OCE 1001 Chapter 11, Test 3
Biomagnification of toxic substances means that __________. toxic substances become increasingly concentrated in the tissues of organisms in each higher level of the food web the presence of a toxic substance strengthens the immune systems of organisms higher in the food web organisms higher in the food web are more sensitive to a given concentration of toxic substances within their tissues molecules of the toxic compounds grow larger and form crystals after they accumulate in the tissues of marine animals larger organisms are not affected by the toxic substances, but they suffer stress when their prey such as plankton are killed off
toxic substances become increasingly concentrated in the tissues of organisms in each higher level of the food web
Based on the World Health Organization's definition, how many of these substances would be classified as a pollutant if these were the only data considered?
two
The image below shows salinity variation in coastal waters. Correctly match the letters with the appropriate features. Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer.
A: Dry offshore wind D: Halocline with low salinity at the surface F: Halocline with high salinity at the surface E: Isohaline water column C: Runoff and wind mixed B: Runoff
The image below shows temperature variation in coastal waters. Correctly match the letters with the appropriate features. Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer.
A: Middle latitude summer D: Low latitudes F: Thermocline with warm water at the surface B: Middle latitude winter H: Isothermal water column (high temps) C: High latitudes G: Isothermal water column (low temps) F: Thermocline with cold water at the surface
This world map shows the global distribution of salt marshes and mangrove swamps. Match the correct letter to each of the following. Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer.
A: Salt marshes C: Sea that has a circulation pattern opposite from normal estuarine circulation B: Mangrove swamps
Match these images showing estuary geometry and salinity distribution with the following estuary types. Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer.
A: Slightly stratified C: Salt wedge B: Highly stratified D: Vertically mixed
The image below shows block diagrams of four settings in which estuaries typically form. Correctly match each letter to the type of estuary. Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer.
C: Coastal plain D: Tectonic A: Fjord B: Bar-built
Which two single-use items are the most common types of marine debris found during beach cleanups? Straws and plastic bags Food wrappers and plastic utensils Plastic bags and cans Cigarette filters and food wrappers Cigarette filters and plastic bags
Cigarette filters and plastic bags
The pollutant responsible for major declines in the populations of pelicans, ospreys, and other marine birds was __________. mercury plastics DDT PCBs sewage sludge
DDT
Which of the following are viable options for reducing the amount of plastic in the ocean? Educate people so they understand the impacts of their choices on the environment. Dispose of plastics properly and recycle when possible. Support proposals that ban or regulate the use or sale of single-use plastics and their improper disposal at sea. People can reduce their consumption of single-use plastics. Skim the ocean surface water for floating trash.
EVERYTHING BUT Skim the ocean surface water for floating trash.
Which of the following statements correctly explain the issues with plastics in the marine environment?
EVERYTHING BUT Accumulating plastic debris acts as an artificial habitat for marine life in the open ocean.
Of the following statements about ocean ownership and the Law of the Sea, which is/are true? Forty-two percent of the world's oceans are under the control of coastal nations. Many areas of the deep ocean can be purchased from the United Nations in a sealed bidding process. Coastal nations own the resources of the area 200 nautical miles from their shoreline, which is called the exclusive economic zone (EEZ). Offshore areas have very little to offer in the way of resources, so ownership here is not an issue. If the continental shelf (defined geologically) exceeds the 200-mile exclusive economic zone (EEZ), countries are allowed to extend their ownership to 350 nautical miles from shore. The Law of the Sea Treaty, which establishes the rights of nations in ocean ownership, was ratified by the required 60th nation in 1993.
EVERYTHING BUT OFFSHORE Forty-two percent of the world's oceans are under the control of coastal nations. Coastal nations own the resources of the area 200 nautical miles from their shoreline, which is called the exclusive economic zone (EEZ). If the continental shelf (defined geologically) exceeds the 200-mile exclusive economic zone (EEZ), countries are allowed to extend their ownership to 350 nautical miles from shore. The Law of the Sea Treaty, which establishes the rights of nations in ocean ownership, was ratified by the required 60th nation in 1993.
Which of the following properties of plastic make it unusually persistent and damaging? It is strong. It is inexpensive. It is lightweight. It is durable. It is biodegradable.
EVERYTHING BUT it is biodegradable
Which of the following statements correctly explain the issues with plastics in the marine environment? Accumulating plastic debris acts as an artificial habitat for marine life in the open ocean. Microbeads bind chemical pollutants like PCBs and DDTs. Plastics do not biodegrade. Drifting plastics can be ingested by animals that mistake them for their natural gelatinous prey. Large durable pieces of plastic can entangle marine animals. Plastics photodegrade into smaller fragments, ultimately becoming microplastics.
Everything but Accumulating plastic debris acts as an artificial habitat for marine life in the open ocean.
Which of the following techniques are the best options for cleaning up after an oil spill?
Introduce microbes to begin the process of bioremediation. Skim floating oil off the surface immediately after the spill.
Which of the following techniques are the best options for cleaning up after an oil spill? Introduce microbes to begin the process of bioremediation. Pressure wash the coastline with super hot water. Skim floating oil off the surface immediately after the spill. Introduce chemical dispersants to break up the spill.
Introduce microbes to begin the process of bioremediation. Skim floating oil off the surface immediately after the spill.
