NUTRTION FINAL EXAM CHAP 7-11

Dolores was 4 months pregnant when she discovered she was going to have a baby. Before learning about her pregnancy, she consumed moderate amounts of alcohol and, at times, she'd binge drink. Based on this information, which of the following health problems or defects is her baby likely to have when it's born? (Check all that apply.)

-Heart defects -Facial deformities -Lower than normal intelligence -Type 1 diabetes -Low blood pressure -Gallstones

The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for a healthy adult is this many grams of protein per kilogram of body weight

0.80

The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for a healthy adult is this many grams of protein per kilogram of body weight.

0.80

Which of the following formulas is a quick way to calculate basal metabolic rate for a woman?

0.9 kcal/kg/hr

Fat is the primary fuel muscles use while resting or engaged in low- to moderate-intensity physical activities. Put the activities in order from greatest percentage of energy utilized by fat (1) to least percentage of energy utilized by fat (4).

1- Bench press weight lifting 2- Two hours, 12-mile run 3- playing professional basketball game 4- 50-yard dash (sprint)

Obese people may be able to have surgery to help them lose weight. Complete each sentence with the appropriate term.

A bariatric surgical procedure that's relatively easy to reverse is called adjustable gastric banding. Weight loss after gastric banding tends to be less than with the more invasive surgical procedures. A sleeve gastrectomy procedure reduces the stomach's size but doesn't bypass part of the small intestine. Therefore, nutrient absorption isn't reduced. During the Roux-en-Y procedure, the surgeon uses staples to reduce the obese patient's stomach capacity, then cuts the small intestine and attaches the lower end of it to the newly formed stomach pouch.

Celiac disease is a condition characterized by intestinal damage that is caused by a reaction to a particular dietary protein. A person with celiac disease should avoid all of the following snacks or meals, except _____.

A casserole made with quinoa.

Consuming a vegan diet can provide some health advantages as well as some disadvantages. Indicate whether each statement about a vegan diet describes a health advantage or disadvantage by dragging the statement to its correct classification.

Advantage- High in fiber Low in saturated fat High in magnesium High in vitamin C Disadvantage- Low in energy, particularly for growing children Low in omega-3 fatty acid

During this type of exercise cells use oxygen to metabolize glucose.

Aerobic

Vitamin C in foods is unstable in the presence of heat, light, and ___________.

Alkaline conditions

When dissolved in water this type of mineral has an electrical charge.

electrolyte

This food is a high-quality source of protein.

fish

This is a possible side effect of minimizing table salt in the diet.

inadequate iodine intake

A person who ____ has a higher risk of developing an eating disorder than a person who does not have this characteristic.

is overly concerned about his or her body shape

These units are used to measure body weight when calculating protein needs

kilograms

Compared to other fat-soluble vitamins, excess vitamin E supplementation has __________ risk of toxicity.

lower

This deficiency disease results from a lack of both a vitamin B-12 and folate.

megaloblastic anemia

This by-product of excess vitamin C breakdown increases risk of kidney stones.

oxalate

This organ secretes proteases

pancreas

Complete each sentence with the appropriate cancer-related term.

An agent that is cancer-causing is said to be carcinogenic. Cancerous cells that divide repeatedly and frequently and do not die are called malignant cells. If these cells grow together to form masses, the masses are called malignant tumors. Cancerous cells move to and invade other parts of the body. When cancer spreads to other tissues, the disease has metastasized.

Supplementing with an excess of one mineral your ability to absorb other minerals.

Decreases

Overfat is the same thing as overweight.

False

Protein digestion is inefficient and a considerable amount is wasted in feces.

False

There are no plant-based foods that contain protein of high quality comparable to that from animals.

False

Vegetables are a good source of vitamin D.

False

Vitamin D is widely available in foods and its easy to consume adequate amounts.

False

This fluid is found inside cells.

Intacellular

Review the following descriptions of individuals' weight-loss behaviors. Check the behaviors that are recommended by registered dietitians because they're safe and reliable. (Check all that apply.)

Jeanne limits the time she spends using social media and watching TV to 4 hours per day. When Herb orders a meal at a restaurant, he eats only half of the food and takes the rest home to eat the following day. Susan measures her waistline once a month and keeps a record of the measurements in a notebook. When Cher wakes up in the morning, she always has a nutrient-dense breakfast.

This structural protein makes your skin waterproof.

Keratin

There are many different types of vegetarian diets. Some vegetarians consume no animal products and others combine plant sources of food with certain animal foods. Match the vegetarian diet with its definition.

Lactoovovegetarian-Plant-based diet but consumes eggs and dairy for animal protein. Semivegetarian-Avoids meat but eats eggs, fish, and dairy foods. Ovovegetarian-Plant-based diet with added eggs for animal protein Vegan-Eats only plant foods

This is a vegetarian diet that includes milk and dairy products.

