OCE1001 Exam 4 Chapter 13

Which of the following are examples of consumers that exist in marine ecosystems? Choose all that apply. Bacteria Autotrophs Herbivores Carnivores Bacteriovores Omnivores

Herbivores Carnivores Bacteriovores Omnivores

For every 500,000 units of radiant energy that enter an ecosystem from the Sun, how many units are transferred all the way to the top producers? 1 100 10 10,000 1,000

1

What type of organisms utilize photosynthesis? Choose all that apply. heterotrophs autotrophs primary producers fish phytoplankton

autotrophs primary producers phytoplankton

Organisms which feed only on other animals are called ________. autotrophic bacteriovores carnivores herbivores omnivores

carnivores

Which of the following are members of trophic level 5? Choose all that apply. humans salmon phytoplankton orca whales tuna

humans orca whales

What type(s) of solar radiation hits/hit the sea surface? Choose all that apply. radio waves infrared visible light microwaves ultraviolet light

infrared visible light ultraviolet light

What is kinetic energy? energy of resting potential energy energy of metabolism energy of movement chemical energy

energy of movement

Overproduction of organic matter resulting in anoxic conditions is attributed to: Net Primary Productivity phototropism. autotrophication. eutrophication. photoperiodicity.

eutrophication.

Overfishing of large predatory sharks has unintentionally resulted in an __________. increase in the average size of current shark populations decrease in the population of cownose rays excessive macroalgal growth on coral reefs increase in scallop populations increase in the standing stock of the American lobster

excessive macroalgal growth on coral reefs

Baleen whales are an example of a heterotroph that feeds by ________ feeding. active predation deposit filter passive predation photosynthetic

filter

Barnacles are an example of a heterotroph that feeds by ________ feeding. active predation deposit filter passive predation photosynthetic

filter

What is bycatch? fish that die in the nets fish that are caught that are too small to sell fish that are caught in addition to the desired catch fish that are pregnant when they are harvested fish that cannot be eaten because their mercury levels are too high

fish that are caught in addition to the desired catch

Which ecosystem listed below is the most productive? freshwater swamps and marshes algae beds continental shelves tropical rainforests coral reefs

freshwater swamps and marshes

Which of the following has the shortest wavelength? radio waves X-rays gamma rays microwaves visible light

gamma rays

Typical units of photosynthetic production are in mass of carbon is ________ per unit of area m2 (square meter) per unit of time yr (year), which is abbreviated as gC/m2/yr. kilograms of carbon pounds of carbon ounces of carbon grams of carbon

grams of carbon

What is the standard unit that is used to measure productivity? grams of oxygen per square meter grams of chlorophyll per square meter per year grams of carbon per year grams of carbon per square meter per year grams of carbon per square meter

grams of carbon per square meter per year

Organisms which feed directly on plants or algae are called ________. autotrophic bacteriovores carnivores herbivores omnivores

herbivores

In the middle latitudes, the spring bloom is controlled by _____ and the fall bloom is controlled by _____. Sunlight and nutrients; sunlight sunlight; sunlight and nutrients sunlight; nutrients nutrients and sunlight; nutrients nutrients; nutrients

nutrients and sunlight; nutrients

Organisms which feed directly on plants, algae, and other animals are called ________. autotrophic bacteriovores carnivores herbivores omnivores

omnivores

Where is coastal upwelling prevalent in South America? on the east coast, off the shore of Argentina on the west coast, off the shore of Peru on the east coast, off the shore of Brazil on the north coast, off the shore of Colombia on the west coast, off the shore of southern Chile

on the west coast, off the shore of Peru

In the clearest ocean water, solar energy may be detected to depths of ________. 100 meters one to two kilometers one kilometer 20 meters two to three kilometers

one kilometer

Which ecosystem listed below is the least productive? zones of upwelling farms freshwater swamps and marshes continental shelves open ocean

open ocean

Which organisms contain chlorophyll? Choose all that apply. phytoplankton diatoms anchovies zooplankton tuna

phytoplankton diatoms

In general, the rate at which energy is stored by organisms through the formation of organic matter is called: compensation depth. upwelling. chlorophyll. primary productivity. biomass.

primary productivity

Productivity in middle latitude oceans is very low during ________, even though nutrient concentration is highest at this time. summer spring winter fall

winter

What percentage of sunlight is absorbed in the top meter of the ocean? 45% 84% 55% 10% 99%

