OB EXAM 2
Prolonged deceleration
-Right now! cut off from O2 in mom; Supine Hypotentsion, seizure, PE, CVA really compressed cord.
The perineal nurse is describing the process of fetal engagement to a group of first-time parents in a prenatal class. The nurse explains that with primigravidas, the usual time for engagement to occur is which of the following. 6 weeks before the due date this can not be predicted 2 weeks before the due date during labor
2 weeks before the due date Engagement is the term used to indicate that the largest transverse diameter of the presenting part
Fetal bradycardia
<110 Discontinue pitocin, assist client to side-lying position, administer 02, insert IV, administer tocolytic, notify provider
Fetal tachycardia
>160 bpm
deceleration (FHR)
A decrease in fetal heart rate from the baseline
vertex presentation
A delivery in which the head comes out first.
A nurse is preparing to discharge a woman and her infant from the hospital.The woman is Rh-negative and the infant is Rh-positive,This was her first pregnancy.Which nursing action is most appropriate? Provide the woman with routine discharge instructions Administer Rh immune globulin (RhoGAM) and document accurately Instruct the woman to get RhoGAM with her next pregnancy Educate the woman on the need for RhoGAM if she delivers an RH-negative baby
Administer Rh immune globulin(RhoGAM) and document accurately AT: Injection of Rh immune globin(a solution of gamma globin that contains Rh antibodies) within 72 hhours after birth prevents sensitization in the Rh-negative woman who has had a feto maternal transfusion of Rh-positive fetal red bloods cells.
A 39 week laboring patient calls and says" i think my water just broke ' Upon assessment the nurse finds she is correct The nurse recognizes that the priority intervention after rupture of membranes is to do which of the following Take the patients vital signs Perform a vaginal examination assess the fetal heart rate(FHR) apply clean linnnes under the woman
Assess the fetal heart rate
New parents express concern that, because of the mother's emergency cesarean birth under general anesthesia, they did not have the opportunity to hold and bond with their daughter immediately after her birth. The nurse's response should convey to the parents that: a. Attachment, or bonding, is a process that occurs over time and does not require early contact. b. The time immediately after birth is a critical period for people. c. Early contact is essential for optimum parent-infant relationships. d. They should just be happy that the infant is healthy.
Attachment, or bonding, is a process that occurs over time and does not require early contact.
Late decelerations(SATA)
Bad (placental insufficiency) Stop pitocin change maternal position oxygen via mask iv fluid bolus
The nurse is caring for a patient who has decided not to breastfeed .Patient teaching to promote lactation suppression should include which of the following(SELECT ALL THAT APPLY) using medications to suppress lactation binding the breast with a snug bra or binder applying warm compressess Appling ice bages pumping the breasts
Binding the breasts with a snug bra or binder Applying ice bags Rat:The woman should wear a well fitting support bra continuously for atleaast 72 hours. She should avoid breast stimulations, including running warm water over breasts newborn suckling or expressing milk.Periodic applications of ice packs tothe breast can help decrease comfort associated with engorgement.(perry 2018 p 477
A laboring patient asks when she may begin pushing.The nurses best response A.when you feel rectal pressure ,you may begin pushing B.When you are completely effaced you may begin pushing C.When you are contracting every 2-3 minutes,you may begin pushing DWhen your cervix is dilated 10cm, you may begin pushing
D When your cervix is dilated 10 cm you may begin pushing(𝒄𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆 𝒊𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒆 𝒍𝒂𝒃𝒐𝒓) Contraction frequency does not determine the point in time when pushing may begin. Complete effacement may preced dilation,especially in primigravida patients.
Soft tissues
Distensible lower uterine segment Cervix Pelvic floor muscles Vagina Introitus
The perinatal nurse teaches the post partum woman about the normal process of diuresis that she can expect to occur approximately 6-8 hours after childbirth.Which hormone is responsible for the diuresis? Progesterone Prolactin Oxytocin Estrogen
Estrogen Decreased estrogen levels are associated with the diuresis of excess extracellular fluid accumulated during pregnancy
When usig electronic monitoring to assess the fetal response to labor ,external monitors measure which characteristics of contractions (SATA)
Frequency,Duration The transducer can measure and record the frequency and approximate duration of UCs but not the intensity
A post partumnurse is preparing to perfform a fundal massage on a patient who delivered 6 hours ago. Order the sequence of events for perfroming this procedure.
