Oceanography Chapter 15 Homework
Some of the more common fauna of sediment-covered shores include bivalve mollusks, annelid worms, and crustaceans
True
Strong algal holdfasts prevent wave shock from washing macroalgae form the rocks in the upper intertidal zone.
True
The temperature of the ocean water has a significant effect on species diversity of benthic communities
True
Recent studies indicate that the deep biosphere, an environment that exists within the seafloor itself, may account for up to _____ of Earth's total bacterial biomass.
Two-thirds
The most successful adaptation for living on a sediment-covered shore is:
burrowing into the sediment
The subtidal rocky bottom zone along temperate shorelines is dominated by:
kelp
Which of the following is a threat to coral reef survival?
All of the above
Hypersaline seep communities rely on photosynthesis
False
Nearly all of the larger organisms that inhabit sediment-covered shores are epifauna organisms.
False
The eastern side of an ocean basin tends to have a greater diversity of reef building corals than the western side.
False
The increase in the number of crown-of-thorn sea stars has been strongly linked to human activities
False
The supratidal zone of the rocky shore is the area between the highest high tide and the lowest low tide.
False
Zooxanthellae are important members of hydrothermal vent communities.
False
Organic matter decomposes most slowly in ______.
Mud flats
The relationship between the protistan Zooxanthellae and the polyps of reef building corals is best described as a:
Mutualistic symbiosis
A predatory echinoderm that lives and feeds below the sediment surface is the ______.
Sand star
An important predator of mussel beds in the middle tidal zone is the _____.
Sea star
Coral reefs contain 25% of all known marine species
True
Epifauna are those organisms that are either permanently attached to the bottom or move over it.
True
Meiofauna are small organisms that live between sediment particles on sandy beaches.
True
Sewage discharge and fertilizer runoff is detrimental to coral growth because it increases the:
amount of inorganic nutrients in the water that stimulates excessive legal growth
The primary producers in chemosynthetic vent communities are _____
archaea
Zooxanthellae are autotrophic marine protists that are found in the living tissue of some simple marine invertebrates such as corals, sea anemones, and jellyfish. Zooanthellae are:
dinoflagellates
Match the organism with the appropriate zone: Hermit crab
middle tide zone, tide pool
The organism posing the greatest threat to the kelp forest is the _____
sea urchin
The three varieties of seeps on the seafloor include hypersaline, hydrocarbon and
subduction zone seeps
Primary producers in hydrothermal vent communities are:
sulfer-oxidizing archaea
The amount of life on the ocean floor depends primarily on:
the productivity of the surface above it
Species diversity is highest in coral reef communities
true