55%

What is the chemical formula for sugar? C6H12O6 C3H6O3 H2O CO2 CHO

C6H12O6

How many tuna does it take to make one shark? 100 times the mass of the shark 1000 times the mass of the shark the mass of the shark 10 times the mass of the shark

10 times the mass of the shark

If 10,000 kilocalories (kcal) of energy were contained in the primary producers (trophic level 1), on average how many kcal of energy would you expect to be transferred to second-order consumers (trophic level 3)? 10 kcal 10,000 kcal 1 kcal 1,000 kcal 100 kcal

100 kcal

When nutrients are not limiting productivity, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen to phosphorus in the tissues of algae is in the proportion of ________ (C:N:P), which is called the Redfield ratio. 1:16:106 106:1:16 106:16:1 16:106:1

106:16:1

How much fish do humans harvest from the ocean each year? 100,000 pounds 10 million pounds 1,000 pounds 145 billion pounds 55 billion pounds

145 billion pounds

The average rate of primary production in the open ocean is 125 gC/m2/yr. In the most productive ecosystems such as algal beds and coral reefs, the average production is 2000 gC/m2/yr. How many years would it take to accumulate 2000 gC/m2 on the deep-sea floor in the open ocean? Less than 1 year 1.6 years 1600 years 160 years 16 years

1600 years

If primary photosynthetic productivity in a given area of the ocean is 300 g C/m2/yr, about how much organic matter is added to a square meter of the sea-floor sediments each year? 100 grams 1 gram 30 grams 3 grams 10 grams

3 grams

Due to concerns about mercury or other contaminants you should limit your consumption of all of the following except ________. Albacore Tuna Alaska Wild Salmon Orange Roughy Sharks Swordfish

Alaska Wild Salmon

Which ecosystem has the greatest average primary productivity? Estuaries Algae beds and coral reefs Upwelling zone Continental shelf

Algae beds and coral reefs

Although primary productivity in tropical areas is generally low, which of the following tropical locations have unusually high primary productivity rates? coral reefs coastal upwelling zones equatorial upwelling zones All the above tropical areas have relatively high primary productivity.

All the above tropical areas have relatively high primary productivity.

Why do waters become anoxic in a dead zone? The phytoplankton use up all of the oxygen in the water. There is too much oxygen in the water because of high concentrations of phytoplankton. Bacteria that decompose the dead algae use up all of the oxygen in the water. There is too much oxygen in the water because agricultural runoff pollutes the water. There are too many fish in the area.

Bacteria that decompose the dead algae use up all of the oxygen in the water.

In the biogeochemical cycling of matter in marine ecosystems, which process remineralizes nutrients back into the dissolved state? Grazing by herbivores Surface export of detritus Photosynthesis by algae and plants Upwelling Bacterial decomposition

Bacterial decomposition

The world's largest dead zone is in the ________, where a combination of agricultural runoff, deposition of nitrogen from burning fossil fuels, and human waste discharge has over-fertilized the sea. Baltic Sea Black Sea Red Sea Mediterranean Sea

Baltic Sea

If you are concerned about purchasing fish from health thriving fisheries, which of the following Tuna should you avoid? Yellowfin (US troll/pole) Bluefin Albacore (Canada & US Pacific, troll/pole) Bigeye (US farmed) Tongol (US farmed)

Bluefin

If you are concerned about purchasing fish from health thriving fisheries, which of the following should you avoid? Saberfish (Alaska & Canada) Black Cod (Alaska & Canada) Cod: Atlantic (Canada & United States) Cod: Pacific (US non-trawled) Arctic Char (farmed)

Cod: Atlantic (Canada & United States)

If you are concerned about purchasing fish from health thriving fisheries, which of the following should you avoid? Mussels (farmed) Crab: King (imported) Crab: StoneCrab: Dungeness Oysters (farmed)

Crab: King (imported)

Nutrient flow in an ecosystem is ________. 20) _____ A) top down B) cyclical C) unidirectional D) semi-conservative E) bi-directional

Cyclical

Of the following types of organisms, which are examples of microscopic algae? Choose all that apply. Diatoms Coccolithophores Kelp Krill Dinoflagellates

Diatoms Coccolithophores Dinoflagellates

Which of the following often wind up as bycatch because fishers commonly used them to locate tuna? Dolphins Turtles Rays Sharks Birds

Dolphins

Which of the following is NOT a known coastal upwelling area? Eastern coast of the US Western coast of the US Western coast of Australia Southwestern tip of Africa