Gently press the fundus downwarrd and rotate the upper hand to massage the uterus until firm(fifth) assisst the patient to the supine position second place one hand around the top of the funduds fourth
A nurse is assesing a patients fundus and finds it form,2cm above umbilicus and displaced to the right .What is the nurses most appropriate intervention massage the fundus until firm have the patient void and reassess the fundus
Have the patient void and reassess the fundus
Bishop score
Helps determine readiness for induction by assigning a value to 5 key indicators of vaginal birth success Looks @ cervical dilation cervical efecement fetal station cervical consistency cervical position High scores are good!! D-E-S-C-P
Which laboratory finding should be assessed further on a patient who delivered 24 hours ago? hemoglobin 7.2 grams/dl white blood cell count of 14,000 Hematocrit 5% Trace of blood in urine
Hemoglobin 7.2 grams/dl Hemoglobin and Hematocrit values are often evaluated on the first postpartum day to assess loss during birth(perry 2018 p468)
A nurse is caring for a laboring patient and is having difficult monitoring the fetal heart tones. Which conditions would be a contraindication for the nurse to place an internal scalp electrode. mother with morbid obesity non-reassuring fetal heart tones Hepatitis C positive mother Prolonged rupture of membranes
Hepatitis C positive mother RAT any communicable disease is contraindicated for the use of internal monitoring of the fetus because it can increase the risk of transmission to the fetus.
After delivering a 9 pound baby a client who is gravida 5 para 5 is admitted to the postpartum unit.Prority nursing care for this patient should be: perform passive range of motion on lower extremities because she is a riak for thromboembolism offer fluids sinc multiparas dehydrate quicker in labor assss her diet because she is ay risk for anemia palpate the fundus because she is at risk for uterine atony
Palpate the fundus because she is at risk for uterine atony RAT Women that are multiparous are at greater risk of uterine atony because of repeated distention of the uterine musculature
A triage nurse is in the Labor and Delivery unit when a patient presents in labor. The nurse performs the Leopolds maneuvers and notes that teh long axis (back) of the fetus is across the maternal abdomen. A vaginal exam revelas tahat revelas taht there is no presenting part engaged in the pelvis.How should the nurse documnet this presentation. Vertex presentation brow presentation frank breech presentation should presentation
Shoulder presentation This scenario notes a fetus in transverse lie with no part of the fetus engaged in the maternal pelvis.When the fetus is in transverse liem the shoulder is the presenting part.
With regard to parents early and extended contact with their infant and relationships built nurses should be aware that(SATA) Skin-to skin contact is preferable to contact with the body totally wrapped in a blanket immediate contact is essential for the parental-child relationship mothers need to take precendence over their partners and other family matters extended contact is especially important for adolescents and low income women because they are at risk for parenting inadequacies'
Skin-to skin contact is preferable to contact with the body totally wrapped in a blanket extended contact is especially important for adolescents and low income women because they are at risk for parenting inadequacies' RAT: Extended contacts with teh infant should be available for all parents but especiallyy for those at risk for parenting indequacies ,such as adolescents and low income women. Postpartum nurses need to consider and encourage activities that optimize family centered care
describe the anotomic structure of the bony pelvis
The bony pelvis is formed by the fusion of the ilium ,ischium,pubis, and sacral bones table 13.2 p 327
VEAL CHOP
V- Variable C- Cord Compression E- Early Decels(with contraction) H- Head Compression A- Accelerations O - OK L-Late Decels P - Placental Insufficiency
This is the first postoperative day for a patient who delivered by cesearean section.The patient asks the nurse why she has to get up and walk when it hurts her incision so much .The nurses best response is: Walking encourages deep breathing to blow off the anesthetic from surgery Walking decreases the risk of blood clots after surgery Walking will decrease the occurrence of afterpains Early ambulation is important to stimulate milk production
Walking decreases the risk of blood clots after surgery Early ambulation is associated with a reduced incidence of venous thromboembolism(VTE)
Explain the five major factors that affect the labor process
