Oceanography chapter 14

Cruising fishes such as tuna have all the following characteristics:

-They are capable of short periods of high-speed swimming. -They tend to have lunate tails. -Their muscle tissues are mostly red -They swim constantly in search of prey.

Schooling behavior, as depicted in the figure, benefits the organisms involved because it:

-makes the group of fish appear as one large unit. -reduces the mortality rate for individuals within the school. -confuses predators by constantly changing positions of the fish within the school. -reduces the probability that a predator will locate the prey species.

Please identify the word and/or phrase that does NOT fit the pattern. A. arrow worm B. copepod C. ctenophore D. jellyfish E. salp

B

What does not belong? A. blubber B. collapsible ribs C. gas bladder D. spines E. swim bladder

B

lease identify the word and/or phrase that does NOT fit the pattern. A. blue B. gray C. killer D. minke E. sei

C

Please identify the word and/or phrase that does NOT fit the pattern. A. anal B. caudal C. dorsal D. pelvic E. ventral

E

What does not belong?

E

Poikilothermic organisms can regulate their internal body temperature.

False

Why did the International Whaling Commission (IWC) invoke a ban on commercial whaling? What three ways exist to legally hunt whales and which countries are involved?

In response to overhunting and population collapses, the International Whaling Commission (IWC) was established in 1946 to manage the commercial and subsistence hunting of large whales. In 1986, the 72 member nations of the IWC passed a ban on commercial whaling to allow for whale species such as the right, blue, bowhead, and humpback whales to recover from overhunting. Legal hunting of whales is still permissible in three ways. First, some nations such as Norway continue to hunt whales under an objection to the IWC ban. Second, some countries such as Japan permit the killing of whales for scientific purposes. Finally, some countries such as Greenland and Russia permit subsistence whaling by native cultures to satisfy the nutritional needs of the community.

Match the organism with the correct taxonomic classification. fur seal

Order Carnivora

Match the organism with the correct taxonomic classification. walrus

Order Carnivora

Match the organism with the correct taxonomic classification. gray whale

Order Cetacea, Suborder Mysticeti

Match the organism with the correct taxonomic classification. bottlenose dolphin

Order Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti

Match the organism with the correct taxonomic classification. killer whale

Order Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti

Match the organism with the correct taxonomic classification. sperm whale

Order Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti

Match the organism with the correct taxonomic classification. manatee

Order Sirenia

Discuss the adaptations used by marine organisms to prevent sinking.

Organisms vary in their adaptations to stay afloat. Some organisms use gas chambers to release gases less dense than sea water to increase their buoyancy. They use rigid gas chambers or swim bladders to control the use of such gases. Other animals use their ability to float to avoid sinking. Animals that are able to float have body compostitions that enable floating through tests and low density bodies. Large animals swim to stay afloat.

A symbiotic relationship in which both participants benefit is called commensalism

false

One adaptation for deep diving in marine mammals is an increase in heart rate during the dive.

false

Radiolarians and coccolithophorids are examples of zooplankton.

false

Sharks have lunate caudal fins.

false

Strategies for staying afloat in pelagic environments include a swim bladder, increased body fat and increased body density.

false

The Odontoceti or toothed whales include the humpback, the gray, and the sperm whales.

false

The migratory routes of many commercially important baleen whales are poorly known.

false

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape. goatfish

forked caudal fin

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape. herring

forked caudal fin

Sea lions are easily distinguished from seals because they:

have external ears

The shape of the caudal fin of a shark is referred to as:

heterocercal

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape. tiger shark

heterocercal caudal fin

The caudal fin shape that is asymmetrical, with most of the mass in the upper lobe, is a:

heterocercal fin.

Organisms such as a mackerel sharks and tunas that can maintain a relatively constant body temperature are referred to as:

homeothermic

Cruisers are thought to have relatively high body temperature because

it increases the power output of muscle tissue

Which of the following is a member of the Phylum Cnidaria?

jellyfish

Pick the pair which does not fit the pattern

krill-whale

All the following are adaptations deep-sea fishes except:

large body size

The caudal fin of fast-cruising fish such as tuna is:

lunate

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape. bluefin tuna

lunate caudal fin

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape. Blue Marlin

lunate caudal fin

Identify the mismatched pair.

manatee- Cetacea

The gray whale and other baleen whales migrate every year to:

mate and give birth in the tropics during the winter

Which set of fins is used for turning and braking?

pectoral and pelvic

An organism such as a fish whose body temperature is nearly the same as the environment is referred to as:

poikilothermic

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape. flounder

rounded caudal fin

All the following are baleen whales except

sperm whales

All the following are characteristics of mammals (Class Mammalia) except:

they lay eggs

The function of a swim bladder is:

to allow a fish to change position in the water column.

Krill, cnidarians, and arrow worms are macroscopic zooplankton.

true

Many cetaceans can extract almost 90% of the oxygen from each breath.

true

Muscles used in locomotion and found along the sides of fish are called myomeres.

true

Photophores are cells found in bioluminescent organisms that may contain bioluminescent bacteria and the pigment luciferin.

true

The California gray whale is unusual because it stirs up bottom sediment in order to feed.

true

We currently believe that all marine mammals evolved from land-dwelling mammals.

true

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape. gray angelfish

truncate caudal fin

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape. salmon

truncate caudal fin

An example of a "cruiser" is a:

tuna

Bioluminescence is employed by deep-sea animals for all the following reasons except:

warning coloration

The muscle tissue of a "lunger" is predominantly:

white

Which of the following is not a member of the Order Carnivora?

Sperm whales

Identify the mismatched pair.

Squid- Annelid

Red muscle tissue is abundant in cruisers, while white muscle tissue is abundant in lungers.

True

All the following are adaptations to staying above the ocean floor except :

a. ability to float. b. rigid gas containers. c. production of low-density fats or oils d. swim bladders. E. All the above are correct.E

Which set of fins is used as stabilizers?

anal and dorsal

Sea Otters:

are small mammals with dense fur and lack an insulating blubber layer

Which of the following is not an adaptation for deep diving in Cetaceans?

blood flow is shifted from the brain to the extremities

Which of the following affect the ability of species to capture food?

body length, circulatory system, body temperature, speed

Which fin(s) is/are most commonly used for moving fast?

caudal

Microscopic, shrimplike animals that have a hard exoskeleton that can be either herbivorous, carnivorous, or parasitic are called:

copepods