Eastern coast of the US

Which of the following toxins is responsible for paralytic shellfish poisoning in humans? Dioxin Gonyaulax Mercury Ciguatera Karenia

Gonyaulax

In the Northern Hemisphere, when does the phytoplankton biomass peak in the polar region? Why? In the Northern Hemisphere near the pole, phytoplankton biomass peaks in the spring when the temperature is high enough to melt all the sea ice. In the Northern Hemisphere near the pole, phytoplankton biomass peaks in the spring when the sun is high enough in the sky for sunlight to penetrate deep into the water and again in the fall when tides bring nutrients to the surface. In the Northern Hemisphere near the pole, phytoplankton biomass peaks in the spring when nutrients are delivered to the area by surface currents. In the Northern Hemisphere near the pole, phytoplankton biomass peaks in the spring when the sun is high enough in the sky for sunlight to penetrate deep into the water. In the Northern Hemisphere near the pole, phytoplankton biomass peaks in the spring and again in the fall when the water temperature is between 40 and 50 degrees Celsius.

In the Northern Hemisphere near the pole, phytoplankton biomass peaks in the spring when the sun is high enough in the sky for sunlight to penetrate deep into the water.

Why does coastal upwelling lead to high biological productivity? It provides a current for phytoplankton to move up in the water column from the deep ocean. It brings carbonate ions to the surface. It brings warm, nutrient-rich water to the surface, where phytoplankton reside. It brings cold, nutrient-rich water to the surface, where phytoplankton reside. It provides a current for fish to move up in the water column to devour the phytoplankton on the surface.

It brings cold, nutrient-rich water to the surface, where phytoplankton reside.

What characteristic of most of the tropical open oceans is directly responsible for the low photosynthetic productivity in these waters? Low nutrient concentrations Frequent upwelling Low chlorophyll concentrations Increased scattering of blue light Abundant sunlight

Low nutrient concentrations

If you are concerned about purchasing fish from health thriving fisheries, which of the following should you avoid? Cod: Pacific (US non-trawled) Striped Bass (farmed & wild) Catfish (US farmed) Salmon (Alaska wild) Mahi mahi (imported longline)

Mahi mahi (imported longline)

Which is the largest river in North America, responsible for the large dead zone that forms each summer in the Gulf of Mexico? Columbia River Arkansas River Amazon River Missouri River Mississippi River

Mississippi River

Which ecosystem has the lowest average primary productivity? Estuaries Continental shelf Open ocean Upwelling zone

Open Ocean

Which of the following is NOT on the avoid for now as these items are caught or farmed in a way that harm other marine life or the environment? Oysters Monkfish Sharks Bluefin tuna

Oysters

Of the following types of organisms, which one occupies the lowest trophic level in a marine food web? Zooplankton Marine worms Blue whales Photosynthetic bacteria Burrowing clams Large nekton

Photosynthetic bacteria

Many of the organisms responsible for toxic red tides and paralytic shellfish poisoning belong to the Division: Chlorophyta. Rhodophyta. Bacillariophyta. Phaeophyta. Pyrrophyta.

Pyrrophyta.

What is the correct ordering of the color wavelengths on the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum? ROYVBG ROYBGV ROYVGB ROYGBV

ROYGBV

Which of the following types of algae is the most abundant and widespread of the marine macroscopic algae? Brown algae Green algae Purple algae Red Algae Yellow algae

Red Algae

Which of the following is not a problem currently facing fisheries management? Fisheries often encompass the waters of many different countries. That fishing limits are difficult to enforce internationally Restrictions on the number of new fishing vessels The environmental degradation of many ecosystems Inadequate guidance for minimally regulated new fisheries

Restrictions on the number of new fishing vessels

The most abundant marine macroscopic algae are members of the Division: Chlorophyta. Chrysophyta. Phaeophyta. Rhodophyta. Bacillariophyta.

Rhodophyta.

Which feeding strategy is when organisms use specially designed structures to filter plankton from seawater? Deposit feeding Omnivorous feeding Suspension feeding Carnivorous feeding

Suspension Feeding

Of the following locations, where would you expect to find the highest annual phytoplankton productivity? The tropical open ocean Low-latitude waters Temperate waters The polar open ocean High-latitude coastal waters

Temperate waters

The shape of the biomass pyramid illustrates that: The population of top predators is not dependent on the population of primary producers. There are many more large organisms than small organisms in the ocean. There are the same number of small and large organisms in the ocean. There are many more mid-trophic-level organisms than low-trophic-level organisms in the ocean. There are many more small organisms than large organisms in the ocean.

