OCE 1001: Exam 2 (Chap. 4-7)

Which of the following are microscopic, single-celled floating algae that accumulate to form biogenous sediment?

-Coccolithophores -Diatoms

Match the term or person with the appropriate phrase. CCD

-Depth at which all calcium carbonate is in solution (i.e. dissolved)

Of the following sediments, which one(s) is/are considered hydrogenous?

-Manganese nodules -Coatings of metal sulfides near black smokers

Of the following environments, where would you expect to find large amounts of lithogenous sediment?

-On the continental shelf -In deep trenches not far offshore

Which of the following organisms are responsible for the creation of siliceous ooze?

-Radiolarians -Diatoms

Sediments that are poorly sorted were most likely deposited by:

A glacier

A. Siliceous Ooze B. Quartz Sand C. Rock Fragments D. Clay E. Volcanic Ash

A. Siliceous Ooze

Match the term or person with the appropriate phrase. ice rafting

Associated with glacial deposits

Match the term or person with the appropriate phrase. coccolithophores

Biogenous sediment

Marine sediments that originate in the warm tropical surface ocean would create deposits in the deep sea composed primarily of __________.

Calcium carbonate

You add sand, silt, and clay to a jar of water, shake the jar vigorously, and allow the sediment to settle. The resulting sediment will most closely resemble that of a(n) __________.

Continental rise

A. coccolithophores B. diatoms C. foraminiferans D. oolites E. radiolarians

D

All the following are examples of lithogenous sediment except

Diatom ooze

Calcareous ooze is found in cooler waters at depth around the world.

False

Sediments derived from weathered rock and volcanic activities are called biogenous sediments.

False

Match the term or person with the appropriate phrase. manganese nodules

Hydrogenous sediment

Marine sediment with more than 30% biogenous material is called __________.

Ooze

Match the term or person with the appropriate phrase. Wentworth Scale

Particle size classification

The most abundant mineral in lithogenous sediments is __________.

Quartz

Which of the following contains silica (SiO2)?

Radiolarians

Sediment samples from deep beneath the ocean floor are recovered by ______.

Rotary Drilling

What can you infer about the ocean environment from a core sample composed of the following layers: 1. siliceous ooze (youngest layer) 2. calcareous ooze 3. basalt rock (oldest layer)

The core was collected in a region of high surface productivity in water deeper than 4,500 meters.

Which of the following conditions allows for calcareous ooze to be found beneath the CCD?

The ooze accumulates above the CCD and then is covered before being transported to deeper depths by sea floor spreading.

What do manganese nodules, metal sulfides, and evaporites all have in common?

They all precipitate from water oversaturated in their respective minerals.

Calcareous shells generally will not accumulate on the ocean floor when the water depth exceeds about 4,500 meters (around 15,000 feet).

True

Organisms that live on the ocean floor may be responsible for keeping manganese nodules from being buried in the sediment.

True

Texture refers to the size and shape of sediment particles.

True

The organisms that contribute to biogenous sediment are chiefly algae and protozoans.

True

Match the term or person with the appropriate phrase. abyssal clay

lithogenous (terrigenous) sediment