OB Postpartum
A postoperative cesarean section woman is to receive morphine 4 mg q 3-4 h subcutaneously for pain. The morphine is available on the unit in premeasured syringes 10 mg/1 mL. Each time the nurse administers the medication, how many milliliters (mL) of morphine will be wasted? ___________ mL
0.6 mL The formula to use is: Known dosage Desired dosage Known volume Desired volume 10mg 6mg 1 mL x mL 10 x 6 x 0.6 mL TEST-TAKING TIP: Since the medication on hand is 10 mg and the nurse is to give 4 mg, the nurse must waste 6 mg. The nurse, therefore, must determine the volume of 6 mg.
The nurse is caring for a postpartum client who experienced a second-degree per- ineal laceration at delivery 2 hours ago. Which of the following interventions should the nurse perform at this time? 1. Apply an ice pack to the perineum. 2. Advise the woman to use a sitz bath after every voiding. 3. Advise the woman to sit on a pillow. 4. Teach the woman to insert nothing into her rectum.
1. It is appropriate to apply an ice pack to the area. TEST-TAKING TIP: A second-degree laceration affects the skin, vaginal mucosa, and underlying muscles. (It does not affect the rectum or rectal sphincter.) Because of the injury, the area often swells, causing pain. Ice packs help to reduce the inflammatory response and numb the area.
The nurse in the obstetric clinic received a telephone call from a bottlefeeding mother of a 3-day-old. The client states that her breasts are firm, red, and warm to the touch. Which of the following is the best action for the nurse to advise the client to perform? 1. Intermittently apply ice packs to her axillae and breasts. 2. Apply lanolin to her breasts and nipples every 3 hours. 3. Express milk from the breasts every 3 hours. 4. Ask the primary health care provider to order a milk suppressant.
1. The client should apply ice packs to her axillae and breasts. TEST-TAKING TIP: Breast milk is produced in the glandular tissue of the breast. An adequate blood supply to the area is required for the milk production. When cold is applied to the breast, the blood vessels constrict, decreasing the blood supply to the area. This is a relatively easy, nonhazardous action that helps to suppress breast milk production.
A client who is 3 days postpartum asks the nurse, "When may my husband and I begin having sexual relations again?" The nurse should encourage the couple to wait until after which of the following has occurred? 1. The client has had her six-week postpartum check-up. 2. The episiotomy has healed and the lochia has stopped. 3. The lochia has turned to pink and the vagina is no longer tender. 4. The client has had her first postpartum menstrual period.
1. The couple is encouraged to wait until after involution is complete. TEST-TAKING TIP: There have been some cases, albeit rare, of women dying from air emboli when they had intercourse early in the puerperium. It is recommended that couples wait 6 weeks before resuming intercourse.
A 3-day postpartum client, who is not immune to rubella, is to receive the vaccine at discharge. Which of the following must the nurse include in her discharge teaching regarding the vaccine? 1. The woman should not become pregnant for at least 4 weeks. 2. The woman should pump and dump her breast milk for 1 week. 3. The mother must wear a surgical mask when she cares for the baby. 4. Passive antibodies transported across the placenta will protect the baby.
1. The rubella vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine. Severe birth defects can develop if the woman becomes pregnant within 4 weeks of receiving the injection. TEST-TAKING TIP: If rubella is contracted during pregnancy, the fetus is at very high risk for injury. Whenever gravid clients are found to be nonimmune to rubella, they are advised to receive the vaccine during the early postpartum period and are counseled regarding the teratogenic properties of the vaccine.
A breastfeeding mother states that she has sore nipples. In response to the com- plaint, the nurse assists with "latch on" and recommends that the mother do which of the following? 1. Use a nipple shield at each breastfeeding. 2. Cleanse the nipples with soap 3 times a day. 3. Rotate infant positions at each feed. 4. Bottle feed for 2 days then resume breastfeeding.
13. Rotating positions at feedings is one action that can help to minimize the severity of sore nipples. TEST-TAKING TIP: If a mother rotates positions at each breastfeeding, the baby is likely to put pressure on varying points on the nipple. A good, deep latch, however, is the most important way to prevent nipple soreness and cracking. The mother could also apply lanolin to her breasts after each feeding.
