamin E is famous for its role. Answer in maintaining bone tissue integrity. in maintaining connective tissue integrity. in protecting tissues from oxidation. as a precursor for vitamin C.

in protecting tissues from oxidation.

Current recommendations for fruit and vegetable intakes are for us to consume a variety from each category on a daily basis. What are the two vitamins that are abundant in leafy greens and citrus fruits, as well as other fruits and vegetables? a. vitamin A and vitamin E b. thiamin and vitamin C c. vitamin B12 and thiamin d. riboflavin and vitamin K e. folate and vitamin C

e. folate and vitamin C

The water-soluble vitamins are characterized by all of the following except. Answer excesses are stored and easily build up to toxic concentrations. they travel freely in the blood. excesses are easily excreted and seldom build up to toxic concentrations. b and c.

excesses are stored and easily build up to toxic concentrations.

The eating pattern that best provides nutrients. Answer singles out a rich source for each nutrient and focuses on these foods. includes a wide variety of nutrient-dense foods. is a Western eating style that includes abundant meats and fats. singles out rich sources of certain phytochemicals and focuses on these foods.

includes a wide variety of nutrient-dense foods.

A deficiency of which mineral is a leading cause of intellectual disabilities worldwide? Answer iron iodine zinc chromium

iodine

Which of these mineral supplements can easily cause accidental poisoning in children? Answer iron sodium magnesium potassium

iron

Brown adipose tissue. Answer develops during starvation is a well-known heat-generating tissue develops as fat cells die off all of the above

is a well-known heat-generating tissue

Water from public water systems (tap water) Answer requires frequent home testing for microorganisms. is less healthful than bottled water. is disinfected to kill most microorganisms. is less healthful than private well water.

is disinfected to kill most microorganisms.

Which of the following is a physical consequence of fasting? Answer loss of lean body tissues lasting weight loss body cleansing all of the above

loss of lean body tissues

All of the following are health risks associated with excessive body fat except. Answer kidney disease sleep apnea gallbladder disease low blood lipids

low blood lipids

Most people who successfully maintain weight loss do all of the following except Answer continue to employ many of the routines that reduced their weight in the first place. obtain at least some guidance from popular diet books. reward themselves for sticking with their plan. monitor their weight and routine.

obtain at least some guidance from popular diet books.

In adults with vitamin D deficiency, poor bone mineralization can lead to. Answer pellagra pernicious anemia scurvy osteomalacia

osteomalacia

A deficiency of niacin may result in which disease?. Answer pellagra beriberi scurvy rickets

pellagra

Which two minerals are the major constituents of bone? Answer calcium and zinc sodium and magnesium phosphorus and calcium magnesium and calcium

phosphorus and calcium

Too little (blank) in the diet is associated with osteoporosis. Answer vitamin protein sodium niacin

protein

Which of the following is (are) rich source(s) of vitamin E?. Answer raw vegetable oil colorful foods, such as carrots milk and milk products raw cabbage

raw vegetable oil

When the brain receives signals that enough food has been eaten, this is called. Answer satiation ghrelin adaptation none of the above

satiation

The top food sources of zinc include. Answer grapes unleavened bread shellfish potato

shellfish

The appetite-stimulating hormone ghrelin is made by the. Answer brain fat tissue pancreas stomach

stomach

Which of the following describes the fat-soluble vitamins?. Answer few functions in the body easily absorbed and excreted stored abundantly in tissues a and c

stored abundantly in tissues

Water-soluble vitamins are mostly absorbed into. Answer the lymph the blood the extracellular fluid b and c

the blood

Fat-soluble vitamins are mostly absorbed into. Answer the lymph. the blood. the extracellular fluid. b and c.

the lymph.

The number of calories to cut from the diet to produce weight loss should be based on Answer the amount of weight the person wishes to lose. the person's BMI. the amount of food the person wishes to consume. the DRI for energy for the person's gender and age

the person's BMI.

Which of these B vitamins is (are) present only in foods of animal origin?. Answer niacin vitamin B12 riboflavin a and c

vitamin B12

Which of the following vitamins are classified as fat-soluble?. Answer vitamins B and D vitamins A, D, E, and K vitamins B, E, D, and C vitamins B and C

vitamins A, D, E, and K