a.Passenger(fetus and placenta) b.passagway(birth canal) c.powers(contractions) d.position of mother right side gives best perfusion to the uterus e.psychologic response decrease the stress in the room
FHT Reactive Apatient is admitted to the OB triage unit for evaluation for labor. After placing the patient on the fetal monitor, the nurse observe these fetal heart tones.The nurse understands the underlying process for the periodic change is cord compression placental insufficiency adequate oxygenation head compression
adequate oxygenation Acceleration of the FHR is defined as a visually apparent ,abrupt increase in FHR above the baseline rate.The peak is a leasts 15 beats/min above teh baselin and the acceleration lasts 15 seconds or more, with the return to baseline less than 2 minutes
a patient who delivered her baby 5 hours ago has a 4 year old son at home. The patient is concerned about his reaction to the new baby.What is the best response to assist this postpartal family? discuss the dangers of sibling rivalry with patient and encourage strict discipline have the older children bring a gift to the baby instruct the patient to write a letter to her son arrange for the son to visit the patient and the baby as soon as possible
arrange for the son to visit the patient and the baby as soon as possible RAT have someone bring the child to the hospital to visit you and the baby
A wwoman presents to the OB unit and reports a gush of vaginal fluid aftersneezing.The nurse performs a niztrazine tape testand documents that the tape is blue in color . What action with the nurse take next ? inquire if the woman has any symptoms of a vaginal infection arrange for the woman to b admitted to the birthing unit assess the woman for urinary incontinence ask the woman about recent sexual intercourse
arrange for the woman to b admitted to the birthing unit
A woman in labor with an epidural in place seems to be progressing more slowly than expected. Which action should teh nurse performs first? assess the woman for a full bladder assist patient to the left lateral position administer oxygen at 10L/min via face mask provide stimulants such as caffeine
assess the woman for a full bladder A distended bladder can inhibit uterine contractions and fetal descent resulting in a slowing of the progress of labor
breech presentation
birth position in which the buttocks, feet, or knees emerge first
abnormal presentation
birth position in which the presenting part of the fetus is not the head
examine the maternal anatomic and physiologic adaptations to labor
cardiovascular respiratory renal integumentary musculoskeletal
fetal monitoring
continuous recording of the fetal heart rate and maternal uterine contractions to assess fetal status and the progress of labor The dark vertical line represent the light vertical lines indicate 10 second intervals fetal heart tones record on the top uterine activity records on the botto
Variable decelerations
cord compression NSG interventions discontinue oxytiocin change side/position
Please use the free text form to fill in the brlanks A patients presents to the labor and delivery unit and is in active labor. Upon placing the patient on the fetal monitor , the nurse observes these fetals hearts tones. The nurse understands the understands the underlying process of these periodic changes is _________ Her first action is to ___________
cord compression, reposition the mother
A 2nd trimester warning sign pregnant women should be educated about is the absence of fetal movements. What should a perinatal nurse recommend to the patient when assessing fetal movement visually observe her abdomen to assure fetal movements eat a meal and monitor for 2 hours go for a walk while assessing kick counts
eat a meal and monitor for 2 hours go for a walk while assessing kick counts gently poke or nudge the baby
A patient at 28 weeks of gestation presents to the OB triage unit at 8;30 with complaints of suprapubic pain and traces of blood in her urine. The nurse tells the patient these symptoms indicate a probable urinary tract infection. The most appropriate action for the nurse is to advise the patient to drink cranberry juice and take over the counter azo urinary pain relief evaluate the patient direct the patient to the ER for treatment advise the patient to call her primary provider first thing in the morning
evaluate the patient
A patient is in the Labor and Delivery unit.The patient displayed "reactive' fetal heart tones on arrival but now the nurse observes these fetal heart tones. What is the most likely underlying cause for the fetal heart tones tracing fetal distress post date gestation maternal fever fetal sleep cycle
fetal sleep cycle The most common reason for the abscence of FHR accelerations is the quiet fetal sleep state.However CNS depressant of fetal malformations can also adversely affect the test.