The nurse is discussing the importance of doing Kegel exercises during the post- partum period. Which of the following should be included in the teaching plan? 1. She should repeatedly contract and relax her rectal and thigh muscles. 2. She should practice by stopping the urine flow midstream every time she voids. 3. She should get on her hands and knees whenever performing the exercises. 4. She should be taught that toned pubococcygeal muscles decrease blood loss.
2. TEST-TAKING TIP: Doing Kegel exercises during the postpartum period helps clients to regain the muscle tone in the pubococcygeal muscles that may have been affected during pregnancy and labor and delivery. Clients should be advised to perform them periodically throughout the day. They can be performed in any position and in any location.
A breastfeeding client, G10P6408, delivered 10 minutes ago. Which of the follow- ing assessments is most important for the nurse to perform at this time? 1. Pulse. 2. Fundus. 3. Bladder. 4. Breast.
2. An assessment of the woman's fundus is the most important assessment to perform on this client. TEST-TAKING TIP: This client's gravidity and parity indicate that she is a grand multipara. She has been pregnant 10 times, carrying 6 babies to term and 4 babies preterm. Because her uterus has been stretched so many times, she is at high risk for uterine atony during the postpartum period. The nurse must, therefore, monitor the postpartum con- traction of her uterus very carefully.
A woman is receiving patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) post-cesarean section. Which of the following must be included in the patient teaching? 1. The client should monitor how often she presses the button. 2. The client should report any feelings of nausea or itching to the nurse. 3. The family should press the button whenever they feel the woman is in pain. 4. The family should inform the nurse if the client becomes sleepy.
2. Clients often experience nausea and/or itching when PCA narcotics are administered. TEST-TAKING TIP: It is important for the nurse to teach a client's family members not to touch the PCA pump. Even though the pump is programmed with a minimum time between medication at- tempts, there is a possibility that the client could receive an overdose of medication if someone else controls the administrations. If a client is able to push the button herself she is, by definition, awake and alert.
A breastfeeding woman has been counseled on how to prevent engorgement. Which of the following actions by the mother shows that the teaching was effective? 1. She pumps her breasts after each feeding. 2. She feeds her baby every 2 to 3 hours. 3. She feeds her baby 10 minutes on each side. 4. She supplements each feeding with formula.
2. The best way to prevent engorgement is to feed the baby every 2 to 3 hours. TEST-TAKING TIP: This question is similar to the preceding question except that this question tests the nurse's ability to evaluate a client's response rather than to perform a nursing action.
A woman, 24 hours postpartum, is complaining of profuse diaphoresis. She has no other complaints. Which of the following actions by the nurse is appropriate? 1. Take the woman's temperature. 2. Advise the woman to decrease her fluid intake. 3. Reassure the woman that this is normal. 4. Inform the neonate's pediatrician.
3. Diaphoresis is normal during the postpartum period. TEST-TAKING TIP: Because the client's blood volume is returning to its non-pregnant level, the client loses fluids via both the kidney and through insensible loss. As a result, postpartum women often awake from sleep with their nightwear saturated with perspiration.
The nurse monitors his or her postpartum clients carefully because which of the following physiological changes occurs during the early postpartum period? 1. Decreased urinary output. 2. Increased blood pressure. 3. Decreased blood volume. 4. Increased estrogen level.
3. The blood volume does drop precipitously during the early postpartum period. TEST-TAKING TIP: During pregnancy, the blood volume increased by almost 50%. Once the placenta is delivered, the client no longer needs the added blood volume. Immediately after delivery, therefore, the woman experiences marked diuresis and diaphoresis as the blood volume drops.
The nurse is caring for a breastfeeding mother who asks advice on foods that will provide both vitamin A and iron. Which of the following should the nurse recommend? 1. 1⁄2 cup raw celery dipped in 1 ounce cream cheese. 2. 8 ounce yogurt mixed with 1 medium banana. 3. 12 ounce strawberry milk shake. 4. 11⁄2 cup raw broccoli.
