ob. Diagnostic Sonography TEST 2 Review

Mucinous cystuadenocarcinoma most frequently occurs in women over the age of __________ years

40 Mucinous cystadenocarinoma most frequently occurs in women 40 to 70 years of age and accounts for 5% to 10% of all primary malignant neoplasms.

Simple ovarian cysts in postmenopausal women are not likely malignant when measuring less than __________ centimeters (cm).

5 Simple ovarian cysts in postmenopausal women are not likely malignant when measuring less than 5 cm

Paraovarian cysts arise from which one structures?

BROAD LIGAMENT Paraovarian cysts arise from the broad ligament and are usually of mesothelial or paramesonephric origin.

The MOST common adnexal mass found during early pregnancy is which one of the following cysts?

CORPUS LUTEAL If the ovum is fertilized, then the corpus lute continues as the corpus lute of pregnancy

A specific diagnosis of a paraovarian cyst is possible only by?

DEMONSTRATING AN IPSILATERAL OVARY SEPARATE FROM THE CYST

A tumor that may mimic gas or feces in the pelvis is?

DERMOID Echogenic mermaids may often be confused with bowel, because the mass may have characteristics similar to those of bowel tissue

The most common benign tumor of the ovary is which one of the following masses?

DERMOID The most common benign mass of the ovary is a dermoid tumor

A hypo echoic mass adjacent to the ovary is most likely masses?

ENDOMETRIOMA An endometrioma is a well-defined unilocular or multilocular hypo echoic mass (homogenous with low-level internal echoes).

Functioning endometrial tissue is present outside of the uterus in what common condition?

ENDOMETRIOSIS Endometriosis is a common condition in which functioning endometrial tissue is present outside of the uterus.

Which one of the following statements about polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is FALSE?

FALSE: PCOS OCCURS IN THE MIDDLE-TO-LATE 30s PCOS occurs in the late teens through the 20s. Includes amenorrhea, early pregnancy loss, hirsutism.

Which one of the following statements about ovarian torsion is FALSE?

FALSE: THE LEFT OVARY IS THREE TIMES MORE LIKELY TO DEVELOP TORSION THAN THE RIGHT. TRUE: The right ovary is three times more likely to develop torsion than the left. Ovarian torsion is usually associated with a mass. Torsion frequently involves the ovary and the fallopian tube. The ovary appears enlarged.

A cyst occurs when a dominant follicle does not succeed in ovulating but remains active although immature?

FOLLICULAR A follicular cyst forms when a mature follicle fails to ovulate or involute.

Sonographic criteria for a simple ovarian cyst include all of the following except?

False: POSTERIOR SHADOWING Sonographic criteria for a simple ovarian cyst includes anechoic appearance, smooth thin walls, and posterior acoustic enhancement.

The normal ovary exhibits which one of the following characteristic appearance?

HOMOGENEOUS ECHOTEXTURE The normal ovary has a homogenous echo texture, which may exhibit a central, more echogenic medulla.

Theca-lutein cysts are associated with high levels of which one of the following hormones?

HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN (hCG) Theca-lutein cysts are associated with high levels of hCG.

A mutinous cyst adenoma is all of the following except:

Is NOT: THICK WITH IRREGULAR WALLS AND SEPTATIONS A mutinous cyst adenoma is demonstrated as a simple or separated, thin-walled multilocular cyst. They are Large cystic mass with multilocular cystic spaces, unilateral, most common cystic tumor.

The partial or complete rotation of the ovarian pedicle on its axis is defined as what?

OVARIAN TORSION Ovarian torsion is defined as the partial or complete rotation of the ovarian pedicle on its axis.

Which pelvic organ is more commonly involved with metastatic disease?

OVARIES The ovaries are more involved with metastatic disease than any other pelvic organ.

What pelvic organ organ is more involved with metastatic disease?

OVARY The ovaries are more involved with metastatic disease.

Ovarian carcinoma is classified into four stages. Stage II is limited to what?

PELVIS Stage II is limited to the pelvis

What endocrine disorder is associated with chronic anovulation?

POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME PCOS is an endocrine disorder associated with chronic anovulation.

In PCOS, the ovaries have which shape?

ROUNDED In PCOS, the ovaries have a round shape.

Which mass is a rare but benign ovarian neoplasm most often seen in postmenopausal women?

THECOMA Thecomas are usually benign and unilateral, making up 1% of ovarian neoplasms with 70% occurring postmenopausal women

The dermoid tumor is typically associated with which one of the following ultrasound signs?

TIP OF THE ICEBERG The term, tip of the iceberg sign, refers to a mixture of matted hair and sebum-producing, ill-defined acoustic shadowing that obscures the posterior wall of the lesion.

An ovary is generally considered abnormal if its volume is _________ the size of the contralateral ovary.

TWICE An ovary is generally considered abnormal if its volume has changed more than 20 ml or is twice the size of the contralateral ovary.