OBM exam 2
Meaning: - convergers - accommodators - assimilators - divergers
Kolb's four learning styles are Diverging (feeling and watching), Assimilating (watching and thinking), Converging (doing and thinking), and Accommodating (doing and feeling).
Marta is a civil engineer working on a water development project. Based on the concept of power distance, where is she most likely to live if she is inclined to make independent decisions in order to finish a project successfully? a. Israel b. Venezuela c. Mexico d. United States
a. Israel
Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in forming equity perceptions? a. Satisfy physiological needs before growth needs. b. Compare one's own circumstances with those of a comparison-other. c. Form a perception of how a comparison-other is being treated. d. Evaluate how one is being treated by an organization.
a. Satisfy physiological needs before growth needs.
Which of the following is a limitation of using Kolb's Learning Styles Inventory as a way to categorize people's behaviors and preferences in the workplace. a. The scientific studies have low reliability. b. The studies focused only on older adults. c. The approach is limited to only considering four basic learning styles. d. People are complex and shouldn't be labeled.
a. The scientific studies have low reliability.
When might a company best choose to use an extended work schedule? a. There's a high cost of transitioning between employees. b. It allows for a larger and more diversified workforce. c. The employees are strongly committed to the firm. d. The employees need the time to master difficult tasks.
a. There's a high cost of transitioning between employees.
Which of the following is a characteristic of individuals who have a high need for achievement, according to the acquired needs framework? a. They want immediate, specific feedback on their performance. b. They are able to work hard and then set work aside to play hard. c. They set overly challenging goals and like to take on high risk levels. d. They are able to delegate in order to make the best use of their own time.
a. They want immediate, specific feedback on their performance.
Which of the following skill descriptions would be more important for hiring in the service sector compared to the manufacturing sector? a. ability to effectively interface with varied customers b. ability to set standards for productivity and quality c. ability to decide how to purchase raw materials d. ability to determine the best location and price for facilities
a. ability to effectively interface with varied customers
In the Myers-Briggs framework, Elena is ISFJ. What would be the best job fit for her? a. accountant b. artist/designer c. dispute resolution d. sales/marketing
a. accountant
Which approach to performance management identifies financial and nonfinancial performance measures and organizes them into a single model? a. balanced scorecard b. the human relations approach c. the two-factor theory d. 360-degree feedback
a. balanced scorecard
Which of the following is NOT a condition of job performance? a. being able to provide self-direction b. having the materials and information to do the job c. being able to do the job d. wanting to do the job
a. being able to provide self-direction
Rosa needs to hire a team to develop an online learning platform. She believes the best learning style for this task will be strong technical skills but not necessarily interpersonal skills. What type of people should Rosa hire? a. convergers b. accommodators c. assimilators d. divergers
a. convergers
Given current demographic trends, which of the following is NOT a strategy companies would use to gain a competitive advantage through promoting diversity? a. encourage older workers to retire b. put women in top management c. create heterogeneous teams d. utilize reverse mentoring
a. encourage older workers to retire
Your employee, Steve, has a habit of telling jokes that are sometimes funny but too often inappropriate for the workplace. If you want Steve to stop telling these jokes, what kind of response would be your best choice? a. extinction b. punishment c. positive reinforcement d. negative reinforcement
a. extinction
Which of the following is an early perspective on motivation that suggested fostering a false sense of employees' inclusion in decision making would boost job performance? a. human relations approach b. scientific management c. Frederick Taylor's approach d. human resource approach
a. human relations approach
According to Victor Vroom, the belief that performance will result in obtaining a particular reward is known as __________. a. instrumentality b. outcome c. valence d. expectancy
a. instrumentality
Laila's small company refashions discarded dolls and other toys into utensils and decorative items. Which of the following is the most apt label for her organization? a. manufacturer b. cost leader c. technology leader d. service organization
a. manufacturer
What makes job specialization difficult to implement, even though it seems as if it would be highly effective? a. monotony associated with each task b. high level of expertise required to fulfill each task c. high cost of dividing labor among tasks d. increased demands placed on each worker
a. monotony associated with each task
What is a negative effect of workplace bullying? a. more stress-related health problems for employees b. lower absenteeism due to fear of missing work c. more victims becoming bullies themselves d. decreased Machiavellianism at work
a. more stress-related health problems for employees
Arthur appears to be poised, calm, resilient, and secure. He displays low __________. a. neuroticism b. conscientiousness c. extraversion d. openness
a. neuroticism
Which dimension of task-specific self-efficacy refers to beliefs about how confident the person is that the task can be accomplished? a. strength b. magnitude c. generality d. performance
a. strength
Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic reasons for the rise in the volume of international business? a. the ease with which companies can obtain financing b. a need to control labor costs by moving operations overseas c. advances in communication and transportation technologies d. a desire to keep pace with competitors gaining market share
a. the ease with which companies can obtain financing
Assume a team is comprised of a marketing professional, a materials specialist, a manufacturing floor manager, a product safety advisor, an advertising department head, and a legal expert. What type of diversity is represented by this group? a. variety diversity b. separation diversity c. generational diversity d. disparity diversity
a. variety diversity
What is the central feature of a 360-degree feedback system? a. wide-ranging feedback, as well as subjective measures of performance b. objective and easily measurable performance standards c. a one-on-one meeting between the employee and the supervisor d. both constructive feedback and destructive criticism
a. wide-ranging feedback, as well as subjective measures of performance
Robert owns a manufacturing business and tends to hire young men because he believes they're better able to manage the equipment and tend to understand the technology better. How is his attitude a barrier to inclusion? a. It reflects his ethnocentrism. b. It represents a stereotyped belief. c. It shows he has a "like me" bias. d. It reveals a perceived threat of loss.
