OCE 1001 Chapter 14 Hw

What is the role of the operculum? thunniform swimming short bursts of fast swimming sensing vibrations in the water buoyancy covering the gills of the fish

covering the gills of the fish

Which of the following groups of organisms are considered zooplankton? Krill Jellyfish Radiolarians Copepods Diatoms

(Everything but Diatoms) -Copepods -Jellyfish -Radiolarians -Krill

Which of the following anatomical features are found in dolphins? melon blowhole junk compartment monkey's muzzle phonic lips

-phonic lips -melon -blowhole

What evidence exists that harbor seals have always been in the area? Ancient legends from native peoples who lived in the area. The existence of a rock offshore known as Seal Rock. The name "harbor seals" is used as a local nickname for La Jolla. Old photographs of the area showing harbor seals. Fossils of harbor seals found buried in the beach.

The existence of a rock offshore known as Seal Rock.

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. Gray Blue Killer Minke Sei

Killer

Which of the following fast-swimming fish has the lowest body temperature? Bluefin tuna (Thynnus) Bonito (Sarda) Yellowtail (Seriola) Mackerel (Scomber) Moonfish Opah (Lampris guttatus)

Mackerel (Scomber)

Because the area has not yet been designated as a marine sanctuary, lifeguards are allowed to do what so that people can use the beach? Because the area has not yet been designated as a marine sanctuary, lifeguards are allowed to do what so that people can use the beach? shoot the harbor seals with a stun gun broadcast wolf sounds to scare the harbor seals off the beach chase the harbor seals off the beach instruct people to light fireworks from the beach to scare the harbor seals off the beach install a protective fence along the beach

chase the harbor seals off the beach

What type of whale captures prey by swimming at the surface with its mouth open to trap plankton in the fringe of its baleen? filter-feeding gray whales bubble-net-feeding humpback whales skim-feeding minke whales gulp-feeding blue whales skim-feeding right whales

skim-feeding right whales

Some specialized deep-sea fish have a swim bladder that is filled with what to help them stay in the deep ocean? metal sulfides salt calcium carbonate electrolytes fat

fat

Most high-speed fish use their caudal fins ________. for swim propulsion primarily as stabilizers to hold onto prey to increase the surface area to turn, brake, and balance

for swim propulsion

Which of the following macrozooplankton have sails that can be used to push them through the water? chaetognath hydrozoan scyphozoan salp krill

hydrozoan

Where do amphipods live? on kelp in the kelp forest in shallow, rocky tidepools in bottom mud within the water column only in surface waters

in bottom mud

Where do dolphins generate sounds for use in echolocation? in the mouth in the blowhole in the melon in the nose

in the blowhole

One of the prey items of baleen whales are krill. What are krill? a type of barnacle small fish a type of shellfish related to mussels small shrimp-like organisms a type of marine macro-algae

small shrimp-like organisms

What are krill? small shrimp-like organisms a type of shellfish related to mussels small fish a type of marine macro-algae a type of barnacle

small shrimp-like organisms

Which of the following animals are whale barnacles closely related to? sea cucumbers sea hares octopuses diatoms shrimp

shrimp

An isopods attaching itself to a fish and derive its nutrition from the body fluids of the fish, robbing it of some of its energy supply, is an example of which of the following types of symbiotic relationship? Commensalism Mutualism Naturalism Parallelism Parasitism

Parasitism

Which of the following are single-celled, microscopic protozoans that build their hard shells out of silica? Coccolithophores Copepods Ctenophores Foraminifers Radiolarians

Radiolarians

Of the following statements about the muscle tissue of cruising and lunging fish, which is/are true? Lungers have mostly red muscle tissue. White muscle tissue has increased levels of myoglobin compared to red muscle tissue, needed by lungers. Red muscle tissue is designed for quick bursts of speed, needed by lungers. White muscle tissue is designed for sustained, long-distance travel, needed by cruisers. Cruisers have a mix of red and white muscle tissue. Red muscle tissue supports high metabolic rates and is good for endurance, needed by cruisers.

-Red muscle tissue supports high metabolic rates and is good for endurance, needed by cruisers. -Cruisers have a mix of red and white muscle tissue.