4. Broccoli is very high in vitamin A and also contains iron. TEST-TAKING TIP: Breastfeeding clients should be advised to consume a well-balanced diet high in vitamins and minerals. As a result, nurses must be prepared to suggest foods that meet those needs.
The nurse is assessing the midline episiotomy on a postpartum client. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect to see? 1. Moderate serosanguinous drainage. 2. Well-approximated edges. 3. Ecchymotic area distal to the episiotomy. 4. An area of redness adjacent to the incision.
2. The nurse would expect to see well- approximated edges. TEST-TAKING TIP: The best tool to use when assessing any incision is the REEDA scale. The nurse assesses for: R—redness, E—edema, E—ecchymosis ,D—drainage, and A—poor approximation. If there is evidence of any of the findings, they should be documented and monitored and reported, if significant.
A client, G1P1, who had an epidural, has just delivered a daughter, Apgar 9/9, over a mediolateral episiotomy. The physician used low forceps. While recovering, the client states, "I'm a failure. I couldn't stand the pain and couldn't even push my baby out by myself!" Which of the following is the best response for the nurse to make? 1. "You'll feel better later after you have had a chance to rest and to eat." 2. "Don't say that. There are many women who would be ecstatic to have that baby." 3. "I am sure that you will have another baby. I bet that it will be a natural delivery." 4. "To have things work out differently than you had planned is disappointing."
4. This response shows that the nurse has an understanding of the client's feelings. TEST-TAKING TIP: When clients express their feelings, nurses must provide acceptance and implicit approval in order to encourage the clients to continue to express those feelings. Comments like, "Don't say that. There are many women who would be ecstatic to have that baby," close down conversation and communicate disapproval.
A 3-day-postpartum breastfeeding woman is being assessed. Her breasts are firm and warm to the touch. When asked when she last fed the baby her reply is, "I fed the baby last evening. I let the nurses feed him in the nursery last night. I needed to rest." Which of the following actions should the nurse take at this time? 1. Encourage the woman exclusively to breastfeed her baby. 2. Have the woman massage her breasts hourly. 3. Obtain an order to culture her expressed breast milk. 4. Take the temperature and pulse rate of the woman.
1. Clients should be strongly encouraged exclusively to breastfeed their babies to prevent engorgement. TEST-TAKING TIP: The lactating breast produces milk in response to being stimulated. When a feeding is skipped, milk is still produced for the baby. When the baby is not fed, breast congestion or engorgement results. Engorgement is not only uncomfortable, but it also gives the body the message to stop producing milk, resulting in an insufficient milk supply.
To prevent infection, the nurse teaches the postpartum client to perform which of the following tasks? 1. Apply antibiotic ointment to the perineum daily. 2. Change the peripad at each voiding. 3. Void at least every two hours. 4. Spray the perineum with a povidone-iodine solution after toileting.
2. Clients should be advised to change their pads at each voiding. TEST-TAKING TIP: Postpartum women should be advised to perform three actions to prevent infections: (1) change their peripads at each toileting because blood is an excellent medium for bacterial growth; (2) spray the perineum, from front to back, with clear water to cleanse the area; and (3) wipe the perineum after toileting from front to back to prevent the rectal flora from contaminating sterile sites.
During a home visit, the nurse assesses a client 2 weeks after delivery. Which of the following signs/symptoms should the nurse expect to see? 1. Diaphoresis. 2. Lochia alba. 3. Cracked nipples. 4. Hypertension.
2. The nurse would expect that the client would have lochia alba. TEST-TAKING TIP: The normal progression of lochial change is as follows: lochia rubra, days 1 to 3; lochia serosa, days 3 to 10; and lochia alba, days 10 until dis- charge stops. There is some variation in the exact timing of the lochial change, but it is important for the client to know that the lochia should not revert back- wards. In other words, if a client whose lochia is alba again begins to have bright red discharge, she should notify her health care practitioner.
A G2P2002, who is postpartum 6 hours from a spontaneous vaginal delivery, is as- sessed. The nurse notes that the fundus is firm at the umbilicus, there is heavy lochia, and perineal sutures are intact. Which of the following actions should the nurse take at this time? 1. Do nothing. This is a normal finding. 2. Massage the woman's fundus. 3. Take the woman to the bathroom to void. 4. Notify the woman's primary health care provider.
