Observation and Assessment II

T/F: Assistive technology services are no longer required to be provided to students with disabilities according to IDEA.

False- Assistive technology services are to be provided to students, if needed, in order to ensure that they receive a free and appropriate education; however, the specific need must be documented in the IEP. ​

T/F: Criterion referenced tests compare performance; whereas, norm- referenced tests describe performance.

False- Criterion tests describe; whereas, norm-referenced tests compare.​

T/F: Due process must be determined before the assessment process begins.

False- Due process can be initiated at any time during the special education process.

T/F: Local education agencies (LEAs) rely on informal assessment measures for No Child Left Behind (NCLB) accountability reporting.

False- LEAs rely on standardized testing for NCLB reporting.

T/F: Parent consent is required for all group testing; however, not for individual testing.

False- Parent consent is required for individual not for group testing.

T/F: According to IDEA-04, parents/guardians are no longer required to participate in the development of their child's evaluation plan.

False- Parents are required to be involved in the development of evaluation plan.

T/F: Parents/guardians may be invited but are not required to participate in the evaluation, classification, and placement decision process.

False- Parents are required to participate in the referral, classification, and placement process beginning with the development of the evaluation plan.

T/F: A percentile of 100 indicates average performance.

False- Percentiles are expressed in numbers ranging from a low of 1 to a high of 100, so 50% is considered to be an average performance.

T/F: Progress monitoring is used solely to monitor the progress of students who are not classified.

False- Progress monitoring can provides information for all students, It can also be used to monitor students' progress towards meeting their IEP goals.

T/F: When writing a report for required record keeping it is important to write using technical terms, although these terms may seem to be educational jargon to parents, they are professional words and parents are not usually concerned about the specific details of the test results.

False- Reports should be written in common language, rather than jargon.

T/F: ​IDEA specified that school districts may use up to 35% of their special education funds to support Early Intervening Services (EIS).

False- School districts may use up to 15% of their special education funds.

T/F: Due process can only be initiated by the student's parent or guardian.

False- Schools may also initiate due process.

T/F: Accommodations provided under Section 504 during the school day do not extend to extracurricular or non-academic activities.

False- Section 504 protections extend to extracurricular and nonacademic activities.

T/F: A stanine of 9 indicates poor performance.

False- Stanines range from 1 to 9; therefore, 9 indicates a very superior performance.

T/F: ​A student with a documented medical disorder who is not eligible to receive special education services according to IDEA-04 classification criteria will automatically be ineligible to receive special education services under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act.

False- Students may be ineligible for classification yet be eligible for Section 504 services.

T/F: ​It is not important for the teacher to know how to interpret test results, that job is only done by the psychologist.

False- Teachers need to know how to interpret test results so they can be a part of the decision making.

T/F: The IDEA definition of parent, and their rights, includes the natural or adoptive parent but, for special education issues, does not include a court appointed surrogate.

False- The IDEA definition of parent may include a surrogate, who acts in place of the parent, and is often court appointed.

T/F: The number of RTI levels or tiers is always three (tier 1, tier 2, tier 3).

False- The number of levels or tiers is generally three but may include more, depending on how the LEA decides to group the general format of screening, progress monitoring and diagnosis.

T/F: The referral process is always initiated by the classroom teacher

False- The referral process may also be initiated by the student's parent(s) or guardian.

A _________________ is the most commonly used norm score, used to describe how a student performs in comparison to age or grade level peers; expressed in numbers ranging from a low of 1 to a high of 99.

Percentile

Which of the following is not an accurate statement about response to intervention?

RTI was never intended to identify students who require special services

The goal of accommodations is to:

level the playing field between students with and without disabilities.

Assessment is commonly used for all but which of the following purposes:

mediation

Often opposing parties (i.e., the school district and the parents) attempt to resolve their educational conflict by either reaching a compromise or a solution before it results in a court case when an administrative judge will determine the outcome. This is referred to as:

mediation

The raw scores from a standardized test:

need to be converted to a derived score to make accurate comparisons

If parents disagree with the results of their child's IEP multidisciplinary evaluation, they can:

obtain an independent evaluation that will be paid at public expense

During the evaluation plan when the type of testing is determined, it is decided that the referred student should have their fine motor skills assessed. The specialist who does this type of assessment is the:

occupational therapist

Parental involvement in the evaluation and decision-making process includes all but:

paying for and providing a psychological assessment for their child.