What part(s) of a fish is/are used for thunniform swimming? pectoral fins myomeres pelvic fins anal fins caudal fins

-caudal fins -myomeres

Red muscle tissue in fish is ________ and contains much ________ concentrations of myoglobin than white muscle tissue. thinner; higher thinner; lower thicker; higher thicker; lower

thinner; higher

An example of a "cruiser" is a: grouper. tuna. shark. flounder. mackerel.

tuna

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding sound and echolocation in dolphins? Low-frequency sounds are used to detect objects that are far away, and high-frequency sounds are used to detect objects that are close by. Reflected sound is received by the melon. Dolphins create a wide variety of sounds, including clicks, buzzes, and whistles. Echolocation is not very detailed, but it allows dolphins to sense large objects and schools of fish close to them. Dolphins are known to use short bursts of sound to stun prey before they move in for the kill.

-Dolphins are known to use short bursts of sound to stun prey before they move in for the kill. -Dolphins create a wide variety of sounds, including clicks, buzzes, and whistles. -Low-frequency sounds are used to detect objects that are far away, and high-frequency sounds are used to detect objects that are close by.

Which of the following statements about fish schooling behavior are true? More than half of all fish species join schools during at least a portion of their lives. Schooling reduces the chance that a cruising predator might find one of their kind. Schools can gang up on larger predators and chase them away, thus avoiding an attack. Schools can move and appear as one large and dangerous fish, thus preventing a predator from attacking. Schooling provides conservation of body heat and allows fish to be warmer, thus using less energy to keep warm. Schooling allows fish to learn avoidance techniques from each other through observation and socialization.

-MORE than half of all fish species join schools during at least a portion of their lives. -Schooling REDUCES the chance that a cruising predator might find one of their kind. -Schools CAN MOVE and appear as one large and dangerous fish, thus preventing a predator from attacking.

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the order Cetacea? The toothed whales eat fish and squid, and the baleen whales are vegetarian. Porpoises and dolphins are considered to be small whales. The gray whale is the largest mammal on Earth. Baleen is made out of the same material that makes up humans' fingernails and hair. Many species of whales were hunted to the brink of extinction, but with protection, many of them are now making a comeback.

-Many species of whales were hunted to the brink of extinction, but with protection, many of them are now making a comeback. -Baleens are made out of the same material that makes up humans' fingernails and hair. -Porpoises and dolphins are considered to be small whales.

Which of the following is an example of a symbiotic relationship? Parasitism Mimicry Mutualism Counter-shading Commensalism

-Mutualism -Commensalism -Parasitism

Which of the following are differences between seals and sea lions? Seals use their front flippers for steering, and sea lions use their rear flippers for steering. Seals are lighter in color than sea lions. Sea lions have visible external ear flaps, and seals have a slight indentation on the sides of their heads but lack external ear flaps. Seals make a barking sound, and sea lions make a whooping sound. Sea lions propel themselves through the water by flapping their front flippers, and seals use a back-and-forth motion of their rear flippers to propel themselves.

-Sea lions have visible external ear flaps, and seals have a slight indentation on the sides of their heads but lack external ear flaps. -Sea lions propel themselves through the water by flapping their front flippers, and seals use a back-and-forth motion of their rear flippers to propel themselves. -Seals use their front flippers for steering, and sea lions use their rear flippers for steering.

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding seals and sea lions? Seals have visible nails on their foreflippers, and sea lions do not. Seals swim faster than sea lions. Seals have smaller foreflippers than sea lions. Size is the best distinguishing characteristic between seals and sea lions. Seals and sea lions generally do not inhabit the same areas of the beach at the same time.

-Seals have smaller foreflippers than sea lions. -Seals and sea lions generally do not inhabit the same areas of the beach at the same time. -Seals have visible nails on their foreflippers, and sea lions do not.

Which of the following characteristics about sirenians are true? They live in shallow water and move slowly, which can often increase their risk of being run over by boats. They have a paddle-like tail and rounded front flippers. They are the only vegetarian marine mammals. Their ancestors were wolflike creatures. They lack all hair on their bodies. Sirenians such as manatees have nails on their front flippers.

-Sirenians such as manatees have nails on their front flippers. -They have a paddle-like tail and rounded front flippers. -They are the only vegetarian marine mammals. -They live in shallow water and move slowly, which can often increase their risk of being run over by boats.