4. Because of the heavy lochia, the nurse should notify the woman's health care provider. TEST-TAKING TIP: The nurse must do some detective work when observing unexpected signs/symptoms. This client is bleeding more heavily than the nurse would expect. When the nurse assesses the two most likely sources of the bleeding— the fundus and the perineal sutures— normal findings are noted. The next most likely source of the bleeding —a laceration in the birth canal—is unobservable to the nurse because performing a postpartum internal examination is not a nursing function. The nurse, therefore, must notify the health care practitioner of the problem.
A client, 2 days postoperative from a cesarean section, complains to the nurse that she has yet to have a bowel movement since the surgery. Which of the following responses by the nurse would be appropriate at this time? 1. "That is very concerning. I will request that your physician order an enema for you." 2. "Two days is not that bad. Some patients go four days or longer without a movement." 3. "You have been taking antibiotics through your intravenous. That is probably why you are constipated." 4. "Fluids and exercise often help to combat constipation. Take a stroll around the unit and drink lots of fluid."
4. Consuming fluids and fiber and exer- cising all help clients to reestablish normal bowel function. TEST-TAKING TIP: This client is 2 days postoperative. She may not be consuming a normal diet as yet, but she will be able to ambulate and to drink fluids. And once she is able to consume foods, she should be encouraged to eat nutritious, high-fiber foods like fresh fruits and vegetables.
A patient, G2P1102, who delivered her baby 8 hours ago, now has a temperature of 100.2oF. Which of the following is the appropriate nursing intervention at this time? 1. Notify the doctor to get an order for acetaminophen. 2. Request an infectious disease consult from the doctor. 3. Provide the woman with cool compresses. 4. Encourage intake of water and other fluids.
4. It is likely that this client is dehydrated. She should be advised to drink fluids. TEST-TAKING TIP: In the early postpartum period, up to 24 hours after delivery, the most common reason for clients to have slight temperature elevations is dehydration. During labor, clients work very hard, often utilizing breathing techniques as a form of pain control. As a result, the clients lose fluids through insensible loss via the respiratory system.
The nurse is evaluating the involution of a woman who is 3 days postpartum. Which of the following findings would the nurse evaluate as normal? 1. Fundus 1 cm above the umbilicus, lochia rosa. 2. Fundus 2 cm above the umbilicus, lochia alba. 3. Fundus 2 cm below the umbilicus, lochia rubra. 4. Fundus 3 cm below the umbilicus, lochia serosa.
4. The fundus is usually 3 cm below the umbilicus on day 3 and the lochia usually has turned to serosa by day 3. TEST-TAKING TIP: Although each client's postpartum course is slightly different, on day 3 postpartum, the nurse would expect the fundus of most clients to be 3 cm below the umbilicus and the lochia to have become serosa.
A nurse is assessing a 1-day postpartum woman who had her baby by cesarean section. Which of the following should the nurse report to the surgeon? 1. Fundus at the umbilicus. 2. Nodular breasts. 3. Pulse rate 60 bpm. 4. Pad saturation every 30 minutes.
4. This blood loss is excessive, especially for a postoperative cesarean section client. The surgeon should be notified. TEST-TAKING TIP: Because the placenta is manually removed and the uterine cavity is manually scraped during cesarean deliveries, it is common for postoperative clients to have a scanty lochial flow. This client is having a heavy loss. After the fundal assessment is complete, the observations should be reported to the surgeon.
The obstetrician has ordered that a post-op cesarean section client's patient- controlled analgesia (PCA) be discontinued. Which of the following actions by the nurse is appropriate? 1. Discard the remaining medication in the presence of another nurse. 2. Recommend waiting until her pain level is zero to discontinue the medicine. 3. Discontinue the medication only after the analgesia is completely absorbed. 4. Return the unused portion of medication to the narcotics cabinet.