passenger
fetus/placenta · Head size- skull bones overlap to accommodate birth o Suture lines and fontanelles- empty spaces where bones don't meet · Fetal presentation- what's presenting at cervix o Cephalic- head presentation o Breech- butt first o Shoulder o Vertex-specific portion of head, occiput · External version- will rotate in uterus if so · Fetal lie- how long axis of baby lines up with axis of mom o vertical or longitudinal, cephalic or breech is only way for vaginal delivery o if transverse, horizontal or oblique- baby will usually turn · Fetal attitude- relation of fetal parts to himself, position of head, flexed or extended o Will facilitate or impede delivery o Changes in attitude=change in biparietal diameter, larger diameter=more difficult to deliver o Most common- general flexion · 0 station- when baby gets down to mom's ischial spines, "engaged" · Effacement- how thin cervix is
Bad cervix
firm not dilated Prostaglandin is used for cervical dilation
A 35 week patient has had an ultrasound to confirm the position of the fetus. While explaining this position to the patient, the nurse offers an illustration on the position to the patient, the nusrs offers an illustration on the position of the baby in relation to her boy. In which position is the fetus? cephalic vertex complete breech frank breech
frank breech
Before being discharged; a patient asks her nurse about 'baby blues'. The patient asked'is there anthing we can do to prevent this from happening or at least cope with it if it does happen. The nurses best response is try to become skillful in breastfeeding and caring for your baby as quickly as you can i will call your doctor and get a prescription for an antidepressant to prevent the blues from happening Get as much rest as you can and sleep when the baby sleeps, because fatigue can percipitate the blues or make them worse
get as much rest as you can and sleep when the baby sleeps because fatique can precipitate the blues or make them worse REFER to box 20.2 coping with post partum blues
The Pregnancy and Lactation Labeling Final Rule (PLLR) is a system in which the FDA gives providers information on how to prescribe medications to patients gives providers information in order to use clinical judgement when prescribing medications lists medications in numbered categories gives providers a "give" or "do not give" listing of medication offers information on regarding female reproductive risks
gives providers information in order to use clinical judgement when prescribing medications RAT: This new system is called Pregnancy and Lactation Final Rule
The perinatal nurse is caring for awoman who has just delivered her baby at 11:23 As she waits for the delivery of the placenta she understands that a lengthened third stage of labor may delay maternal-infant bonding decreased teh risk of retained placental fragments decreased the risk for maternal anemia increase the patients risk for hemorhage
increase the patients risk for hemorrhage
The nurse is caring for a laboring patient The patient a 17 year old primigravida, is quite anxious. The nurse anticipates the patient anxiety will result in: increased pain during labor altered bonding after delivery rapid progression of labor the need for an episiotomy
increased pain during labor
A postpartum woman is getting up for the first time after an unmedicated , un assisted vaginal birth. What action by the nurse is most appropriate instruct the patient to call when she is finished instruct the woman to sit on the edge ofthe bed prior to standing apply a properly fitting gait belt before assisting the woman take the patinets blood pressure lying down and then in a standding postion
instruct the woman to ssit on the edge of the bed prior to standing
The nurse would use which of the following to most accurately assess frequency duration and strength of contraction of a woman in active labor patients description intrauterine pressure catheter tocodynamometer abdominal palpation
intrauterine pressure catheter
Acceleration of FHR
is defined as a visually apparent, abrupt increase in FHR above baseline rate.
A patient has been in labor for 3 hours. The nurse now observes these fetal heart tones.The patient is 6cmat 2 station with ruptured membrane. The nurse understands the periodic changes early decelerations reactive accelerations variable decelerations late decelerations
late decelerations late deceleration of the FHR is a visually apparent , gradual decrease in and return to baseline FHR associated with UCs.
A nurse is caring for a laboring patient who is on continuous electronic fetal monitoring. Earlier in the day, the fetal heart rate baseline was 140 . The baseline is now 170. An explanation for this could be: opioid pain mediations placental insufficiency fetal movement maternal fever
maternal fever Fetal tachycardia can be caused by maternal or fetal infection
A perinatal nurse preparing a patient for an epidural block. Which of the following does the nurse anticipate as potential complications from epidural anesthesia?(SATA) maternal hypotension maternal hypertension increased duration of labor increased risk of cesarean section delivery
maternal hypotension increased duration of labor
Differentiate among the nursing interventions used for managing
monitor -Tachycardia 2early sign of fetal hypoxia 3 can be caused by maternal fever 4maternal hyperthyroid disease 5 Drug induced: atropine ,ritodine,terbutaline,vistaril(HTN) Bradycardia Baseline less than 110 for duration of 10 minutes or longer 2 Late manifestations of fetal hypoxia 3Drug induced(narcotics ,CNS depressant) Maternal hypotension Fetal heart block
A nurse is caring for a laboring patient who does not wish to recive a regional block(epidural) for pain mangment.The patient recieevd a dose of opiod pain medicatio,teh patient become somnolent.The nurse obtained maternal vital signs. dilaudid(hydromorphone) celestone(betamethosone) narcan(naloxone) brethine(terbutaline)
narcan(naloxone)
examine the maternal anatomic and physiologic adaptations to labor
neurologic changes gastrointestinal endocrine
A nurse is caring for a patient scheduled for an epidural block.After reviewing the womans admission lab work what would be the nurses next action. WBC-32,000/mcl Hematocrit-38% Hemogobin-14g/l Platey count -63,000 /mcl position patient in the left lateral position ensure the consent form is iin the womens chart call anesthesia fo for epidural replacement notify th primary provider mmediately
notify the primary provider immediately
A nurse is caring for a laboring patient and notes the fetal heart tones. What interventions will th nurse perform assist the patient to the left lateral position increase IV fluids decrease or stop uterine ativity perform a vaginal exam continue to monitor the patient administer 02at 8-10L /min via mask
perform a vaginal exam continue to monitor the patient This is abnormal and benign finding.