There are many more small organisms than large organisms in the ocean.

Why are algae beds, coral reefs, and tropical rainforests so productive? They have ample access to sunlight and recycle nutrients efficiently. They are located in areas with high concentrations of pollinating insects that enhance primary productivity. Primary producers in these areas have few predators. They are minimally affected by human activities. They are located near warm ocean currents that provide the primary producers with nutrients.

They have ample access to sunlight and recycle nutrients efficiently.

How do plants and animals gain the energy needed to carry out cellular functions? They utilize photosynthesis. They utilize the energy in sugar. They utilize the energy in carbon dioxide. They utilize respiration.

They utilize the energy in sugar.

Why does coastal upwelling occur on the west coast of many continents? This is where Ekman transport moves water to the right of wind direction. This is where Ekman transport moves water to the left of wind direction. More nutrients are added to the ocean along the shorelines due to human habitation. This is where wind direction forces surface water toward the shore. This is where wind direction forces surface water away from the shore.

This is where wind direction forces surface water away from the shore.

Which of the following characteristics causes tropical oceans to have a constant, low level of productivity year round? Tropical oceans have a constant low level of productivity due to equatorial upwelling. Tropical oceans have a constant low level of productivity due to the high influx of fresh water due to rain. Tropical oceans have a constant low level of productivity due to low salinity. Tropical oceans have a constant low level of productivity due to the presence of a permanent thermocline.

Tropical oceans have a constant low level of productivity due to the presence of a permanent thermocline.

Sensors in the human eye are most efficient at detecting which of the following types or radiation? Infrared Radiation Ultraviolet Radiation Gamma Rays Visible Light Microwaves

Visible Light

Which of the following types of radiation is used to create images of the internal composition of something because it is able to pass through many materials opaque to light? Ultraviolet Radiation Gamma Rays X-rays Infrared Radiation Cosmic Rays

X-rays

Is overfishing really a problem? No. Humans are not very efficient at removing fish from the sea. Yes. 50% of fish and 75% of top predators are currently being harvested at rates that are unsustainable. Yes. Over 80% of fish and 90% of top predators are currently being harvested at rates that are unsustainable. Yes. 10% of fish and 50% of top predators are currently being harvested at rates that are unsustainable. No. There are plenty of fish in the sea.

Yes. Over 80% of fish and 90% of top predators are currently being harvested at rates that are unsustainable.

Which of the following feeds closest to the primary producing population? Mako shark Humans Anchovy Tuna Zooplankton

Zooplankton

Sharks are an example of a heterotroph that feeds by ________ feeding. active predation deposit filter passive predation photosynthetic

active predation

The sand star Astropectean is an example of a heterotroph that feeds by ________ feeding. active predation deposit filter passive predation photosynthetic

active predation

Algae, plants, archaea, and photosynthetic bacteria are examples of ________ organisms. consumer siliceous autotrophic decomposer heterotrophic

autotrophic

Primary producers are also known as which of the following? herbivores autotrophs copepods cnidarians heterotrophs

autotrophs

Organisms which feed only on bacteria are called ________. autotrophic bacteriovores carnivores herbivores omnivores

bacteriovores

If you were able to scuba dive to a depth of 100 meters (328 feet) and take a look around without a flashlight, what color would dominate your surroundings? blue red You would see colors spanning the entire rainbow. yellow orange

blue

In middle latitude (temperate) oceans, primary productivity is limited by ________. available sunlight only both available sunlight and nutrient supply nutrient supply only salinity water temperature

both available sunlight and nutrient supply

How would a red fish appear to the human eye at a water depth of 15 meters (49.2 feet)? black orange blue red brown

brown

Primary productivity data of the oceans is collected using satellites which measure ________. temperature color oxygen radioactivity biomass

color

Bacteriovores, carnivores, herbivores, and omnivores are types of ________ organisms. siliceous producer decomposer autotrophic consumer

consumer

Organisms within an ecosystem that break down dead and decaying remains and waste products of organisms for their own energy requirements are called ________. decomposers heterotrophic producers consumers animals

decomposers

When compared to coastal regions, solar energy extends ________ into the water column and concentrations of nutrients are ________ in the open ocean. deeper; greater less; lower deeper; lower less; greater

deeper; lower

Orchestoidea is an example of a heterotroph that feeds by ________ feeding. active predation deposit filter passive predation photosynthetic

deposit

What is the feeding strategy of an amphipod? deposit feeders carnivorous feeders primary consumers primary producers filter feeders

deposit feeders

Important marine autotrophs that have silica incorporated into their cell walls are: cyanobacteria. diatoms. dinoflagellates. radiolarians. coccolithophorids.

