Oceanography chapter 13
16. Phytoplankton and Archaeans are able to make their own food by photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. What term best describes these organisms in terms of feeding relationships?
Autotrophs - because they make their own food
7. What is diffusion, active transport, osmosis?
Diffusion - the movement driven by heat - of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration Osmosis is diffusion of water through a membrane Active transport is the movement of molecules from a region of low concentration through a semipermeable membrane at the expense of energy.
12. A salmon migrates from the ocean to freshwater rivers to spawn. With respect to tonicity what best describes what type of environment the salmon moves from and to
Hypertonic and hypotonic
5. What is a heterotroph? Autotroph?
Photosynthetic and chemosynthetic organisms can be called either primary producers or autotrophs because they make their own food Heterotrophs are organisms such as animals that must consume food from other organisms because they are unable to synthesize their own food molecules
15. Copepods eat phytoplankton. What term best describes the copepod in terms of feeding relationships?
Primary consumers
13. At the base of the food chain are primary producers. If there were 10,000 kg of primary producers, how much energy would be transferred to primary consumers? Secondary?
Primary consumers 1000 kg and secondary 100kg
14. If a fish had an internal solute concentration of 18 ppt and was in the ocean, how would you describe the environment with respect to the fish?
The fish is hypotonic since the ocean water is 32 ppt it has less solutes than the ocean does which causes water to retain trying to balance the salt it's retaining
11. You purchase a marine fish from the aquarium store and unknowingly place that fish in your freshwater tank. In terms of osmosis what is happening with respect to the water and the fish on a cellular level?
The fish will swell up as the water moves from a higher concentration to a lower (inside the fish) move through its cell membranes
1. What is the Photic zone/ Euphotic zone, disphotic zone and aphotic zone?
The photic is the uppermost layer of seawater lit by the sun Euphotic zone is where most of the biological productivity of the ocean occurs in the upper part of the photic zone. Disphotic zone is below the Euphotic zone (and still in the photic zone) Aphotic zone - the permanently dark layer of seawater beneath the photic zone -extends below the sunlit surface to the seabed.
10. Distinguishing between living and non-living things can be tricky. In general, if something is living it has the ability to do what?
To reproduce
3. What is a model that describes who eats whom and shows that only 10% of the energy is transmitted from one level to the next?
Tropic pyramid
9. What is it that unifies all life on earth?
We are all carbon based life froms
8. In the absence of sunlight, how do hydrothermal vent communities capture energy and convert inorganic molecules into glucose molecules?
chemosynthesis
4. What zone with respect to light would phytoplankton such as diatoms be most productive with respect to photosynthesis?
euphotic zone
2. What is the most accurate term for the feeding relationships among organisms living in the ocean?
food web
6. What process is the main method of binding energy into carbohydrates on the planet?
photosynthesis