The patients fetal heart rate 150 bpm before the contraction begins .During the contraction the heart rate gradually falls to 110 a gradually returns to baseline 30 secs after the contraction resolves .Which of the following is the priority nursing action place the patient in left lateral position insert a foley catheter and measure urinary output administer oxygen at 2L/minute via nasal cannula place th epatient in semi fowlers position
place the patient in the left lateral position
A husband in labor and delivery suite is concerned that as his wifes labor progresses she has become distant, it is not interested in conversation and at times is snort with him.Which response by the nurse is most appropriate Maybe if you step out for a few minutes she will feel better this is a difficult period; it will be over soon she must concentrate to cope with her labor dont worry women often get this way during labor
she must concentrate to cope with her labor
______________is the failure of the uterus to return to a nonpregnant state
subinvolution subinvolution is the failure of the uterus to return to a nonpregnant state.
A 9:00am the Ob nurse assesses fetal position at 0 station. A 11:00 despite strong regular contractions the nurse , the nurse again assesses fetal station at 0 station. What could be indicated by this situations The patient is in false labor the patient needs to labor down the patient may have had cephalopelvic disproportion the patient has a full bladder
the patient may have a cephalopelvic disproportion The head usually engages in the pelvis in a syncitic position
The nurse is caring fo a laboring patient and perform a vaginal exam . When she reports to the provider that the presenting part is engaged she understands that: the presenting part has passed into the true pwlvis delivery of the fetus is imminent this may predict celphalopelvic disproportion engagemnet generally occurs at 0 station
the presenting part has passed into the true pelvis engagement generally occurs at 0 station
The patient has been having contractions every 5 minutes for 3 hours .Which factor would the nurse use to determine if the patient is in true or false labor? The cervix is dilating the membrane have ruptured An increase in vaginal discharge The contractions are becoming more intense
thecervixisdilating RAT a change in the cervix is te only indicator of true labor
A nurse is caring for a patient who just delivered a term baby .The nurse encourages the mother to engage in skin-to-skin care with her newborn because she recognized the benefits of this early contact. Please name two benefits of this early contact . Please name two benifits of skin to skin
thermo-regulation increases breastfeeding
The nurse is assessing a patient who is one day postpartum. The nurse notes that the fundus is firm and midline , a moderate amount of rubra lochia with two dime sized clots on her peripad. What should the nurse determine from these assessment findings? the patient should b instructed to inrease her fluid intake this is a normal assesment this indicates the presence of infections
this a normal assesment
A 25-year-old gravida 2 para 2-0-0-2 gave birth 4 hours ago to a 9lb 7-ounce boy after augmentation of labor with pitocin. She puts on her call light and asks for her nurse right away stating,im bleeding a lot'. The most likely cause of uterine atony retained placental fragments unrepaired vaginal lacerations puerperal infection
uterine atony The most frequent cause of excessive bleeding after birth is uterine atony(failure of the the uterine muscle to contract firmly )
Pain experienced as the uterus contracts and cervix dilates is_______. Pain experienced from stretching and distention of perineal tissue and laceration______. somatic referred visceral somatic somatic visceral referred visceral
visceral,somatic
The nurse notes that an hispanic woman does not cuddle or interact with her newborn other than to feed him, change his diapers or soiled cloths, and put him to bed. In evaluating the woman's behavior with her in fant the nurse realizes that the woman needs a referral to a social worker for further evaluation of her parenting behaviors once she goes home with the newborn the womans is inexperienced in caring for newborns what appears to be a lack of interest in the newborn is in fact her way of demonstrating intense love by attempting to ward off evil spirits extra time needs to be planned for assisting the woman in bonding with her newborn