b. It represents a stereotyped belief.
Charles Schwab believes that client relations are a key to its success. If Kim, one of their investment specialists, doesn't believe that her psychological contract with Schwab is equitable, what might be the results? a. Kim might work harder to get noticed. b. Kim might ask for a pay raise. c. Kim might hire a lawyer to make revisions to her psychological contract. d. Kim might be promoted by the firm.
b. Kim might ask for a pay raise.
Why does the work teams approach tend to be more effective in countries such as Japan and Sweden? a. They are more effective at empowerment. b. Their work and rewards are team centered. c. They offer an extended work schedule. d. They emphasize individual responsibility.
b. Their work and rewards are team centered.
Title VII prohibits employee discrimination based on a variety of characteristics. Which of the following is NOT one of them? a. religion b. age c. national origin d. race
b. age
Which term describes a business that is living and working together for the common good and valuing human dignity? a. global perspective b. corporate social responsibility c. long-term values d. collectivism
b. corporate social responsibility
What is the second step in the performance appraisal process? a. compensation b. documentation c. evaluation d. communication
b. documentation
Which of the following was a primary cause of the decline of the manufacturing sector in the United States during the 1970s? a. decline in the service sector b. foreign competition c. insufficient talent d. resource exhaustion
b. foreign competition
Strong job satisfaction, greater task motivation, and better social integration at work all tend to be traits associated with __________. a. extraversion b. internal locus of control c. external locus of control d. introversion
b. internal locus of control
Which of the following traits is NOT considered a positive in organizational settings? a. high agreeableness b. more neurotic c. high conscientiousness d. extraversion
b. more neurotic
What term refers to the match between an individual and her supervisor and coworkers? a. person-job fit b. person-group fit c. person-organization fit d. person-vocation fit
b. person-group fit
Which of the following are "growth needs" in Maslow's hierarchy of needs? a. physiological and security b. self-actualization and esteem c. security and belonging d. esteem and security
b. self-actualization and esteem
Which term refers to similarities and differences among people, including those such as race, age, ethnicity, physical abilities and characteristics, and gender? a. variety diversity b. surface-level diversity c. separation diversity d. deep-level diversity
b. surface-level diversity
Herzberg's two-factor theory identifies motivating factors for business organizations. Which of the following is a hygiene factor that management could control so that employees aren't dissatisfied with their jobs? a. advancement b. working conditions c. recognition d. responsibility
b. working conditions
You manage a work group of ten secretaries who take turns answering phones, sorting mail, and typing and filing correspondence. Using the job characteristics theory, how can you assure that this team is happy and productive? a. Promote the best workers into lower-level management positions. b. Break the job down into small component tasks and standardize them. c. Give them autonomy in deciding how to organize the workload. d. Provide bonuses for low absenteeism and for staying with the company.
c. Give them autonomy in deciding how to organize the workload.
Which of the following allows monetary damages in cases of intentional employment discrimination? a. The Title IX Act of 1972 b. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 c. The Civil Rights Act of 1991 d. Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968
c. The Civil Rights Act of 1991
What is a reason why management by objectives (MBO) efforts can sometimes fail? a. MBO allows individual goals to determine policy. b. MBO stimulates organization-wide communication. c. Top management's goals aren't represented. d. The firm tries too hard to clarify rewards.
c. Top management's goals aren't represented.
The knowledge workers you've hired over the past three to five years have added value to your company because of what they know. However, they present special challenges. Which of the following statements is true for you as an employer? a. You can count on these workers to have enough pride in their output that they will seek their own continuing education to stay current in their field. b. You must create a structured chain of command for these staff members so that they can feel comfortable about reporting relationships. c. You need to allow these staff members to work autonomously and recognize that they measure their performance in comparison to others in their profession. d. Even without investing in updating their skills, it will take about three years to gain any competitive advantage from hiring these people.
c. You need to allow these staff members to work autonomously and recognize that they measure their performance in comparison to others in their profession.