Lactovegetarian

This term describes the amino acids in a food that are in amounts too low to manufacture (synthesize) proteins for growth, repair, and maintenance.

Limiting amino acid

Which of the following statements about cancer cells is true?

Malignant cells require more nutrients than normal cells

Marcella has a 5-year-old son who's allergic to peanuts, so she's concerned that her 1-month-old daughter has a high risk of developing food allergies. Which of the following steps can she take to reduce the likelihood that her daughter develops food allergies? (Check all that apply.)

Marcella should ask the baby's pediatrician when it's safe to give foods that contain peanuts to the infant. Marcella can begin feeding the infant eggs, wheat, and fish, when she is 4 to 6 months of age.

Adequate dietary carbohydrates spare this macronutrient from being used for energy during exercise.

None of these choices?? fiber?? fat NOT** protein??

This factor significantly influences the accuracy of skinfold thickness measurements of body fat.

Number of sites measured

Adequate vitamin D is necessary for bones cells to deposit the minerals calcium and.

Phosphorous

A legume is this part of a plant.

Pod

Consuming alcohol during pregnancy can cause a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, resulting in impaired physical and intellectual development. What's the current recommendation regarding alcohol consumption during pregnancy?

Pregnant women should avoid alcoholic beverages at all stages of pregnancy.

Determine whether each action is recommended by registered dietitians for weight loss.

Recommended: - Bake, broil, or roast meats as lower fat alt to frying -Take your usual size portion, then return 1/3 to 1/2 of the serving dish -When you eat pasta, opt for red sauce instead of white sauce Not Recommended: - Go grocery shopping on an empty stomach to help improve healthy food choices -Skipping meals, including breakfast, is a good way to lose weight -Make a list of forbidden foods that you promise not to eat until you reach your goal weight.

A vitamin D disorder during childhood can result in this condition characterized by bone deformities.

Rickets

This Act regulates municipal water systems in the U.S.

Safe Drinking Water Act

According to this theory body fat content is genetically predetermined.

Set- point theory

Protein digestion begins in this organ.

Stomach

A vegetarian diet generally ________ than a "Western diet."

Supplies more dietary fiber

At a blood pressure screening __________ pressure is the maximum within an artery.

Systolic

A deficiency of this vitamin causes beriberi.

Thiamin

When this gland is enlarged it is called a goiter.

Thyroid

A mineral that is measured in micrograms is a _________ mineral.

Trace

A food intolerance is not caused by the immune system.

True

Alcohol is a risk factor for mouth and throat cancer.

True

All body cells contain protein

True

Body proteins are manufactured at the cellular level.

True

Copper is a trace mineral that is used in the production of antioxidants.

True

Exposure to sunlight doesn't negatively affect the mineral content of a food.

True

Foods rich in vitamins and phytochemicals are the most effective dietary approach to reducing cancer risk.

True

It is possible to consume toxic levels of caffeine by drinking energy drinks.

True

No naturally occurring food is 100% protein.

True

Obesity is a risk factor for breast cancer.

True

The body does not make essential amino acids which must be supplied by foods.

True

Vitamin absorption levels change as body needs change.

True

Vitamins have drug like, toxic effects when repeatedly taken in excess.

True

Water is a solvent

True

A poorly planned vegetarian diet might be low in this vitamin.

Vitamin B-12

This vitamin tends to associate with body fats.

Vitamin D

Match each vitamin with its role in the body.

Vitamin D- bone health Vitamin C- amino acid metabolism Vitamin K- blood clotting Vitamin E- Antipxidant defense Vitamin B-12- Red blood cell formation Choline- Growth and development

Long term antibiotic therapy causes a deficiency of this vitamin by negatively affecting beneficial bacteria in the large intestine.

Vitamin K

Review the following descriptions of individuals' weight-loss behaviors. Check the behaviors that are recommended by registered dietitians because they're safe and reliable. (Check all that apply.)

When Herb orders a meal at a restaurant, he eats only half of the food and takes the rest home to eat the following day. When Cher wakes up in the morning, she always has a nutrient-dense breakfast.

When should fats, such as canola oil or butter, be added to cooked foods?

after cooking

Lawrence doesn't know that long-term energy imbalance will lead to a change in his body weight. He can expect to gain weight when his

caloric intake exceeds his energy expenditure.

Alcohol has many nutritional effects on the body. Check the problems that can be caused by consuming excessive amounts of alcohol.

-Thiamin deficiency -Low blood glucose -Low blood -triglycerides -Excessive absorption of magnesium -Folate deficiency

What is the U.S. Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for protein as a percent of daily energy intake?

10-35%

Under normal conditions protein is metabolized to provide no more than this percent of daily calorie needs.