What happens to the swim bladder as a fish moves into deeper water? The gas in the swim bladder expands, increasing the volume of the swim bladder. The gas in the swim bladder contracts, decreasing the volume of the swim bladder. The gas in the swim bladder contracts due to decreasing water pressure. The gas in the swim bladder expands due to increasing water pressure. The gas in the swim bladder contracts due to increasing water pressure.

-The gas in the swim bladder contracts due to increasing water pressure. -The gas in the swim bladder contracts, decreasing the volume of the swim bladder.

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the order Sirenia? Manatees live in the tropical Indian Ocean and dugongs live in the Caribbean. The order Sirenia includes manatees and dugongs. They are also called sea cows. They are omnivores who eat meat and plants. They are fast swimmers.

-The order Sirenia includes manatees and dugongs. -They are also called sea cows.

What does the structure of a sea lion's hip joint permit it to do? climb stairs walk on all fours maintain neutral buoyancy camouflage to its surroundings swim backward

-walk on all fours -climb stairs

Which of the following marine carnivores are flipper-footed? seals polar bears sea lions sea otters walruses

-walruses -sea lions -seals

Fossil discoveries indicate that whales evolved from mammals on land about ________ million years ago. 50 70 80 60 90

50

How does sonar work? A gravitational signal is bounced off the ocean floor. An electromagnetic signal is bounced off the ocean floor. An infrared signal is bounced off the ocean floor. A sound signal is bounced off the ocean floor. A laser signal is bounced off the ocean floor.

A sound signal is bounced off the ocean floor.

Which of the following characteristics are shared by all marine mammals? All marine animals bear live young. All marine animals have fur. All marine animals are warm-blooded. All marine animals breathe oxygen that is dissolved in seawater. All marine animal mothers nurse their young with their milk.

ALL EXCEPT All marine animals breathe oxygen that is dissolved in seawater.

Which of the following statements about odontocetes are true? Odontoceti have the ability to use echolocation. Odontoceti have prominent teeth and good vision. Odontoceti form long-lived social groups. Odontoceti have large brains relative to their body size. Odontoceti use vocal cords to make clicks and whistles.

ALL EXCEPT Odontoceti use vocal cords to make clicks and whistles.

Which of the following are considered baleen whales? Right whales Gray whales Sperm whales Blue whales Humpback whales

ALL EXCEPT Sperm Whales

Schooling behavior, as depicted in the figure, benefits the organisms involved because it: reduces the probability that a predator will locate the prey species. reduces the mortality rate for individuals within the school. confuses predators by constantly changing positions of the fish within the school. makes the group of fish appear as one large unit. All the above behaviors are beneficial to schooling fish.

All the above behaviors are beneficial to schooling fish.

Which of the following is true of echolocation? Animals use reflected sound to sense their environment with echolocation. Sperm whales and dolphins generate sounds using their vocal cords. Using echolocation, animals can only sense how far away an object is. They are not able to sense the size or shape of the object. All whales, dolphins, and porpoises use echolocation.

Animals use reflected sound to sense their environment with echolocation.

Which of the following is not an adaptation for deep diving in Cetaceans? Collapsing the lungs to compensate for increasing water pressure during deep dives Having increased hemoglobin concentrations to store more oxygen Slowed heart rate Having a lot of myoglobin in the muscles to store oxygen Blood flow is shifted from the brain to the extremities.

Blood flow is shifted from the brain to the extremities.

Fur seals are members of which of the following orders? Carnivora Cetacea Chiroptera Rhenanida Sirenia

Carnivora

Blue whales are members of which of the following orders? Carnivora Cetacea Chiroptera Rhenanida Sirenia

Cetacea

Bowhead whales are members of which of the following orders? Carnivora Cetacea Chiroptera Rhenanida Sirenia

Cetacea

Porpoises are members of which of the following orders? Carnivora Cetacea Chiroptera Rhenanida Sirenia

Cetacea

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. Collapsible ribs Swim bladder Blubber Spines Gas bladder

Collapsible ribs

A remora attaching itself to a shark to obtain food and transportation without harming its host is an example of which of the following types of symbiotic relationship? Commensalism Mutualism Naturalism Parallelism Parasitism

