OCE 1001 Chapter 3

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Abyssal clay is an example of which of the following sediment types?

"

Glacial deposits are an example of which of the following sediment types?

"

On average, at what ocean depth does calcite readily dissolve into seawater?

4500 meters (14,764 feet)

What would happen if the depth of the CCD were above the top of the mid-ocean ridge?

Calcareous ooze would not be found below the CCD

Sandstone is an example of which of the following sediment types?

Lithogenous Sediment

Shale is an example of which of the following sediment types?

Lithogenous Sediment

Terrigenous sediment is another name for which of the following?

Lithogenous Sediment

Turbidite deposits are an example of which of the following sediment types?

Lithogenous Sediment

The ancient remains of which of the following, buried before they could decompose, are the source of today's petroleum deposits?

Microscopic organisms

What percentage of the rocks exposed on the continents originated as sedimentary rocks deposited in ancient ocean environments?

More than fifty percent

Of the following, which energy resource(s) can be extracted from marine sediments?

Petroleum, Gas hydrate

Which of the following is the most advanced technology used to collect sediment samples from the deep ocean?

Rotary corer

Ocean sediments consist of particles that have slowly settled out of the water by which of the following the processes?

Suspension settling

What is calcareous ooze?

a fine-grained, deep ocean sediment containing the skeletal remains of calcite-secreting microbes

Sediments that are poorly sorted were most likely deposited by:

a glacier.

Which of the following are examples of pelagic sediments?

abyssal clay, volcanic dust, biogenic ooze

The most likely place to find abundant manganese nodules is on the:

abyssal plain far from a continent

What common household item is used in this video to demonstrate rotary drilling?

an apple corer

What factor primarily determines the distribution of radiolarian ooze?

areas of upwelling

Which of the following are examples of neritic sediments?

beach sand, evaporite deposits

The sea floor provides the largest reservoir of usable energy in the ocean, and likely the world, in the form of ______________.

clathrates

From smallest to largest, which list of sediment particle sizes is in the correct order?

clay, silt, sand, pebbles

What have oceanographers determined from analyzing sea floor cores?

climate change and past extinctions

Which sediment type dominates in the neritic environment?

coarse lithogenous sediment, such as sand and small rocks

Which of the following organisms thrive in cold surface waters?

diatoms, siliceous organism, radiolarians

Forams, which are composed of calcium carbonate, __________ above the CCD and __________ below the CCD.

do not dissolve; dissolve

A very important way to increase the settling rate of fine particles in the open ocean is via:

fecal pellots

The main energy resources associated with marine sediments are petroleum and ________.

gas hydrates

Sediments produced because of chemical reactions in seawater are called:

hydrogenous

What sediment type(s) is/are included in the pink category labeled "Other" on the map?

hydrogenous sediments cosmogenous sediments

High-energy environments are most likely to deposit which one of the following?

large particles such as gravel

Sediments derived from pre-existing rocks on land are called:

lithogenus

The type of marine sediment that forms the thickest deposits worldwide is:

neritic, lithogenous sediment deposits

Where on the ocean floor do abyssal clays develop?

on the deep-ocean floor, far from land

Marine sediments provide valuable clues about which of the following Earth history events?

past catastrophes, such as major extinction events the ancient geographical locations of ocean basins previous ocean circulation patterns the climate on Earth millions of years ago movement of the ocean floor

Why is this drilling process called rotary drilling?

Because the drill bit turns around in a circle.

Why does calcareous material dissolve below the CCD?

Below the CCD, weak acid is formed, which dissolves calcareous material.

Calcareous ooze is an example of which of the following sediment types?

Biogenous sediment

Siliceous ooze is an example of which of the following sediment types?

Biogenous sediment

Oolites are an example of which of the following sediment types?

Hydrogenous Sediment

The number of organisms present in the surface water above the ocean floor is called ________.

productivity

Neritic sediments are most likely to be composed of __________.

sand, silt, and gravel

What mechanism(s) is/are responsible for transporting clay to deep ocean basins?

slow-moving ocean currents wind

In the demonstration, what does the apple represent?

the deep sea floor

What is the calcite compensation depth, or CCD?

the ocean depth below which calcite is unstable and will dissolve quickly

What factor primarily controls the distribution of calcareous ooze?

water depth

Which of the following is a hollow steel tube with a heavy weight on top that is to collect sediment samples?

Gravity corer

Collecting adequate samples from which of the following is the most difficult?

The deep-ocean floor

Which of the following factors affect the distribution of biogenic oozes on the seafloor?

biological productivity,water depth,dissolution,seafloor spreading

Sediments with an extraterrestrial origin are called:

cosmogenous

Micrometeorites are an example of which of the following sediment types?

Cosmogenous Sediment

Rock salt (halite) is an example of which of the following sediment types?

"

What is the approximate depth of the calcite compensation depth (CCD) in the ocean?

3 miles (4.5 kilometers)

Which of the following are microscopic, single-celled floating algae that accumulate to form biogenous sediment?

Diatoms, Coccolithophores

Sediments produced by plants and animals in the sea are called:

biogenus

Which of the following sediments would you expect to find in a lagoon?

broken bits of coral, salt

Where might one find calcareous oozes on the seafloor?

buried beneath abyssal clay, along the crests of mid-ocean ridges, above the CCD, buried beneath siliceous oozes

Marine sediments that originate in the warm tropical surface ocean would create deposits in the deep sea composed primarily of ___________.

calcium carbonate

Which of the following contains the most organic carbon on Earth?

"

Of the following types of lithogenous sediment, which one(s) would you expect to find very far from the location of origin?

Volcanic ash, quartz silt

Why do some organisms thrive in warm surface waters?

Warm water is generally saturated in carbonate

Of the following sediments, which one(s) is/are considered hydrogenous?

coatings of metal sulfides near black smokers, manganese nodules

What three steps are required for calcareous ooze to exist below the CCD?

deposition of calcite shells above the CCD, cover of these shells by a non-calcareous material, and movement of the sea floor over millions of years

Which of the following natural gasses is most common in gas hydrates from under the ocean floor?

methane

Diatomaceous earth, which is composed of silica, __________ above the CCD and __________ below the CCD.

Does not dissolve; does not dissolve

Which sediment below cannot accumulate below the CCD?

calcareous tests


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