1, Because the medication in a PCA pump is con- trolled by law, the medication must be wasted in the presence of another nurse. TEST-TAKING TIP: There are a number of considerations that the nurse must make when giving medications, especially when administering controlled substances. The nurse is legally bound to account for the administration of or the disposal of narcotic medications. If any narcotic is wasted, a second nurse must cosign the disposal.
A client is receiving an epidural infusion of a narcotic for pain relief after a cesarean section. The nurse would report to the anesthesiologist if which of the following were assessed? 1. Respiratory rate 8 rpm. 2. Complaint of thirst. 3. Urinary output of 250 cc/hr. 4. Numbness of feet and ankles.
1. This client's respiratory rate is below normal. TEST-TAKING TIP: One of the serious complications of narcotic administration is respiratory depression. This client's respiratory rate is well below expected. The nurse should continue to monitor the client carefully and notify the anesthesiologist of the complication.
The nurse is developing a standard care plan for postpartum clients who have had midline episiotomies. Which of the following interventions should be included in the plan? 1. Assist with stitch removal on third postpartum day. 2. Administer analgesics every four hours per doctor orders. 3. Teach client to contract her buttocks before sitting. 4. Irrigate incision twice daily with antibiotic solution.
3. When clients contract their buttocks before sitting, they usually feel less pain than when they sit directly on the suture line. TEST-TAKING TIP: Clients who have had episiotomies often avoid sitting normally. Nurses should encourage them to take medications as needed, to contract their buttocks before sitting, and to sit normally rather than trying to favor one buttock over the other. Mediolateral incisions do tend to be more painful than midline incisions.
A 3-day-postpartum client questions why she is to receive the rubella vaccine before leaving the hospital. Which of the following rationales should guide the nurse's response? 1. The client's obstetric status is optimal for receiving the vaccine. 2. The client's immune system is highly responsive during the postpartum period. 3. The client's baby will be high risk for acquiring rubella if the woman does not receive the vaccine. 4. The client's insurance company will pay for the shot if it is given during the immediate postpartum period.
1. Because the vaccine is teratogenic, the best time to administer it is when the client is not pregnant. TEST-TAKING TIP: The correct answer did not explicitly state that the vaccine is administered during the immediate postpartum period because the woman is not pregnant and is unlikely to become pregnant within the next 4 weeks. But the test taker must know that a woman's obstetric status immediately after delivery is optimal for receiving the medication precisely because she is not pregnant and very unlikely to become pregnant.
A breastfeeding woman, 11⁄2 months postdelivery, calls the nurse in the obstetri- cian's office and states, "I am very embarrassed but I need help. Last night I had an orgasm when my husband and I were making love. You should have seen the milk. We were both soaking wet. What is wrong with me?" The nurse should base the response to the client on which of the following? 1. The woman is exhibiting signs of pathological galactorrhea. 2. The same hormone stimulates orgasms and the milk ejection reflex. 3. The woman should have a serum galactosemia assessment done. 4. The baby is stimulating the woman to produce too much milk.
2. Oxytocin stimulates sexual orgasms and is also the hormone that stimulates the milk ejection reflex. TEST-TAKING TIP: It is important for the nurse in the obstetrician's office to warn breastfeeding clients of this situation. Because clients are strongly encouraged to refrain from having intercourse until they are 6 weeks postpartum, the postpartum nurse may not include this information in the client's discharge instructions. When the client is seen for her postpartum check, however, the information should be included.
A client informs the nurse that she intends to bottlefeed her baby. Which of the following actions should the nurse encourage the client to perform? 1. Increase her fluid intake for a few days. 2. Massage her breasts every 4 hours. 3. Apply heat packs to her axillae. 4. Wear a supportive bra 24 hours a day.
4. The mother should be advised to wear a supportive bra 24 hours a day for a week or so. TEST-TAKING TIP: The postpartum body naturally prepares to breastfeed a baby. In order to suppress the milk production, the mother should refrain from stimulating her breasts. Both massage and heat stimulate the breasts to produce milk. Mothers, therefore, should be encouraged to refrain from touching their breasts and, when showering, to direct the warm water toward their backs rather than toward their breasts. A supportive bra will help to minimize any engorgement the client may experience.