Commensalism

Which type of symbiotic relationship do barnacles that are attached to a large migrating whale represent? Mutualism Camouflage Parasitism Schooling Commensalism

Commensalism

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. Arrow worm Salp Ctenophore Copepod Jellyfish

Copepod

Which of the following are one of the most numerically dominant types of multicelled organisms on the planet? Coccolithophores Copepods Ctenophores Foraminifers Radiolarians

Copepods

Marine mammals use sound for a variety of purposes. Which of these examples can only be accomplished by Odontocetes? Sing complex songs to attract mates Production of low-frequency sound to navigate Produce aggressive vocalizations to defend territories Vocalization to communicate with offspring Direct sharp bursts of sound to stun prey

Direct sharp bursts of sound to stun prey

What is the harbor seal controversy at Children's Pool in La Jolla California about? Should harbor seal mating activities been seen by children who occupy the beach at Children's Pool? Do harbor seals and sea lions have the right to inhabit the waters offshore of Children's Pool? Do harbor seals have the right to use the beach at Children's Pool? Should harbor seals be allowed to claw and destroy the seawall at Children's Pool? Should harbor seals be allowed to burrow into sand on the beach at Children's Pool?

Do harbor seals have the right to use the beach at Children's Pool?

Of the following statements about bioluminescence in deep-water nekton, which is/are true? A flash of bioluminescent light can temporarily blind a predator, allowing the prey to escape. Bioluminescent light can attract and lure prey to a predator. Bioluminescent light can be used to stake out territory. The majority of deep-water nekton can bioluminesce. Bioluminescence can be used to attract a mate. Bioluminescent organs can be used to achieve neutral buoyancy.

EVERYTHING EXCEPT Bioluminescent organs can be used to achieve neutral buoyancy.

How are echolocation and sonar different? Echolocation is used by dolphins, whereas sonar is used by whales and is a data collection tool developed by people. Sonar and echolocation are two words for the same process. Echolocation is used by dolphins and whales, whereas sonar is a data collection tool developed by people. Sonar is used by dolphins and whales, whereas echolocation is a data collection tool developed by people.

Echolocation is used by dolphins and whales, whereas sonar is a data collection tool developed by people.

Which of the following fish waits patiently for prey and exerts themselves only in short bursts as they lunge? Grouper Swordfish Marlin Shark Tuna

Grouper

What is the main opposition of having harbor seals at Children's Pool in La Jolla? Harbor seals have been known to roll onto sunbathers, thus causing people to be injured. Children can easily see harbor seals mate during harbor seal breeding activities. Harbor seals aggressively defend the beach area, thus endangering beachgoers. Harbor seals are very noisy and create an unpleasant beach experience. Harbor seals defecate in the water, producing high levels of bacteria in the water offshore.

Harbor seals defecate in the water, producing high levels of bacteria in the water offshore.

Which of the following types of caudal fins is found in sharks? Forked caudal fin Heterocercal caudal fin Lunate caudal fin Rounded caudal fin Truncate caudal fin

Heterocercal caudal fin

Deep-sea fish species exhibit which of the following adaptations to life in the deep ocean? Hinged jaws Rigid bodies Small sharp teeth Small mouths Insensitive eyes

Hinged jaws

How does a dolphin make the sounds that are used for echolocation? It pulls air in through its right nostril. The spermaceti vibrate, making a ringing sound. It pulls air in through its blowhole and contracts the muscles near the blowhole to make different sounds. It pulls air in through its monkey's muzzle. When the monkey's muzzle closes, it makes a clicking sound. It pushes air through its vocal cords. It slaps its tail on the surface of the water. The melon absorbs the resulting sound waves.

It pulls air in through its blowhole and contracts the muscles near the blowhole to make different sounds.

How does a sperm whale make the sounds that are used for echolocation? It pulls air in through its right nostril. The spermaceti vibrate, making a ringing sound. It pulls air in through its monkey's muzzle. The monkey's muzzle acts like a vocal cord to make a singing sound. It pulls air in through its blowhole and contracts the muscles near the blowhole to make different sounds. Air is pushed through the vocal cords. It pulls air in through its monkey's muzzle. When the monkey's muzzle closes, it makes a clicking sound.

It pulls air in through its monkey's muzzle. When the monkey's muzzle closes, it makes a clicking sound.