what appears to be a lack of interest in the newborn is in fact her way of demonstrating intense love by attempting to ward off evil spirits
A nurse has just assessed a newly admitted laboring patient whose pelvimetry indicates a platypelloid shaped pelvis.What should this information indicate for the nurse. she will likely have a vacuum or forceps assisted delivery she will likely give birth vaginally the information is inconclusive
will probably require a c section delivery This shaped pelvis will likely lead to a transverse arrest of the fetus and likely require a cesarean section delivery
In regard to rubella and Rh administration nurses should be aware that: Rh immune globulin boosts the immune system and thereby enhances of vaccinations women should be warn that the rubella vaccination is tetratogenic and that they must avoid pregnancy for 1 month after vaccination breastfeeding mothers cannot be vaccinated with teh live attennuated rubella virus Rh immune globulin is safely administerd intravenously because it cannot harm a nursing infant
women should be warned that the rubella vaccination is tetratogenic and that they must avoid pregnancy for 1 month after vaccination RAT: women are cautioned to avoid becoming pregnant for 28 days after recieving the rubella vaccine.
passageway
· Bony pelvis/soft tissues make up canal · Soft tissues- lower uterine segment, cervix, vagina, introitus · True pelvis is inlet, midplane (widest), outlet (narrow) · Pelvimetry- want "adequate," measuring all angles of pelvis to estimate if pt. can deliver vaginally
Platypelloid
𝐁𝐫𝐢𝐦 Flattened anteroposteriorly wide transversly 𝐃𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐡 Shallow 𝐒𝐢𝐝𝐞 𝐰𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐬 Straight 𝐈𝐬𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐒𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐬 Blunted, widely seperated 𝐬𝐚𝐜𝐫𝐮𝐦 Slightly curved 𝐒𝐮𝐛𝐩𝐮𝐛𝐢𝐜 Wide 𝐄𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬 𝐨𝐧 𝐥𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐫/𝐛𝐢𝐫𝐭𝐡 Increases the likelihood of transverse arrest
Android
𝐁𝐫𝐢𝐦 Heart shaped angulated 𝐃𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐡 Deep 𝐒𝐢𝐝𝐞 𝐰𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐬 𝐈𝐬𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐒𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐬 Convergent 𝐬𝐚𝐜𝐫𝐮𝐦 Slightly curved,terminal portion often beaked 𝐒𝐮𝐛𝐩𝐮𝐛𝐢𝐜 Narrow 𝐄𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬 𝐨𝐧 𝐥𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐫/𝐛𝐢𝐫𝐭𝐡 Increased risk of CPD
Athropoid
𝐁𝐫𝐢𝐦 Oval wider anteroposteriorly 𝐃𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐡 Deep 𝐒𝐢𝐝𝐞 𝐰𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐬 Straight 𝐈𝐬𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐒𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐬 Prominent often with narrow interspinous diameter 𝐬𝐚𝐜𝐫𝐮𝐦 Slightly curved 𝐒𝐮𝐛𝐩𝐮𝐛𝐢𝐜 Narrow 𝐄𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬 𝐨𝐧 𝐥𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐫/𝐛𝐢𝐫𝐭𝐡 More often associated with birth in the OP position
Gynecoid
𝐁𝐫𝐢𝐦 slightly ovoid or transversely 𝐃𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐡 𝐒𝐢𝐝𝐞 𝐰𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐬 Moderate 𝐈𝐬𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐒𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐬 Blunt, somewhat widely separated 𝐒𝐚𝐜𝐫𝐮𝐦 Deep Curved 𝐒𝐮𝐛𝐩𝐮𝐛𝐢𝐜 Wide 𝐄𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬 𝐨𝐧 𝐥𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐫/𝐛𝐢𝐫𝐭𝐡 Classic female shape , associate with birth in the OA position
Powers
𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐲 Involuntary uterine contractions signal the beginning of labor frequency -time from the beginning of one contraction to the beginning of the next Duration-length of contraction intensity-strength of the contraction at its Effacement-the shortening and thinning of the cervix during the first stage of labor Expressed in percentages from 0%-100% ------------------ 𝐒𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐫𝐲 bearing down efforts have no effect on cervix