Of the following statements, which is/are included in the World Health Organization's definition of marine pollution? Marine pollution results in or is likely to result in harmful effects to marine life. Marine pollution is harmful to human health only. Marine pollution is aesthetically displeasing (an eyesore). Marine pollution can be a substance or a form of energy. Marine pollution is human-made. Marine pollution can be a natural occurrence.
Marine pollution can be a SUBSTANCE or a form of energy. -Marine pollution RESULTS or is likely to result in harmful effects to marine life. -Marine pollution is HUMAN-MADE.
According to the World Health Organization definition of marine pollutants, __________ is NOT a pollutant. plastic oil from the tanks of ships DDT mercury from the burning of coal oil from offshore seeps
OIL from OFFSHORE seeps
Which of the following marine pollutants will bioaccumulate or biomagnify in the food web? microplastics PCBs mercury nurdles DDTs
PCBs, Mercury, DDTs
Which of the following correctly describes the impacts of known biological pollutants? The Atlantic comb jelly has damaged fisheries in the Black Sea. Fungi that are introduced into an oil spill biodegrade the petroleum. Large predatory fish have bioaccumulated high levels of mercury. The seaweed Caulerpa has smothered ecosystems where it was introduced. Zebra mussels have outcompeted native mussels in the Great Lakes region.
The Atlantic comb jelly has damaged fisheries in the Black Sea. The seaweed Caulerpa has smothered ecosystems where it was introduced. Zebra mussels have outcompeted native mussels in the Great Lakes region.
Consider a coastal region that repeatedly experiences harmful algal blooms because of fertilizer runoff. A local politician suggests introducing the zebra mussel, because they filter feed and will clear the water of the bloom. Why is this an ill-advised proposition from an ecological standpoint? They cannot survive in a foreign environment, resulting in the unnecessary loss of life and a waste of money. They have no natural predators and can dramatically alter the ecosystem. They promote the development of a dead zones by reducing the amount of dissolved oxygen. They will result in an increase in the bloom because their waste acts as additional fertilizer for the algae. They bioaccumulate toxins from the environment making them unsuitable to eat.
They have no natural predators and can dramatically alter the ecosystem.
What is the greatest anthropogenic source of petroleum pollution to the ocean? Urban runoff and individual vehicle owners Extraction of petroleum from the sea floor The Deepwater Horizon oil spill Transport and distribution of oil in tanker ships Natural oil seeps
Urban runoff and individual vehicle owners
Based on the World Health Organization's definition of marine pollution, which of the following is/are considered to be a form of marine pollution? raw sewage released onto the floor of the deep ocean sound from cargo ships traversing the ocean sulfuric acid seeping into marine waters from a volcanic vent area warmer-than-normal water created by outflow from a coastal power plant a natural oil seep on the ocean floor that is discharging oil directly into the ocean biodegradable food items dumped overboard from a cruise ship
WARMER-than-normal water created by outflow from a coastal power plant -SOUND from cargo ships traversing the ocean -BIODEGRADABLE food items dumped overboard from a cruise ship -RAW sewage released onto the floor of the deep ocean
Under the protection of the Law of the Sea treaty, a coastal nation has the right to _____________. catch fishery species within the boundaries of a neighboring nation's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). exploit deep-ocean minerals at will in international waters mine the continental shelf of a nation that has not ratified the Law of the Sea extract oil at will within the jurisdiction of their Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) restrict the passage of vessels through a territorial sea
extract oil at will within the jurisdiction of their Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)
The biggest concern with biological pollutants is that they often ____________. lack predators and other natural controls biodegrade rapidly, causing unsightly conditions and unpleasant smells ingest significant quantities of microplastics and contaminate the food web reduce the incidence of disease and parasitism in native species become entangled in strong, durable plastic debris
lack predators and other natural controls
What form of chemical pollution results in neurological damage that can range from blindness to brain damage to paralysis and even death? methylmercury sewage sludge pharmaceuticals DDT Fertilizers
methylmercury
All types of pollution are harmful, but ________ is among the least damaging forms. PCBs methylmercury microplastics oil nurdles
oil
The greatest amount of oil pollution in the ocean from human sources is from __________. natural seeps petroleum consumption petroleum transportation offshore drilling and production pipelines
petroleum consumption
Which of the following marine pollutants are biodegradable? microplastics petroleum DDTs crude oil mercury the seaweed Caulerpa
petroleum, crude oil, the seaweed caulerpa
A close friend of yours announces that she is newly pregnant and wants to go out for a nice seafood dinner to celebrate! You agree, but using your newfound knowledge on ocean pollution, you strongly advise her that in order to protect her baby from birth defects, she should avoid eating ________.
plastic debris washed down storm drains
An example of non-point source pollution is ___________. oil leaking from an undersea drilling site mercury discharged as waste by chemical plants plastic debris washed down storm drains sewage sludge transported to a disposal site petroleum seeping naturally from the sea floor
plastic debris washed down storm drains
The international Law of the Sea treaty __________. puts no restrictions on the mining of seabed minerals in areas of the ocean beyond any nation's exclusive economic zone allows nations to prohibit the transit of unfriendly warships through straits adjacent to their shorelines establishes an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) that extends 12 nautical miles seaward from the coast of each maritime nation regulates the dumping of waste in international waters provides for arbitration of disputes
provides for arbitration of disputes
The following are all examples of nonpoint source pollutants in the ocean EXCEPT ___________. sewage sludge nurdles fertilizer pesticides road oil
sewage sludge