The stinging tentacles of a sea anemone protecting a clown fish which chases away any fish that tries to feed on the anemone is an example of which of the following types of symbiotic relationship? Commensalism Mutualism Naturalism Parallelism Parasitism

Mutualism

What suborder includes baleen whales? Odontoceti Minke Mysticeti Cetacea Rorqual

Mysticeti

A group of animals that "violates" the trophic pyramid by feeding on organisms two or three levels below it is the __________. Odontoceti or toothed whales pinnipeds Mysticeti or baleen whales sea otters polar bears

Mysticeti or baleen whales

What feeding strategy best describes that of humpback whales? One or more individuals cooperate to corral prey using bubbles and then swim vertically to scoop up large quantities of fish. They cooperatively swim along the surface of the water with their mouths open to create dense patches of plankton that they all feed on. Individual whales will chase their prey and target a few of the largest fish. They scoop up large quantities of sediments from the ocean floor to filter out invertebrates. One or more whales will blow bubbles to scare their prey into deeper waters, where they can easily catch their prey in large quantities.

One or more individuals cooperate to corral prey using bubbles and then swim vertically to scoop up large quantities of fish.

How does the hip structure of a seal compare to that of a sea lion? Sea lions have fused vertebrae. Sea lions have flexible vertebrae that allow them to turn their rear flippers underneath their bodies. Seals and sea lions have identical hip structures. Seals have a flexible hip structure. Seals have fused vertebrae that allow them to turn their rear flippers underneath their bodies.

Sea lions have flexible vertebrae that allow them to turn their rear flippers underneath their bodies.

Why are sea lions often found farther from the beach than seals, who stay closer to the water's edge? Seals' skin gets dried out faster than sea lions' skin, so they need to stay closer to the water to resubmerge themselves. Seals have a harder time maneuvering on land than seal lions do, so seals stay closer to the water's edge. Seals are marine mammals, and sea lions are land mammals. Seals are more sensitive to noise than see lions are, so they stay closer to the water's edge. Seals have to eat more frequently than sea lions, so they need to stay closer to the water and their source of food.

Seals have a harder time maneuvering on land than seal lions do, so seals stay closer to the water's edge.

Which of the following animals uses a swim bladder to achieve neutral buoyancy? Snapper Sharks Nautilus Sepia Tuna

Snapper

Which of the following is the most vocal cetacean? Finback whale Sperm whale Killer whale Porpoise Dolphin

Sperm whale

Which of the following is not a member of the Order Carnivora? Polar bears Sea otters Seals Sperm whales Sea lions

Sperm whales

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. Squid Copepods Radiolarians Foraminiferans Krill

Squid

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Clown fish are not stung by sea anemone BECAUSE clown fish have a protective agent in the mucus that coats their bodies.

The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Many microscopic zooplankton are omnivores BECAUSE they eat other zooplankton in addition to phytoplankton.

The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Microscopic zooplankton are primary consumers BECAUSE they eat microscopic phytoplankton.

The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Usually a parasite does not rob enough energy to kill the host BECAUSE if the host dies, so does the parasite.

The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Clown fish are not stung by sea anemone BECAUSE they chase away any other fish that tries to feed on the anemone.

The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Clown fish are not stung by sea anemone BECAUSE clown fish release a chemical into seawater that makes the stinging tentacles retract.

The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Schooling may help fish swim greater distances than individuals BECAUSE each schooling fish gets slowed down by the vortex created by the fish swimming in front of it.

The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Usually a parasite does not rob enough energy to kill the host BECAUSE if the host dies, the parasite can just swim away.

The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.

What would happen to a fish with a body less dense than the surrounding seawater? The fish would get dehydrated due to increased osmosis. The fish would freeze because it would not be able to absorb heat as readily. The fish would sink to the ocean floor. The fish would float on the ocean surface. The fish would get dehydrated due to decreased osmosis.

The fish would float on the ocean surface.

What does a dolphin's melon do? The melon focuses sound waves during reception. The melon focuses sound waves during emission. The melon makes sound waves during emission. The melon interprets sound waves during reception.

The melon focuses sound waves during emission.

What do whale lice eat? Bacteria in the mouths of gray whales. Tiny microscopic floating marine organisms. The skin of gray whales. Whale barnacles that are also found on gray whales. Bottom-dwelling organisms that live in the mud in which gray whales feed.

