OB Exam #3

If an employee perceives that his/her expectancy link is broken, then he/she believes that:

Effort has no anticipated impact on performance

Ken recently graduated from college with a degree in Business Administration. Fortunately, he has received two job offers. Which of the following theories is most useful in predicting which of the two offers Ken will accept?

Expectancy theory

Equity theory is a motivation model that explains how people strive for __ in social exchanges or give-and-take relationships.

Fairness

A person's needs remain unchanged over his or her lifetime

False

According to Vroom, expectancy represents a person's belief that a particular outcome is contingent on accomplishing a specific level of performance

False

McClelland argues that individuals with high achievement motivation are best suited for top-level executive

False

Motivation is entirely driven by pay.

False

One implication of Maslow's theory is that managers can feel comfortable that once an employee has been motivated, he or she will remain motivated.

False

Process theories focus solely on identifying internal factors influencing motivation.

False

The use of monetary incentives enhances the positive effects of goal setting, especially for difficult goals.

False

Pat and Chris are both computer programmers, but Pat earns more money than Chris. However, Chris perceives an equitable relationship because Pat __.

Has more education and experience

Gordon..

His Master's degree in electrical engineering.

__ is defined as the perceived fairness of the decision maker's behavior in the process of decision making.

Interactional justice

McClelland believes that individuals with a higher __ couples with a __ are best suited for top management positions

Need for power; low need for affiliation

As a mother of two small children, Jen struggles to make ends meet on her minimum wage job. After paying rent and child-care expenses, there is sometimes not enough money left at the end of the month to pay the heating bill. More than once the family has gone without warmth on cold nights and she and the kids have gone to bed hungry. Which of the five basic needs described by Maslow is driving Jen's behavior?

Physiological

What is the bottom-to-top sequence of needs in Maslow's need hierarchy?

Physiological, safety, love, esteem, self-actualization

__ is defined as the perceived fairness of the process used to make decisions regarding the allocation of rewards and resources

Procedural justice

According to Herzberg's motivator-hygiene model, which of the following is a motivator?

Responsibility

According to Herzberg's motivator-hygiene model, which of the following is a hygiene factor?

Supervisor relationship

According to Herzberg, motivators are job characteristics associated with job satisfaction.

True

Based on the job characteristics model, the three core job dimensions of task identify, task significance, and skill variety lead to the psychological state of experiences meaningfullness,

True

Content theories of motivation focus solely on identifying internal factors influencing motivation.

True

Extrinsic rewards like pay increases and bonuses often fail to motivate because one-shot rewards have a short-lived motivational impact.

True

One advantage of job rotation is increased worker flexibility because employees are cross-trained to perform different jobs.

True

Vertical loading consists of giving workers more responsibility, usually by taking on duties normally performed by their supervisors.

True

When faced with an inequitable situation, taking a specialized training program is one way a person can increase his or her inputs

True

Based on the above, from Gordon's perspective, which of the following is an outcome of the individual-organization exchange relationship?

Two weeks paid vacation

Chuck is concerned with what he considered to be an unfair situation at work. Although he put in 10 hours of overtime last week, he received the same pay as a co-worker who didn't put in any overtime. This week he decided to take an extra hour for lunch every day. Using the terminology of equity theory, Chuck has decided to __.

decrease his inputs

According to Alderfer's ERG theory, __ needs reflect the desire to grow as a human being and to use one's abilities to their fullest potential.

growth

According to Vroom's expectancy theory, ___ represents an individual's belief that a particular outcome is contingent on accomplishing a specific level of performance.

instrumentality

According to Maslow, needs are __.

internal factors that arouse behavior

Equity theory predicts that a student will experience __ if a friend of equal scholarly ability studies the same amount for a test but receives a higher grade.

negative inequity