Albert works as a salesperson making $18 an hour plus 5% of every sale he makes. He receives two weeks of paid vacation a year, as well as 50% matching in a 401K retirement fund. In this scenario, $18 an hour represents Albert's __________. a. compensation package b. commissions c. base pay d. perquisites
c. base pay
People who are superior in generating alternative hypotheses and ideas and who tend to be imaginative and people- or feeling-oriented are known as __________. a. accommodators b. convergers c. divergers d. assimilators
c. divergers
David is self-aware, manages his emotions, expresses empathy for others, and possesses social skills. He has high __________. a. self-efficacy b. internal locus of control c. emotional intelligence d. general mental ability
c. emotional intelligence
According to equity theory, a person who feels equitably treated is motivated to ________. a. change the way things are b. devote less effort to work c. keep things as they are d. look harder for signs of inequity
c. keep things as they are
Which of the following is a goal of a realistic job preview? a. describing the job opportunity in the most positive light b. presenting only negative information to the candidate c. presenting both positive and negative information to the candidate d. selling a candidate on the job and the company
c. presenting both positive and negative information to the candidate
Which of the following is NOT a method companies use to improve job design? a. giving employees more control over tasks b. introducing a wider variety of tasks c. raising pay for most standardized jobs d. shifting employees from one job to another
c. raising pay for most standardized jobs
Jamal just began a new job. At first, he is highly formal and addresses people as Mr. or Ms. However, his coworkers don't react warmly to this approach. Therefore, Jamal changes to a more informal style based on the consequences of his actions and discovers that people seem friendlier and more relaxed around him. In learning theory, the coworkers' actions would be known as __________. a. linkage b. response c. reinforcement d. social learning
c. reinforcement
In collectivist cultures, which of the following factors typically takes precedence over specific tasks or responsibilities? a. low power distance b. uncertainty avoidance c. relationships d. masculinity
c. relationships
Brett and Lina work in different departments, but both receive 3% raises. Most of Brett's coworkers receive a 5% raise. Most of Lina's coworkers receive a 1% raise. Brett is unhappy with his raise, but Lina is happy with hers. Brett and Lina have different reactions to their raises because their raises have different _________. a. financial implications b. objective worth c. symbolic value d. surface value
c. symbolic value
Which of the following traits is characteristic of people with a high degree of Machiavellianism? a. emphasis on loyalty and friendship b. acceptance of social influence c. tendency to bully others d. orientation toward irrational thought
c. tendency to bully others
Which term refers to a group of employees who have a contractual arrangement with an organization that is different from that of another group, despite doing virtually identical work? a. outsourced workers b. knowledge workers c. tiered workers d. contingent workers
c. tiered workers
Derek serves on the board of directors for a furniture company. He is also the CEO of a timber company attempting to secure a contract with the furniture company. What situation does this example represent? a. expedited payments b. environmental sustainability c. corporate social responsibility d. conflict of interest
d. conflict of interest
The extent to which goals are challenging, attainable, and require effort is known as goal ___________. a. acceptance b. specificity c. commitment d. difficulty
d. difficulty
What term refers to the degree to which employees have the authority to set their own work goals, make decisions, and solve problems? a. expectancy b. participation c. collaboration d. empowerment
d. empowerment
Pensions are an example of __________. a. a profit-sharing plan b. an award c. perquisites d. indirect compensation
d. indirect compensation
The manner in which individuals organize facts and data during learning is known as __________. a. emotional intelligence b. general mental ability c. sensory modalities d. information processing capacity
d. information processing capacity
According to the cognitive view, which of the following is NOT a behavior a person would adopt in order to become a conscious, active participant in their own learning? a. let future choices be based on prior learning and consequences b. use past learning as a way to decide their present behavior c. make choices about behavior based on assessing alternatives d. look at consequences and ignore them if necessary to be happy
d. look at consequences and ignore them if necessary to be happy
Dan works as a receptionist. He's happy with his salary, he gets along well with his coworkers and his boss, he feels no stress, and he assumes he can get all of his tasks done proficiently. However, he feels unfulfilled and hopes to get a different job soon. Which of the following does Dan lack? a. person-organization fit b. person-job fit c. person-group fit d. person-vocation fit
d. person-vocation fit
What type of policy explains what data the company will collect about its customers, how that data will be used, and how customers can opt out of having their information collected and/or shared? a. ethics b. confidentiality c. corporate social responsibility d. privacy
d. privacy
What term refers to any system that interacts with the environment through one of the basic senses? a. learning styles b. information processor c. sensory perception d. sensory modality
d. sensory modality
According to goal-setting theory, which of the following strategies is NOT likely to result in improved performance? a. holding employees accountable for goals they were involved in setting b. establishing goals that will encourage worker acceptance c. setting goals that are challenging and require effort d. setting unspecified goals so that workers can establish their own measures
d. setting unspecified goals so that workers can establish their own measures