Oceanography final True False
Thick sediment accumulations occur on the continental shelves and rises, especially near the mouths of major rivers because these locations are close to major sources of lithogenous sediment
True
Evidence suggests that the Sun and the rest of the solar system formed about five billion years ago
True
Few abyssal plains are located in the Pacific Ocean because the deep-ocean trenches found on the convergent active margins of the Pacific Ocean prevent sediment from moving past the continental slope
True
Most of the physical properties of pure water and sweater are very similar BECAUSE seawater is 96.5% water
True
Satellites are used to map the ocean floor because the shape of the ocean surface reflects large features on the seafloor
True
The depth of the deepest ocean trench exceeds the height of Mount Everest
True
The seafloor magnetic pattern is best described as parallel to and symmetric about mid-ocean ridges
True
Our planet's extreme climate is one of the main reasons life exists on Earth
False
Tectonic plates move about as fast as a river flows
False
Terrigenous sediment is another name for biogenous sediment
False
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is an example of a convergent plate boundary (oceanic-oceanic)
False
The Pacific Ring of Fire is home to the majority of Earth's active volcanoes and large earthquakes because of the prevalence of divergent plate boundaries along the Pacific Rim
False
The White Cliffs of Dover are made from five (5) coccolithophores tests
False
The speed of a shallow-water wave is a function of wave period
False
The transfer of water between the atmosphere, the oceans, and the continents is known as the geologic cycle
False
The vertical distance between the wave tough and the wave crest is the wavelength
False
Thermohaline circulation is wind-driven
False
Surface currents affect about 90% of the world's ocean water
False
Surface or wind-driven currents move water primarily in a vertical direction in the ocean
False
A wave train moves more slowly than individual waves
True
According to the fossil record on Earth, the earliest-known life-forms were primitive bacteria
True
Along the margins of the of the Pacific are found most of Earth's oceanic trenches
True
An area of the ocean where rapid change in ocean density occurs with a change in depth is the pycnocline
True
Active margins are characterized by broad continental shelves
False
Internal waves are formed by the movement of water of different densities along an air-water interface
False
An eastern boundary current is generally narrow and swift
False
Coral reefs that initially develop along the margin of an island or continent where environmental conditions are suitable are called atolls
False
Many of the unique properties of water are attributed to the fact that water exists in three states of matter on Earth's surface
False
Organisms found at mid-ocean ridges are able to survive in the absence of sunlight because the light generated by the undersea lava flows is enough for photosynthesis to occur
False
Paleomagnetic reversals were used by Alfred Wegner as evidence for continental drift
False
A very important way to increase the settling rate of fine particles in the open ocean is via fecal pellets
True
Deep ocean water masses have characteristic temperatures and salinities
True
In the northern hemisphere, Ekman transport pushes surface water to the right of the wind direction
True
Marine sediment accumulations are interesting to oceanographers because they often contain microscopic fossils that provide clues to the past geographic distributions of marine organisms
True
Microscopic biogenous ooze is common on the deep-ocean floor because there is so little lithogenous sediment deposited at great distances from the continents that could dilute the biogenous material
True
The European "Age of Discovery" began with Columbus' discovery of the "New World"
True
The Hawaiian Islands are located where the Pacific plate is moving over a hot spot or mantle plume
True
The Pacific Ocean is the deepest ocean in the world
True
The Sun and the rest of the solar system formed about 5 billion years ago from a huge cloud of dust and gas called a quasar
True
The circular movement of surface water currents are driven by the major wind belts are called gyres
True
The lithosphere is composed of the crust and the uppermost portion of the mantle
True
The orbital motion of water molecules in a wave goes down to a depth equal to the wavelength divided by two
True
A shallow-water wave must form in water depth less than 100 meters
False
A storm surge might form in association with a seafloor avalanche
False
A wave will break when wave steepness is equal to 1/20
False
A fracture zone is seismically inactive, occurs beyond offset mid-ocean ridge segments, and the relative movement between two points on either side of the feature is in the same direction
True
composed mostly of iron and nickel with a liquefied metallic outer layer
mantle
Abyssal clays are commonly red-brown or buff in color because they contain gypsum
False
Biogenous sediment usually contains abundant calcite below the calcite compensation depth
False
Continental crust and oceanic crust have equivalent densities
False
Deep earthquakes occur near Ocean trenches
True
Deep ocean currents often move cold, dense water away from the poles
True
Deep-water waves move faster than shallow water waves because they are not slowed by friction with the ocean bottom
True
Tsunamis can be generated by geological activity that causes a sudden change in sea floor elevation such as submarine fault motion
True
Volcanoes on the seafloor that are flat-topped because of wave erosion are called tablemounts
True
Western boundary currents such as the Gulf Stream transport warm water from the tropics to higher latitudes
True
Wind speed, duration, and fetch are the three conditions necessary to produce a fully developed sea
True
composed mostly of iron and nickel with a liquefied metallic outer layer
core
gaseous and dusty space cloud (precursor to a solar system)
nebula