15%

The Adequate Intake (AI) for water for men is about ______ cups daily.

15.5

How many pounds does a 70 kilogram man weigh?

154

This is a reasonable weekly goal for an overweight person planning to lose weight.

2 pounds

Animal foods contribute this proportion of protein in the typical U.S. diet.

2/3

A man with this percent body fat is overweight.

22%

One pound of body fat represents this many calories.

3500

How many kilocalories are in one gram of protein? (number only do not add units)

4

During this stage of pregancy the developing human is a fetus.

8 weeks to birth

Which of the following is the closest value to the daily basal metabolic rate for a women who needs approximately 84 kilocalories per hour to maintain?

?

________ percent (%) of Americans are hypertensive. (number only, do not add a percent sign or units)

?

Eating disorders and disordered eating can manifest in a number of different ways. Match each of the disordered eating scenarios with the potential diagnosis or type of eating disorder.

Anorexia nervosa- Laurie is a 20 year old college student; past year lost 40 pounds, thinks she's too fast, no period. Female Athlete triad- Elite gymnast who is very competitive. Lost a lot of weight and broke her ankle after falling off the balance beam Bulimia nervosa- Jim a college wrestler who struggles to keep his weight down. Eats a lot of food and makes himself vomit Binge-eating disorder- Deanna is obese. Whenever she's depressed she eats large quantities of various foods. Doesn't purge after eating. Gains more weight. "Eating is the only thing that makes me happy.

Match the personal description with an eating disorder or disordered eating practice.

Anorexia nervosa: Sophia's BMI is 16.2, thinks she's fat, consumes less than 600 kcal Disordered eating: Marcus's BMI is 23.6 skips meals. Eats a heavy meal for dinner. Friends don't understand why he doesn't gain weight Bulimia nervosa: Russ's BMI is 24. When he's feeling lonely he'll eat 5 cheeseburgers, fries, donuts as a meal. After he will vomit his food Binge- eating disorder: Maggie's BMI is 38.7. Very depressed, she will consume a lot of food. Doesn't exercise or use laxatives

These protein structures in the bloodstream combat infection.

Antibodies

Regina knows that moderate alcohol consumption may reduce cardiovascular disease risk. Match the type of alcohol with its serving size that constitutes one drink:

Beer: 12 oz is one serving Wine: 5 oz is one serving Liquor: 1.5 oz is one serving

The Federal Trade Commission advises consumers to be wary of weight-loss products and services that make certain types of claims. Match each advertising statement or feature of an ad to the type of claim.

Causes rapid and extreme weight loss- "lose up to 18 pounds in one week!" Requires no change of dietary or physical activity patterns.- "lose weight without dieting or strenuous exercise. Eat as much as you want!" Results in permanent weight loss.- "Lose weight and keep it off" Displays before-and-after photos.- "Results not typical" Is scientifically endorsed.- "Clinical tested, physician recommended"

This substance stimulates the kidneys to form urine.

Diurectic

The accumulation of fluid in tissues that happens when dietary protein is insufficient is called.

Edema

A complementary combination of protein foods contains animal sources.

False

A women with a waist circumference of 30 has central body fat obesity.

False

BMI (Body Mass Index) is an accurate predictor of your risk of developing diseases associated with body fat.

False

Minerals don't occur naturally in food and must be added.

False

This substance in the stomach changes the inactive form of pepsin into the active form.

Hydrochloric Acid

Determine whether each statement about alcohol is true or false.

False: - Alcohol digestion is a complex process - Drinking coffee and taking multivitamins expedites alcohol detoxification - The majority of alcohol detoxification occurs in the stomach True: - Drinking alcohol on an empty stomach speeds up the rate at which alcohol enters the bloodstream when.... - Generally speaking, a woman who is of comparable size to a man will get drunk more quickly when she consumes the.... - Binge drinking is classified as five or more drinks per occasion for males and four more drinks per occasion for females.

This form of folate is used in food fortification.

Folic acid

Registered dietitian nutritionists generally don't recommend that healthy people consume more than the RDA amount of protein. Which of the following statements about excessive protein intakes is true? (Check all that apply.)

For some people, excess protein intakes may contribute to kidney stones. Some athletes may need to consume amounts of protein that are higher than the RDA.

The only treatment for celiac disease is a gluten-free diet. Determine whether each food or ingredient is gluten-free or contains gluten.

Gluten-free Corn, Rice, processed soy Gluten-containing Macaroni made from wheat flour Barley cereal

The only treatment for celiac disease is a gluten-free diet. Determine whether each food or ingredient is gluten-free or contains gluten.

Gluten-free: Corn Rice Processed soy Gluten-Containing: Mac & Cheese made with wheat flour Rye cracker Barley cereal