diatoms

Paralytic shellfish poisoning is caused by a neurotoxin produced by _____. radiolarians coccolithophores cyanobacteria dinoflagellates diatoms

dinoflagellates

Which of the following are primary producers? Choose all that apply. dinoflagellates coccolithophores diatoms krill copepods

dinoflagellates coccolithophores diatoms

The number of dead zones has ________ every decade from the1960s into the twenty-first century. tripled increased ten-fold quintupled doubled quadrupled

doubled

In the ongoing processes of photosynthesis, respiration, and decomposition in the ocean, all components are recycled except __________. oxygen carbon dioxide energy water nutrients

energy

Productivity in polar oceans is: oxygen-limited. light and nutrient-limited. nutrient and oxygen-limited. nutrient-limited. light-limited.

light-limited.

The maximum fishery biomass that can be removed yearly while still sustaining the population is the __________. commercial fishing limit sustainable bycatch yield standing stock maximum sustainable yield (MSY) maximum economic harvest

maximum sustainable yield (MSY)

With the depletion of fish stocks in coastal waters, more fishing is being conducted in deeper waters. Deep-water species are becoming endangered at a rapid rate, primarily because __________. deep-water fishing gear is more efficient and takes a higher percentage of the fish population fisheries management agencies have become more aggressive in placing species on the endangered list deep-water fishes taste better and are in higher demand governments target deep-water species when they subsidize their fishing industries most deep-water organisms have lower metabolic rates; therefore, they grow, mature, and reproduce at a slower rate

most deep-water organisms have lower metabolic rates; therefore, they grow, mature, and reproduce at a slower rate

The term bycatch or incidental catch refers to ________. 28) _____ A) krill and other shellfish B) species raised in aquaculture settings C) species caught as part of traditional fisheries D) non-target species that are caught along with commercial species E) species harvested for industrial purposes

non-target species that are caught along with commercial species.

The flow of energy through a biotic community is ________. cyclic and unidirectional noncyclic and unidirectional noncyclic and multidirectional cyclic and multidirectional

noncyclic and unidirectional

In temperate oceans of the northern hemisphere during the winter months: nutrient concentrations are high, solar input is low, and water temperatures decrease. nutrient concentrations are low, solar input is high, and water temperatures decrease. nutrient concentrations are high, solar input is high, and water temperatures increase. nutrient concentrations are low, solar input is low, and water temperatures decrease. nutrient concentrations are high, solar input is high, and water temperatures decrease.

nutrient concentrations are high, solar input is low, and water temperatures decrease.

In temperate oceans of the northern hemisphere during the summer months: nutrient concentrations are high, solar input is low, and dissolved oxygen decreases. nutrient concentrations are low, solar input is high, and dissolved oxygen decreases. nutrient concentrations are high, solar input is high, and dissolved oxygen increases. nutrient concentrations are high, solar input is high, and dissolved oxygen decreases. nutrient concentrations are low, solar input is high, and dissolved oxygen increases.

nutrient concentrations are low, solar input is high, and dissolved oxygen decreases.

Productivity in tropical oceans is generally: oxygen-limited. nutrient and oxygen-limited. light-limited. light and nutrient-limited. nutrient-limited.

nutrient limited

In dead zones resulting from eutrophication, animal life is absent due to the lack of __________. light phosphates carbon dioxide oxygen nitrates

oxygen

What are the reaction products of photosynthesis? sugar and sunlight water and carbon dioxide gas nitrogen gas and sugar oxygen gas and carbon dioxide gas oxygen gas and sugar

oxygen gas and sugar

Sea anemone are an example of a heterotroph that feeds by ________ feeding. filter deposit photosynthetic passive predation active predation

passive predation

The process by which energy derived from solar radiation is used by certain organisms to form organic matter is called: visible light. upwelling. biomass. photosynthesis. chemosynthesis.