Which of the following statements is an accurate fundamental premise of RTI?

poor performance may reflect curriculum disability rather than student disability.

The component of the IEP that describes students' abilities and how the disability impacts their ability to progress in the general education curriculum is the:

present level of academic achievement and functional performance

The multidisciplinary team member who evaluates the student's cognitive ability, personal adjustment, and adaptive behavior is generally the:

psychologist

One of the primary purposes of early intervening services is to:

recommend interventions and document attempts to ameliorate academic and/or behavior problems

Which of the following is not considered to be a related service?

remedial reading instruction

Which of the following statements regarding group screening is accurate?

results are commonly used to determine qualification for remedial services

Joey has been classified as having Other Health Impairment due to his medical disability. He tires easily and his school day has to be shortened yet the standardized group testing is being administered all day for the entire week. Therefore, he will need the following ​​type of accommodation:

schedule

The first step in the assessment process - that determines whether more intense or additional assessment should be conducted is:

screening

A __________is used to compare the deviation of an individual score from the mean or average score of students in a norm group of the same chronological age or grade level.

standard score

The term used to describe a student's performance that demonstrates a representative sample and ranges from a high of 9 to a low of 1 is a:

stanine

The members of the Early Intervening Services generally consist of all but which of the following:

the MDT team

Janie's multidisciplinary team evaluations are completed so the next step in the process is to hold the classification meeting to determine whether she is eligible for special education services. According to IDEA-04, those required to attend this meeting must include all but:

the school nurse

Preschool age children who are considered at risk for developmental delays are least likely to be referred for eligibility testing by:

the school principal

Reasons why a student who is referred to the MDT for eligibility testing, may not be evaluated include all but which of the following?

the student is not performing well at tier 3

Which of the following is not an accurate statement about RTI tiers?

there are generally two tiers but there may be five or more tiers

Which of the following statements is not considered to be an advantage of standardized assessment?

there is often a discrepancy between what is tested and what is covered in the text

Educators are using informal, authentic assessment procedures as an alternative to standardized tests because:

they are based on students' performance using relevant, real-world tasks or on the student's curriculum

Reasons why group standardized testing may be difficult for students with disabilities include all but which of the following:

they provide opportunities for asking clarifying questions during testing

Which of the following is incorrect regarding standardized tests?

they provide the option for exploration of multiple answers​

Mrs. Rodriquez uses a type of authentic assessment that evaluates her students' cognitive processes and the steps they use while working on a task by orally explaining what they are doing, is referred to as a:

think aloud technique

The goals of Early Intervening Services primarily do not include the following:

to eliminate assistance to students in general education classes

T/F: According to Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, the learning process is considered to be a major life activity which could be substantially limited by a physical or mental impairment.

True

T/F: All norm-referenced tests are standardized; whereas, criterion-referenced tests can be either standardized or non-standardized.

True

T/F: Although a standardized group test can be individually administered, a standardized individual test cannot be administered to a whole group at one time.

True

T/F: Main purposes for screening young children is to identify developmental delays and to determine eligibility for preschool special education services.

True

T/F: Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act is a civil rights law that protects against discrimination.

True

T/F: Since Mr. and Mrs. Jones do not agree with the results of the educational evaluation of their son, they have a right to obtain an independent educational evaluation which will be paid for by the school district.

True

T/F: The largest category of disability has and continues to be learning disabilities.

True

T/F: The most commonly used form of technical assisted technology is the computer system.

True

T/F: The multidisciplinary team may decide not to proceed with eligibility testing when, after reviewing the referral documentation, there is no reasonable basis to suspect that a disability exists.

True

T/F: When students are not successful at the highest level of general education intervention they generally are referred for eligibility testing.

True

T/F: ​A reliable source used for determining standardized assessments that provides a critical review of these tests is the Mental Measurement Yearbook.

True

Mrs. James is constructing an authentic assessment for her third grade inclusion class. Therefore, her options would include all but which of the following?

true or false questions

Data gathered during progress monitoring is...:

used to determine how and when to change intervention type and/or intensity

Following progress monitoring at tier 3 level of RTI intervention, which statement below is least likely to be accurate...

used to determine how and when to change intervention type and/or intensity

The purposes of individual screening are not typically used to provide this information:

whether the student needs an Individual Education Plan.