The skin of gray whales.

Which of the following statements regarding dugongs is correct? They are concentrated in coastal areas of the tropical Atlantic Ocean. They are known as "sea hippos." Their land-dwelling ancestors were cow like. Their bodies are covered with sparse hairs, concentrated around the mouth. They can ascend steep slopes, climb stairs, and do other acrobatic tricks.

Their bodies are covered with sparse hairs, concentrated around the mouth.

Which of the following statements regarding Manatees is correct? They eat more than 50 kinds of marine life. Their front flippers have nails that resemble the nails on elephant feet. They are short animals that can reach lengths of only up to 2 meters. They populate the tropical regions of the Indian and Western Pacific Oceans. Their fur is thick, and each hair is dense for better insulation.

Their front flippers have nails that resemble the nails on elephant feet.

Which of the following statements regarding sea otters is correct? Their bodies are covered with sparse hairs, which are concentrated around the mouth. They are some of the largest marine mammals. They continually lick themselves to clean their fur and add an insulating layer of air. They are one of the few types of animals known to use tools. They no longer inhabit all areas where they were hunted.

They are one of the few types of animals known to use tools.

Which of the following statements regarding Manatees is correct? They have a paddle like tail and rounded front flippers. They are known as "sea hippos." They populate the tropical regions of the Indian and Western Pacific Oceans. Their land-dwelling ancestors were bear like. They are the only vegetarian marine mammals.

They have a paddle like tail and rounded front flippers.

Which of the following statements regarding walruses is correct? They have ivory tusks up to 1 meter long. Their hair is hollow for better insulation. Their tusks are used for prying and killing. They lack an insulating layer of blubber. Their sharp claws are used for hauling themselves onto icebergs.

They have ivory tusks up to 1 meter long.

Which of the following facts supporting advanced toothed whale intelligence is correct? They have large brains relative to their body size. They resist being trained to respond to human hand signals. They can communicate with humans by using sound. Some wild dolphins have been reported to attack drowning humans. Their brains are highly compartmentalized.

They have large brains relative to their body size.

Plates of baleen resemble what common household item? a light bulb a kitchen utensil a vacuum a dish drying rack a broom

a broom

How do gray whales collect and eat such small organisms? How do gray whales collect and eat such small organisms? They use their countershading to sneak up on their prey items. They use a technique called bubble-net feeding. They emit high-pitched sounds that drive their prey items into tight masses. They use cooperative behavior to corral them into a group and then swallow their prey items whole. They use their baleen to filter prey items from their environment.

They use their baleen to filter prey items from their environment.

How do gray whales collect and eat such small organisms? They use their baleen to filter prey items from their environment. They emit high-pitched sounds that drive their prey items into tight masses. They use a technique called bubble-net feeding. They use cooperative behavior to corral prey into a group and then swallow their prey items whole. They use their countershading to sneak up on their prey items.

They use their baleen to filter prey items from their environment.

Why was the seawall constructed in La Jolla? Why was the seawall constructed in La Jolla? To create a quiet beach behind the seawall that is free of large waves so that children can safely use the beach. To make a boat anchorage where the yacht owners of La Jolla can easily reach their boats. To protect the coastal cliffs, which were eroding away much faster than normal. To make a place for harbor seals and other animals to use for their birthing activities. To divert sand to the beach behind the seawall so a recreational beach would develop there.

To create a quiet beach behind the seawall that is free of large waves so that children can safely use the beach.

Which of the following is not one of the reasons bioluminescence is employed by deep-sea animals? Communication Attracting food Predator avoidance Counter illumination Warning coloration

Warning coloration

Which of the following adaptations allows a fish to add or remove gases rapidly to change depths quickly? a rigid gas container that is an internal chambered structure a rigid gas container that is an external many-chambered shell The ability to exchange gases through the blood a swim bladder without a pneumatic duct a swim bladder with a pneumatic duct

a swim bladder with a pneumatic duct

What is a swim bladder? an internal organ used to maintain negative buoyancy an external organ used to maintain positive buoyancy an internal organ used to maintain neutral buoyancy an internal organ used to maintain positive buoyancy an external organ used to maintain neutral buoyancy

an internal organ used to maintain neutral buoyancy

Which part of the fish is most commonly used to propel high-speed fish? pectoral fins pelvic fins caudal fins anal fin dorsal fin

caudal

What does sonar data tell us about the seafloor? depth, shape, and composition depth, temperature, and composition composition and depth depth and shape depth and temperature

depth, shape, and composition

Squid have two long arms and ________ short arms.