A post-cesarean section, breastfeeding client, whose subjective pain level is 2/5, requests her as needed (prn) narcotic analgesics every 3 hours. She states, "I have decided to make sure that I feel as little pain from this experience as possible." Which of the following should the nurse conclude in relation to this woman's behavior? 1. The woman needs a stronger narcotic order. 2. The woman is high risk for severe constipation. 3. The woman's breast milk volume may drop while taking the medicine. 4. The woman's newborn may become addicted to the medication.
2. One of the common side effects of narcotics is constipation. TEST-TAKING TIP: Because clients who take narcotics are high risk for constipation, the nurse should inform clients of the potential and advise them to take necessary precautions. For example, the clients should be advised to drink fluids, eat high-fiber foods, and ambulate regularly.
Which of the following laboratory values would the nurse expect to see in a normal postpartum woman? 1. Hematocrit 39%. 2. White blood cell count 16,000 cells/mm3. 3. Red blood cell count 5 million cells/mm3. 4. Hemoglobin 15 grams/dL.
2. The nurse would expect to see an elevated white cell count. TEST-TAKING TIP: If the test taker is familiar with normal lab values, he or she could easily deduce the answer to this question by comparing the values. Three of the values—hematocrit, hemoglobin, and red blood cell count—relate to the oxygen-carrying properties of the blood, and all of these values are on the upper end of normal. Only one answer, white blood cell count, is different from the others. The white cell count elevates late in the third trimester and stays elevated during labor and the early postpartum period in order to protect the mother from infection during the delivery and puerperium.
The nurse is caring for a client who had a cesarean section under spinal anesthesia less than 2 hours ago. Which of the following nursing actions is appropriate at this time? 1. Elevate the head of the bed 60 degrees. 2. Report absence of bowel sounds to the physician. 3. Have her turn and deep breathe every 2 hours. 4. Assess for patellar hyperreflexia bilaterally.
2. The woman should turn, cough, and deep breathe every 2 hours. TEST-TAKING TIP: Spinal anesthesia is ad- ministered directly into the spinal column. As a result, spinal fluid is able to escape through the puncture wound. When there is a drop in the amount of spinal fluid, clients often develop severe headaches. It is recommended that clients who have had spinals be elevated only slightly during the early postopertive period. To maintain pulmonary health, however, it is essential that clients perform respiratory exercises frequently during the postoperative period.
Which of the following statements is true about breastfeeding mothers as compared to bottlefeeding mothers? 1. Breastfeeding mothers usually involute completely by 3 weeks postpartum. 2. Breastfeeding mothers have decreased incidence of diabetes mellitus later in life. 3. Breastfeeding mothers show higher levels of bone density after menopause. 4. Breastfeeding mothers are prone to fewer bouts of infection immediately postpartum.
2. There is evidence to show that women who breastfeed their babies are less likely to develop type 2 diabetes later in life. TEST-TAKING TIP: Breastfeeding has many beneficial properties for both mothers and babies. It is a nursing responsibility to provide couples with the knowledge so that they can make fact-based decisions about how they will feed their babies.
The nurse is caring for a client who had an emergency cesarean section, with her husband in attendance the day before. The baby's Apgar was 9/9. The woman and her partner had attended childbirth education classes and had anticipated having a water birth with family present. Which of the following comments by the nurse is appropriate? 1. "Sometimes babies just don't deliver the way we expect them to." 2. "With all of your preparations, it must have been disappointing for you to have had a cesarean." 3. "I know you had to have surgery, but you are very lucky that your baby wasvborn healthy." 4. "At least your husband was able to be with you when the baby was born."
2. This comment conveys sensitivity and understanding to the client. TEST-TAKING TIP: Clients who must have cesarean sections when they had developed birth plans for vaginal deliveries are often very disappointed. They may express regret and/or anger over the experience. The nurse must realize that such clients are not angry with the nurse, but rather at the situation. It is essential for the nurse to accept the clients' feelings with understanding and caring.
