Oceanography Homework Chapter 1

Earth is about ________.

4.6 billion years old

Oceanic crust is primarily ________.

basalt

Plate tectonics and evolution, which are held with a high degree of confidence because of rigorous testing and verification, are examples of ________.

theories

The study of the transmission of light and sound in the oceans is an example of ________ oceanography.

physical

Archeological evidence suggests that boat technology was developed about ________ years ago.

50,000

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. Granite Continental crust Oceanic crust Basalt Asthenosphere

Asthenosphere

One of the reasons that free oxygen in our atmosphere is important to the development and maintenance of life on Earth is because oxygen ________.

can form ozone and block some UV radiation

Earth's primordial atmosphere most likely included ________.

carbon dioxide, water vapor, sulfur dioxide, and methane

Current scientific knowledge indicates that the most likely origin of most of Earth's oceans was due to ________.

water vapor released from volcanic outgassing

The average depth of the world's oceans is approximately ________.

3,682 meters (12,080 feet)

Which of the following statements about the Pacific Ocean is TRUE?

All of the continents could fit into the space occupied by the Pacific Ocean.

The four principal ocean basins (plus an additional ocean) on Earth are the ________.

Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Southern, and Arctic Oceans

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. Mesosphere Lithosphere Atmosphere Asthenosphere Core

Atmosphere

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. Testing Observation Theory Hypothesis Belief

Belief

The European "Age of Discovery" began with ________.

Christopher Columbus' discovery of the "New World"

Which of the following statements regarding continental and oceanic crust is TRUE?

Continental crust is thicker and less dense than oceanic crust.

Which of the following parts of Polynesia was populated last?

Easter Island

The first person we are aware of who determined the circumference of the Earth using trigonometry and the angle of sunlight at Alexandria, Egypt, was ________.

Eratosthenes

The European "Age of Discovery" ended with ________.

Ferdinand Magellan's circumnavigation of the globe

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. Photosynthesis Plants Heterotrophs Autotrophs Chemosynthesis

Heterotrophs

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. Caspian Mediterranean Black Indian Adriatic

Indian

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. Permian Devonian Ordovician Silurian Jurassic

Jurassic

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. Pytheas Ptolemy Herodotus Eratosthenes Magellan

Magellan

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. Indian Mediterranean Atlantic Arctic Pacific

Mediterranean

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. Water vapor Oxygen Methane Ammonia Carbon dioxide

Oxygen

The largest of the ocean basins, which currently covers more than half of the ocean surface, is the ________.

Pacific Ocean

The first humans from Western Hemisphere known to have developed the art of navigation were the ________.

Phoenicians

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. Ptolemy John Cabot Christopher Columbus Ferdinand Magellan Vasco de Gama

Ptolemy

The method of determining latitude in the Northern Hemisphere by measuring the angle between an observer's line of site to the North Star and line of site to the northern horizon was developed by ________.

Pytheas

Based on definition, it is more appropriate to consider which ocean as a sea?

The Arctic Ocean

Which ocean is the shallowest ocean in the world?

The Arctic Ocean

Which ocean is similar in size and average depth to the Indian Ocean?

The Atlantic Ocean

Which ocean is mostly, but not entirely, in the southern hemisphere?

The Indian Ocean

Which ocean was considered by 14th century Europeans to be one of the seven seas?

The Indian Ocean

Which of the following modern seven seas was also recognized by pre-15th century Europeans as one of their seven seas?

The Indian Ocean

Which ocean covers more than half of the ocean surface area on Earth?

The Pacific Ocean

Which ocean is the deepest ocean in the world?

The Pacific Ocean

Which ocean is the single largest geographic feature on the planet?

The Pacific Ocean

Which ocean's name comes from a word meaning peace?

The Pacific Ocean

Which ocean is actually a part of three other oceans?

The Southern Ocean

Which of the following is TRUE concerning the deepest part of the ocean?

The depth of this trench exceeds the height of Mount Everest.

Most of the explorations by northern and western Europeans during the Middle (Dark) Ages were undertaken by ________.

Vikings of Scandinavia

Radioactive materials can sometimes be used to determine the ________.

ages of rocks

The nebular hypothesis suggests that ________.

all bodies in the solar system formed from an enormous gas cloud

The separation of the Earth into layers while it was molten was the result of the ________.

differing densities of the elements that make up the Earth

The study of the structure of the sea floor and how the sea floor has changed through time is an example of ________ oceanography.

geological

A tentative, testable statement about the general nature of a phenomenon is called a/an ________.

hypothesis

The mechanism by which populations evolve and new species develop is called ________.

natural selection

The Sun and the rest of the solar system formed about 5 billion years ago from a huge cloud of dust and gas called a ________.

nebula

Our world ocean can be divided into four principal oceans plus an additional ocean, based on the ________ of the ocean basins and the ________ of the continents.

shape; position