Nutrtion 200 Exam 2 (Ch.4-7)

ketosis

A condition in which ketone bodies accumulate in the blood; can result in loss of consciousness and death in severe cases

consuming foods that contain gluten

A person suffering from celiac disease must avoid ________.

as little cholesterol as possible while following a healthy diet

According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines, healthy adults should consume ________.

dietary fiber

According to the 2015-2020 version of the Dietary Guidelines, which of the following substances is a nutrient of public health concern?

negative

Bernard has been suffering from a viral infection for over a week. As a result of the illness, he has a fever and has lost his appetite. Based on this information, his body is in ________ nitrogen balance.

has trouble swallowing

Bernetta has an autoimmune disease that affects salivary glands. As a result of this condition, Bernetta

PKU

Cameron was born with a condition that requires him to limit eating foods that contain phenylalanine. Based on this information, Cameron has________.

stimulates the gallbladder to release bile into the small intestine

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a hormone that ________.

stomach

Digestion of protein begins in the ________.

230

Felix generally consumes about 2300 kcal/day. He wants to reduce the amount of added sugars in his diet to meet the recommendation for added sugar intake, according to the 2015-2020 version of the Dietary Guidelines. Based on this information, Felix will limit his daily intake of added sugars to less than ________ kcal.

Peristalsis

Food that is moving through the body

cheese

Fred is a lactovegetarian. Which of the following foods does he eat?

Condensation

Lactose is formed from glucose and galactose through a ________ reaction.

Sucralose

Macey would like to sweeten her tea with a nonnutritive sweetener that provides no calories per teaspoon. Which of the following sweeteners should she use?

stimulate the production of vitamins and minerals

Major functions of lipids include all of the following EXCEPT ________.

Glucose

Nervous system cells burn mostly ________ for energy.

hydrochloric acid

Parietal cells secrete ions that form ________ in the stomach.

glycogen

Storage in form of glucose

True

T or F. A triglyceride has 3 fatty acids bonded to glycerol, which acts as a backbone for their attachment.

False

T or F. Active transport requires energy, but not a specific transporter.

False

T or F. After moving through the ileocecal sphincter, unabsorbed water and undigested remains of chyme enter the jejunum.

False

T or F. Fiber is nondigestible by humans because it contains a branched chain. Comparatively, starch is digestible by humans because it is unbranched.

True

T or F. Plant sterols and stanols are structurally similar to cholesterol and, as a result, plant sterols and stanols can interfere with cholesterol absorption.

protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS)

The ________ is the most commonly used tool to measure protein quality. Protein quality is determined based on both the amino acid composition score and the digestibility of the protein in the food source.

Bile

The liver recycles bile salts to make new ________.

Goblet Cells

Which of the following cells of the large intestine secrete mucus?

Type 2 diabetes

Which of the following characteristics increases a person's risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

ulcerative colitis

Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation and swelling of the intestinal tract?

Roast pork

Which of the following foods contains cholesterol?

Peanut butter on crackers

Which of the following foods is a high-protein snack that can replace a snack that contains animal protein?

whole milk

Which of the following foods is a rich source of saturated fat and cholesterol?

H. pylori

Which of the following microbes is associated with the development of most stomach ulcers?

Pancreas

Which of the following organs produces and secretes enzymes that are essential for proper digestion?

Most enzymes havenames that end with - ase.

Which of the following statements is true?

Starch

Salivary glands secrete amylase, an enzyme that enables a minor amount of ________ to be digested in the mouth. is composed of amylose and amylopectin.

Replace the barleywith rice

You would like to make chicken soup for a friend whohas celiac disease. To make the soup according to the recipe, you need to cook chicken, celery, onions, barley, salt, pepper, bay leaf, and carrots in a large amount of water. Based on this information, how can you make the soup safe for your friend to eat?

gylcerol

a three-carbon alcohol that forms the "backbone" of fatty acids Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Omega‒6 fatty acid

a type of polyunsaturated fatty acid with the first double bond at the sixth carbon from the omega end of the molecule ex. Linoleic acid 17 g/day for men 12 g/day for women

Omega‒3 fatty acid

a type of polyunsaturated fatty acid with the first double bond at the third carbon from the omega end of the molecule ex. Alpha-linolenic acid 1.6 g/day for men 1.1 g/day for women

Pancreatic amylase

digests starch in the small intestine

Chyme

moves from stomach to small intestine

glucose

What the nervous system uses for energy

lactose intolerance

Clayton is a 19-year-old college student. He avoids milk, because he claims drinking the beverage upsets his stomach and gives him intestinal "gas." However, he can eat yogurt and certain types of cheese without experiencing any symptoms. Based on this information, Clayton probably has

Nitrogen

Every amino acid has ________ in its chemical structure.

How Plants make Carbohydrates

Plants use the sun's energy to combine carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms (water) to make carbohydrate (glucose).

galactose, glucose, fructose

The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are

vitamin C

The typical vegetarian diet supplies high amounts of ________.

Phospholipids

________ contribute to the flexibility, structure, and proper functioning of cell membranes.

condensation reaction

a chemical reaction in which two or more molecules combine to produce water or another simple molecule glucose + fructose --(H2O)--> Sucrose

hyperglycemia

abnormally elevated blood glucose levels; the primary sign of the disease