photosynthesis

Which of the following is in trophic level 1? zooplankton humans tuna orca whales phytoplankton

phytoplankton

Modification of ________ have reduced dolphin mortality as bycatch. lobster traps purse seine nets gill nets long lines drift nets

purse seine nets

The color of light most readily absorbed by water is _____. green yellow blue red violet

red

Catches above the maximum sustainable yield ________. 27) _____ A) result in overfishing B) can be increased to prevent overfishing C) result in increased populations of the target species D) produce decreased fishing effort E) result in underutilization of the target species

result in overfishing

Which of the following are primary carnivores? Choose all that apply. small shrimp sardines herring larval forms of barnacles diatoms

sardines herring

How do scientists study phytoplankton concentrations in the world ocean? satellite images that capture nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations in the surface ocean scuba diving to collect water samples in the deep ocean satellite images that capture chlorophyll concentrations in the surface ocean satellite images that capture whale movements in the surface ocean Secchi disks

satellite images that capture chlorophyll concentrations in the surface ocean

Which of the following commonly become bycatch? Choose all that apply. sharks small fish such as sardines and anchovies apex predator fish such as tuna and salmon dolphins, turtles, and birds crabs and lobsters

sharks dolphins, turtles, and birds

Which of the following are targeted by trawl nets? Choose all that apply. shrimp cod flounder salmon tuna

shrimp cod flounder

Diatom tests are composed of opaline ________. calcite phosphorus aragonite silica

silica

The mass of a population of fish present at a given time is called its: diversity. maximum sustainable yield. recruitment mass. standing stock. fish stock.

standing stock.

In polar oceans, productivity peaks during the ________ and is limited by sunlight during the rest of the year. winter fall summer spring

summer

The relative productivity in the world's oceans from most productive to least productive is: temperate waters, tropical waters, polar waters. temperate waters, polar waters, tropical waters. polar waters, tropical waters, temperate waters. tropical waters, temperate waters, polar waters. polar waters, temperate waters, tropical waters.

temperate waters, polar waters, tropical waters.

The recent abundance of the Maine Lobster in the North Atlantic Ocean is due to ________. limiting fishing to one month a year an on-shore breeding program the overfishing of cod human-induced climate change a lobster fishing moratorium

the overfishing of cod

In primary production: oxygen is utilized by plants. carbon dioxide is released into the water. proteins are made by animals. oxygen utilized by animals is less than the oxygen consumed by autotrophs. there is a net gain in organic carbon by organisms.

there is a net gain in organic carbon by organisms.

Tropical shelves and ________ contribute about the same percentage to the world marine fishery. coral reefs coastal systems nontropical shelves the open ocean upwellings

upwellings

A fact regarding photosynthesis is that __________. photosynthesis is another term for respiration nitrogen and sulfuric acid are converted to water and sulfur dioxide all carbon-based organisms photosynthesize photosynthesis can occur in the absence of light water and carbon dioxide are converted to oxygen gas and sugar

water and carbon dioxide are converted to oxygen gas and sugar

What are the reaction products of respiration? oxygen gas and carbon dioxide gas sugar and energy oxygen gas and sugar water and carbon dioxide gas nitrogen gas and oxygen gas

water and carbon dioxide gas

Highly productive areas of coastal upwelling are found along the ________ margins of continents, where surface currents are moving ________ the equator. western; toward eastern; toward western; away from eastern; away from

western; toward

When does eutrophication occur? when there is excess oxygen in the water when there is not enough primary productivity when upwelling creates high productivity when there are not enough nutrients in the water when there are excess nutrients in the water

when there are excess nutrients in the water

When will coastal upwelling occur in the Northern Hemisphere? when it is raining and river discharge is maximized when a sea breeze blows onto land when winds blow from the south, parallel to shore when winds blow from the north, parallel to shore when a strong high pressure system is in place

when winds blow from the north, parallel to shore

Where are dead zones more likely to develop? where abundant rain floods the ocean with freshwater where large rivers discharge into the ocean where river draining areas with high human population densities discharge into the ocean anywhere in the Southern Hemisphere where rivers with acidic water discharge into the ocean

where river draining areas with high human population densities discharge into the ocean

How might the development of dead zones be controlled? Choose all that apply. with enhanced sewage treatment by planting trees and grasses through preservation of wetlands by controlling the runoff of nutrients from agricultural lands by adding more nutrients to the water

with enhanced sewage treatment by planting trees and grasses through preservation of wetlands by controlling the runoff of nutrients from agricultural lands

Blue whales time their migration through middle latitude and polar oceans to coincide with maximum ________ productivity. phytoplankton dinoflagellate zooplankton primary photosynthetic bacteria

zooplankton

Which of the following are first-level consumers? Choose all that apply. sardines phytoplankton salmon zooplankton herbivores

zooplankton herbivores