The referral, the initial step in the MDT assessment process, ultimately determines all but which of the following?

whether the student should be retained

When considering placement options for Shannon who has been classified as having a serious emotional disturbance and has been attending a self-contained special education class in a general education school, a less restrictive placement would be:

​a general education class with resource center instruction

What student data is not necessary for the teacher to gather before initiating the referral process?

​a record of how many of his/her classmates are receiving tier 1,2 or 3 interventions

The main component of an educational evaluation, a part of a comprehensive academic evaluation, would include:

​achievement tests

Standardized test administration requires the use of basal and ceiling levels in order to:

​ensure that the student's range of skills is covered

Which statement about Section 504 is not accurate:

​it mandates that reasonable accommodations must be provided only within the general education classroom

Regarding the administration of standardized assessment, the administrator:

​must use exact wording

Which is the correct order of service for a student through the special education process?

​referral to the MDT, parent consent, eligibility testing, classification conference

Which statement is not accurate about using computer technology for assessment:

​tests administered on a computer tend to be more costly than paper-pencil

Once the decision is made to evaluate the student for eligibility for special education, an ​​evaluation plan is developed which specifies:

​the types of assessments to be used and which specialists will administer the tests

Local Education Agencies (LEAs) and State Education Agencies (SEAs) use group standardized tests for all but which of the following purposes:

​to determine whether students are eligible for classification

Progress monitoring is helpful to the teacher in all but which of the following ways:

​to determine which students should be classified learning disabled.

IDEA allows school districts to use a portion of special education funds to support Early Intervening Services to do all but which of the following:

​to write the Individual Education Plan (IEP)

Prior to deciding which of the 13 IDEA classification categories the student is eligible, the multidisciplinary team must determine:

​whether the student is eligible for classification

Which statement about curriculum-based measurement (CBM) is not accurate?

a CBM is not a good screening tool but it is useful for instructional planning

On most standardized tests, the range of average according to standard scores is:

90-110

When teachers are selecting the type of test they will use, they need to consider whether the objective of the test is to:

a.​compare one student's progress to the progress of other students b.​determine the student's proficiency or mastery of specific content c.​evaluate the student's progress over time ——d.​all of the above—

Summative assessment is:

administered as a final evaluation of progress at the end of an instructional period.​

Which of the following is unlikely to be considered a reasonable accommodation:

allowing the teacher to orally read the words for a sight vocabulary test

The benefits of standardized group assessments are that they generally:

are more time efficient to administer

Mr. Miller keeps track of progress of the students in his classes in a consistent, efficient manner by developing a list of skills that need to be mastered using a:

checklist

The range of scores in which a true score will fall within a given probability is referred to as a:

confidence interval

Which of the following is the typical order of steps for implementing progress monitoring?

determine baseline performance, establish instructional goals, implement instructional program, establish cut rates, measure performance, chart progress

The evaluation technique that uses a test-teach-test model and is based on Vygotsky's view of the learning process is:

dynamic assessment

​In order to effectively use the think-aloud technique, the teacher needs to be:

familiar with cognitive strategies and the scope and sequence of curriculum

The term that means that a strategy is delivered in a manner consistent with how it was used in research studies is....

fidelity

Probes are timed samples of student work designed to measure the following skills:

fluency and accuracy

All but which of the following can be used to analyze tasks:

frequency - how often the task is chosen by the student

An assessment that evaluates how a student actually functions on everyday tasks, such as​ using public transportation, using dollars/coins to make change, doing household chores is:

functional adaptive assessment

This year Tamika's standardized test results indicate her stanine score to be a 6. Last year, on the same test, she received a stanine score of 3. This indicates that her performance:

has improved

Kate is a student with a serious learning disability. She will require accommodations to participate in the standardized testing procedures. Which of the factors must be considered when writing her IEP to include appropriate accommodations?

her current level of functioning

The purpose of Tier 1 screening is primarily to:

identify students at risk for academic failure

Which of the following is an accurate statement about group vs. individually administered tests?

individually administered tests are less efficient and less economical to administer

Parental signature, which grants permission to proceed through the eligibility, classification, ​​​and placement process and indicates that parents have been made aware of their due process ​​​rights, is referred to as:

informed consent

Which of the following statements regarding the referral process is not accurate?

informed consent cannot be revoked at any time during the process

Which of the statements regarding informed consent is not accurate?

informed consent must be obtained only at the time of the referral