eight

What type of whale feeds primarily on amphipods and shellfish? bowhead whales that skim the surface of the water and trap the small animals in their baleen gray whales that plunge into the muddy bottom and strain the invertebrates out right whales that capture prey by engulfing one large mouthful of water and straining the animals out humpback whales that expand their rorqual folds to scoop up large mouthfuls of sediment from the sea floor blue whales that drag their mouth through organic-rich sediments and filter out large bottom fish

gray whales that plunge into the muddy bottom and strain the invertebrates out

Red muscle tissue in fish supplies a much ________ amount of oxygen and supports a much ________ metabolic rate than white tissue. greater; lower lesser; higher greater; higher lesser; lower

greater; higher

What style of feeding is used by whales with rorqual folds? skim feeding gulp feeding filter feeding bottom feeding bubble-net feeding

gulp feeding

Sea lions are easily distinguished from seals because they: have external ears. cannot rotate their front flippers backward. cannot rotate their front flippers forward. use their rear flippers for swimming. have a short neck.

have external ears.

The shape of the caudal fin of a shark is referred to as: lunate. forked. rounded. heterocercal. truncate.

heterocercal.

Cruisers are thought to have relatively high body temperature because: they only need to move periodically. it assists them in predator avoidance. it increases the power output of muscle tissue. they are cold blooded. it helps them blend more easily with their environment.

it increases the power output of muscle tissue.

What is baleen made of? bone hair keratin fingernails blood

keratin

What part of a fish helps it sense vibrations in the water? myomeres pectoral fins caudal fins dorsal fins lateral lines

lateral lines

The gray whale and other baleen whales migrate every year to: mate and give birth in the tropics during the winter. feed in the Arctic and Antarctic regions during the winter. mate and give birth in the Arctic and Antarctic regions during the summer. feed in the tropics during the summer. feed in the tropics during the winter.

mate and give birth in the tropics during the winter.

In dolphins and porpoises, an organ called the ________ focuses the sounds they generate. nostril spermaceti organ museau du singe melon junk

melon

When a sperm whale generates a click, the sound wave interacts with a variety of structures before it leaves the whale. Which of the following is the correct sequence of structures with which the sound wave interacts? monkey's muzzle, spermaceti, skull, junk compartments monkey's muzzle, skull, junk compartments spermaceti spermaceti, skull, monkey's muzzle, junk compartments spermaceti, monkey's muzzle, skull, junk compartments monkey's muzzle, skull, spermaceti, junk compartments

monkey's muzzle, spermaceti, skull, junk compartments

A symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit is called _____. nepotism commensalism communalism parasitism mutualism

mutualism

Individual fishes within schools maintain their spacing through visual contact and __________. audible signals and sensitive hearing response to physical contact electrical impulses echolocation the lateral line system

the lateral line system

Which side of the baleen faces inside the mouth on a living whale? the bottom side the more fibrous side the smooth side the top side

the more fibrous side

White muscle tissue in fish is ________ and contains much ________ concentrations of myoglobin than red muscle tissue. thinner; higher thinner; lower thicker; lower thicker; higher

thicker; lower

The function of a swim bladder is: to assist the organism in steering with the currents. to increase the surface area of the organism to prevent sinking. to increase the density of the organism to keep it afloat. to prevent predators from eating the puffer fish. to allow a fish to change position in the water column.

to allow a fish to change position in the water column.

What is the role of the spermaceti in the sperm whale? to analyze sound reproduction to reflect sound to project sound out in front of the whale to focus and magnify sound

to focus and magnify sound

What is the role of the junk compartment in sperm whales? to magnify the sound that was produced by the monkey's muzzle and direct it toward the skull to dispose of excrement to reflect the sound from the monkey's muzzle to project the magnified sound that was reflected off the skull so that it is released out in front of the whale to store excess fat

to project the magnified sound that was reflected off the skull so that it is released out in front of the whale