Oceanography exam 4-6
In the troposphere, air temperatures
decrease with increasing altitude
The density curve for high latitudes shows ________ density at the surface and ________ density at depth.
decreased, increased
As the salinity of water increases, its:
density increases
the dissolution of the thick tests of foraminifers below the CCD is an example of the ___ of biogenous sediments
destruction
which of the following is a biogenous sediment?
diatom ooze
idealized pressure belts and wind systems are significantly modified by earths tilted axis of rotation and:
differences in the heat capacities of the ocean and land
the deposition of coarse-grained lithogenous material in neritic environments along continental margins is an example of the ___ of biogneous sediments
dilution
which of the following best describes hydrogen bonding?
electrostatic attraction between charged areas of adjacent molecules
a boundary or belt characterized by light, variable winds, abundant cloudiness and much precipitation occurs of the following regions?
equatorial (0 to 5 degrees)
the doldrums occur in which of the following regions?
equatorial (0 to 5 degrees)
the study of how ocean, atmosphere, and land have interactions in the past to produce changes in ocean chemistry, circulation, biology, and climate is called:
paleoceanography
the term referring to the size and shape of sediment particles is:
texture
As a result of the Coriolis effect in the northern hemisphere, winds always are deflected:
to the right of their original direction
low latitude wind belts with strong, reliable, generally easterly winds are the:
trade winds
the oceanic climate region where the majority of strong tropical cyclonic storms are produced is:
tropical
the coriolis effect is due to changes in the ___ of earth with latitude
velocity
which of the following statements about the movement of earths atmosphere is correct?
warm air is denser than cool air so it tends to sink towards the earths surface
which of the following parcels of air would have the lowest density?
warm moist air
The air surrounding of the eye of the hurricane is ________ air moving ________.
warm moist; upward
Calcite dissolves more readily in seawater that is ________ in temperature and ________ in pressure.
warmer; lower
the atmospheric high-pressure cells over north america in the map suggest that the atmospheric patterns shown most likely represent which season for the northern hemisphere?
winter
earths axis of rotation is tilted at an angle of:
23.5 degrees
sea surface salinity is greater at which of the following latitudes?
25 degrees
the average salinity of typical seawater is:
3.5%
the major deserts of the world occur in which of the following regions?
30 degrees
a boundary or belt characterized by winds generally from the west and brings storms that influence weather across the united states occurs in which of the following regions?
30 to 60 degrees
a boundary or belt characterized by cold, dry winds generally from the east, occurs in which of the following regions?
60 degrees
The doldrums refer to the same region as the:
Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone
which of the following best defines temperature?
The direct measure of the average kinetic energy of a substance's molecules.
which of the following best defines heat?
The energy transfer from one body to another due to a difference in temperature
Low-pressure regions in the northern hemisphere rotate:
counterclockwise
which of the following will cause the highest air pressure at the surface?
a column of warm, less dense air
sediments that are poorly sorted were most likely deposited by:
a glacier
Winds blowing out of the north toward the south in the southern hemisphere will appear to:
be deflected toward the east
sediments produced by plants and animals in the sea are called:
biogenous
latent heat is the quality of heat gained or lost as a substance undergoes a:
change in state
the apparent deflection of air masses to the right or left (depending on latitude) as they move from one latitude to another is called the:
coriolis effect
Sediments with an extraterrestrial origin are called:
cosmogenous
of all the following processes which one increases the salinity of water?
evaporation
which of the following contains calcium carbonate (CaCO3)?
foraminiferans
which of the following occurs at the same temperatures as the boiling point?
freezing point
The intensity of solar radiation received at lower latitudes (near the equator) compared to higher latitudes (near the poles) is:
greater
what is the expected calcium carbonate content in modern surface sediments at a latitude of 0 degrees and a longitude of 120 degrees west?
greater than 80% by weight
what is the expected calcium carbonate content in modern surface sediments at a latitude of 20 degrees and a longitude of 20 degrees west?
greater than 80% by weight
A layer of rapidly changing salinity with depth is called a:
halocline
which property of water causes coastal communities to have only moderate differences in daily highs and lows when compared to inland communities?
high heat capacity
When ice forms from seawater, the remaining seawater will have a:
higher salinity
in comparison to most other liquids, heat capacity of liquid water is:
higher than other liquids
the transfer of water between the atmosphere, the oceans, and the continents is known as the:
hydrobiological cycle
Sediments produced because of chemical reactions in seawater are called:
hydrogenous
in coastal regions, sea breezes happen ___ and land breezes happen ___
in the afternoon; at night
the salinity curve for low latitudes shows ________ density at the surface and ________ density at depth.
increased, decreased
Many of the unique properties of water are attributed to the fact that water:
is a polar molecule
the surface tension of water:
is relatively high
a beaker contains a mixture of ice and pure liquid water at 0 degrees celsius. what happens to the temperature of the liquid water as heat is added?
it remains constant until the ice melts, and then it begins to rise
High-energy environments are most likely to deposit which one of the following?
large particles such as gravel
the strength of a hurricane stems from water's:
latent heat of condensation
Pelagic clays contain lots of material that settles to the seafloor through the water column and are:
less than 30% biogenous material
what is the expected calcium carbonate content in modern surface sediments at a latitude of 0 degrees and a longitude of 160 degrees west?
less than 50% by weight
sediments that begins as rocks on continents or islands is called:
lithogenous (terrigenous) sediments
Abyssal clay is an example of which of the following sediment types?
lithogenous sediment
Turbidite deposits are an example of which of the following sediment types?
lithogenous sediment
glacial deposits are an example of which of the following sediment types?
lithogenous sediments
terrigenous sediments is another name for which of the following?
lithogenous sediments
calcium carbonate is most likely to dissolve in water with which characteristics?
lots of carbon dioxide and warmer temperatures
which of the following surface seawater salinity conditions would you predict for the following location? Latitude: 60 degrees north Longitude: 20 degrees west
low surface seawater salinity due to precipitation
what percentage of the rocks exposed on the continents as sedimentary rocks deposited in ancient ocean environments?
more than fifty percent
Sediments found on continental margins are called:
neritic
the type of marine sediment that forms the thickest deposits worldwide is:
neritic, lithogenous sediment deposits
a rapid change in ocean temperature with a change in depth occurs in the:
thermocline
a person experiences a popping feeling in their ears during the takeoff or landing of an airplane or while driving on steep mountain roads due to changes in the ___ of the atmosphere
pressure
the number of organisms present in the surface water above the ocean floor is called?
productivity
An area of the ocean where rapid change in ocean density occurs with a change in depth is the:
pycnocline
which of the following contains silica (SiO2)?
radiolarians
Air warmed by the land that rises and is replaced by cooler air from the ocean may produce a:
sea breeze
the largest loss of life from a hurricane is usually due to:
storm surge
which of the following is responsible for 90% of the deaths associated with hurricanes?
storm surge
which of the following is a biogenous sediment?
stromatolites
The Sun reaches its most northerly point in the sky, directly overhead along the Tropic of Cancer, during the:
summer solstice
Ocean sediments consist of particles that have slowly settled out of the water by which of the following the processes?
suspension settling
the states of matter in which water exists is primarily determined by:
temperature
the two factors that are most important in determining the density of air are:
temperature and water vapor content
which of the following best defines latent heat?
the energy needed to break the intermolecular bonds that hold molecules in place
hydrogen bonds form between neighboring water molecules because of:
the polarity of water molecules
which of the following best defines melting point?
the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid
which of the following powers tropical cyclones?
the vast amounts of latent heat as water evaporates and condenses