The day after delivery a woman, whose fundus is firm at 1 cm below the umbilicus and who has moderate lochia, tells the nurse that something must be wrong, "All I do is go to the bathroom." Which of the following is an appropriate nursing response? 1. Catheterize the client per doctor's orders. 2. Measure the client's next voiding. 3. Inform the client that polyuria is normal. 4. Check the specific gravity of the next voiding.
3. Polyuria is normal. TEST-TAKING TIP: This client's physical assessment is normal. If the client's blad-der were distended, the client's fundus would be elevated in the abdomen and the client would have excess blood loss. It is unnecessary, therefore, either to catheterize the woman or to measure her output. Polyuria is normal because the client no longer needs the large blood volume she produced during her pregnancy.
A breastfeeding client, 7 weeks postpartum, complains to an obstetrician's triage nurse that when she and her husband had intercourse for the first time after the delivery, "I couldn't stand it. It was so painful. The doctor must have done some- thing terrible to my vagina." Which of the following responses by the nurse is appropriate? 1. "After a delivery the vagina is always very tender. It should feel better the next time you have intercourse." 2. "Does your baby have thrush? If so, I bet you have a yeast infection in your vagina." 3. "Women who breastfeed often have vaginal dryness. A vaginal lubricant may remedy your discomfort." 4. "Sometimes the stitches of episiotomies heal too tight. Why don't you come in for an assessment?"
3. The woman should be encouraged to use a lubricating jelly or oil. TEST-TAKING TIP: When women breastfeed, their estrogen levels remain low. As a result, they often complain of vaginal dryness and dyspareunia. The woman should be advised to try an over-the-counter lubricant. If that is not helpful, the woman may be prescribed an estrogen-based vaginal cream by her health care practitioner.
A 2-day-postpartum breastfeeding woman states, "I am sick of being fat. When can I go on a diet?" Which of the following responses is appropriate? 1. "It is fine for you to start dieting right now as long as you drink plenty of milk." 2. "Your breast milk will be low in vitamins if you start to diet while breastfeeding." 3. "You must eat at least 3000 calories per day in order to produce enough milk for your baby." 4. "Many mothers lose weight when they breastfeed because the baby consumes about 600 calories a day."
4. Many mothers who consume approximately the same number of calories while breastfeeding as they did when they were pregnant do lose weight while breastfeeding. TEST-TAKING TIP: Mothers should be advised to eat a well-balanced diet and drink sufficient quantities of fluids while breastfeeding. There is no absolute number of calories that the mother should consume, but if she does go on a restrictive diet, it is likely that her milk supply may dwindle. Babies do take in about 600 calories a day at the breast so mothers can be advised that breastfeed- ing alone is a form of dieting.
A multigravid, postpartum woman reports severe abdominal cramping whenever she nurses her infant. Which of the following responses by the nurse is appropriate? 1. Suggest that the woman bottlefeed for a few days. 2. Instruct the patient on how to massage her fundus. 3. Instruct the patient to feed using an alternate position. 4. Discuss the action of breastfeeding hormones.
4. The nurse should discuss the action of oxytocin. TEST-TAKING TIP: Oxytocin, the hormone of labor, also stimulates the uterus to contract in the postpartum period in order to reduce blood loss at the placental site. And oxytocin is the same hormone that regulates the milk ejection reflex. Whenever a mother breastfeeds, therefore, oxytocin stimulates her uterus to contract. In essence, therefore, breastfeeding naturally benefits the mother by contracting the uterus and preventing excessive bleeding.
A woman had a cesarean section yesterday. She states that she needs to cough but that she is afraid to. Which of the following is the nurse's best response? 1. "I know that it hurts but it is very important for you to cough." 2. "Let me check your lung fields to see if coughing is really necessary." 3. "If you take a few deep breaths in, that should be as good as coughing." 4. "If you support your incision with a pillow, coughing should hurt less."
4.The nurse is providing the client with a means of reducing the discomfort of postsurgical coughing. TEST-TAKING TIP: Clients with abdominal incisions experience significant postoper- ative pain. And because their abdominal muscles have been incised, the pain is in- creased when the clients breathe in and cough. Bracing the abdominal muscles with a pillow or a blanket helps to reduce the discomfort.