OCN Chapter 14

The migration of which of the following baleen whales is the best-studied? ANSWER: Rorqual whale Minke whale Humpback whale Blue whale Gray whale

gray whale

Which of the following was the first marine creature to be removed from endangered status? ANSWER: Blue whale Gray whale Humpback whale Minke whale Rorqual whale

gray whale

What type of whale feeds primarily on amphipods and shellfish? bowhead whales that skim the surface of the water and trap the small animals in their baleen blue whales that drag their mouth through organic-rich sediments and filter out large bottom fish humpback whales that expand their rorqual folds to scoop up large mouthfuls of sediment from the sea floor gray whales that plunge into the muddy bottom and strain the invertebrates out right whales that capture prey by engulfing one large mouthful of water and straining the animals out

gray whales that plunge into the muddy bottom and strain the invertebrates out

Where do dolphins generate sounds for use in echolocation? ANSWER: in the mouth in the nose in the melon in the blowhole

in the blowhole

What type of whale captures prey by swimming at the surface with its mouth open to trap plankton in the fringe of its baleen? ANSWER: skim-feeding minke whales filter-feeding gray whales skim-feeding right whales bubble-net-feeding humpback whales gulp-feeding blue whales

skim-feeding right whales

Which of the following animals uses a swim bladder to achieve neutral buoyancy? ANSWER: Snapper Nautilus Tuna Sharks Sepia

snapper

What type of caudal fin is characteristic of fast-swimming fish that migrate long distances? Truncate fins Lunate fins Forked fins Heterocercal fins Rounded fins

lunate fins

Which of the following fast-swimming fish has the lowest body temperature? ANSWER: Yellowtail (Seriola) Bluefin tuna (Thynnus) Moonfish Opah (Lampris guttatus) Mackerel (Scomber) Bonito (Sarda)

mackerel (scomber)

How does sonar work? ANSWER: A gravitational signal is bounced off the ocean floor. A sound signal is bounced off the ocean floor. An electromagnetic signal is bounced off the ocean floor. An infrared signal is bounced off the ocean floor. A laser signal is bounced off the ocean floor.

A sound signal is bounced off the ocean floor.

Schooling behavior, as depicted in the figure, benefits the organisms involved because it: ANSWER: confuses predators by constantly changing positions of the fish within the school. reduces the mortality rate for individuals within the school. reduces the probability that a predator will locate the prey species. makes the group of fish appear as one large unit. All the above behaviors are beneficial to schooling fish.

All the above behaviors are beneficial to schooling fish.

Of the following statements about bioluminescence in deep-water nekton, which is/are true? Choose all that apply. Bioluminescent organs can be used to achieve neutral buoyancy. Bioluminescent light can be used to stake out territory. The majority of deep-water nekton can bioluminesce. Bioluminescent light can attract and lure prey to a predator. Bioluminescence can be used to attract a mate. A flash of bioluminescent light can temporarily blind a predator, allowing the prey to escape.

Bioluminescent light can be used to stake out territory. The majority of deep-water nekton can bioluminesce. Bioluminescent light can attract and lure prey to a predator. Bioluminescence can be used to attract a mate. A flash of bioluminescent light can temporarily blind a predator, allowing the prey to escape.

How are echolocation and sonar different? ANSWER: Echolocation is used by dolphins and whales, whereas sonar is a data collection tool developed by people. Sonar is used by dolphins and whales, whereas echolocation is a data collection tool developed by people. Sonar and echolocation are two words for the same process. Echolocation is used by dolphins, whereas sonar is used by whales and is a data collection tool developed by people.

Echolocation is used by dolphins and whales, whereas sonar is a data collection tool developed by people.

Which of the following statements about gray whales are true? Choose all that apply. Gray whales undertake the longest migration of any mammal. Gray whales are the largest of the toothed whales. Gray whales typically feed on bottom-dwelling organisms, such as crustaceans and clams. Gray whales used to be known as "devilfish" because of their aggressive behavior toward whalers. Gray whales spend most of their time in coastal waters. Gray whales are one of only a few species ever to be removed from endangered status.

Gray whales undertake the longest migration of any mammal. Gray whales typically feed on bottom-dwelling organisms, such as crustaceans and clams. Gray whales used to be known as "devilfish" because of their aggressive behavior toward whalers. Gray whales spend most of their time in coastal waters. Gray whales are one of only a few species ever to be removed from endangered status.

Which of the following statements about fish schooling behavior are true? Choose all that apply. Schooling provides conservation of body heat and allows fish to be warmer, thus using less energy to keep warm. More than half of all fish species are known to join schools during at least a portion of their lives. Schools can move and appear as one large and dangerous fish, thus preventing a predator from attacking. Schools can gang up on larger predators and chase them away, thus avoiding an attack. Schooling reduces the percentage of ocean volume in which a cruising predator might find one of their kind. Schooling allows fish to learn avoidance techniques from each other through observation and socialization.

More than half of all fish species are known to join schools during at least a portion of their lives. Schools can move and appear as one large and dangerous fish, thus preventing a predator from attacking. Schooling reduces the percentage of ocean volume in which a cruising predator might find one of their kind.

Which of the following nations continues to hunt whales legally under an objection to the International Whaling Commission ban on commercial whaling? ANSWER: Greenland Norway United States China Russia

Norway

What feeding strategy best describes that of humpback whales? One or more whales will blow bubbles to scare their prey into deeper waters, where they can easily catch their prey in large quantities. Individual whales will chase their prey and target a few of the largest fish. They cooperatively swim along the surface of the water with their mouths open to create dense patches of plankton that they all feed on. One or more individuals cooperate to corral prey using bubbles and then swim vertically to scoop up large quantities of fish. They scoop up large quantities of sediments from the ocean floor to filter out invertebrates.

One or more individuals cooperate to corral prey using bubbles and then swim vertically to scoop up large quantities of fish.

Of the following statements about the muscle tissue of cruising and lunging fish, which is/are true? Choose all that apply. Red muscle tissue supports high metabolic rates and is good for endurance. White muscle tissue has increased levels of myoglobin compared to red muscle tissue. Red muscle tissue is designed for quick bursts of speed. White muscle tissue is designed for sustained, long-distance travel. Cruisers have a mix of red and white muscle tissue. Lungers have mostly red muscle tissue.

Red muscle tissue supports high metabolic rates and is good for endurance. Cruisers have a mix of red and white muscle tissue.

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Clown fish are not stung by sea anemone BECAUSE clown fish have a protective agent in the mucus that coats their bodies. ANSWER: The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid. The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid. The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect. The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct. Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.

The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Many microscopic zooplankton are omnivores BECAUSE they eat other zooplankton in addition to phytoplankton. ANSWER: The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid. The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid. The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect. The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct. Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.

The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Clown fish are not stung by sea anemone BECAUSE clown fish release a chemical into seawater that makes the stinging tentacles retract. ANSWER: The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid. The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid. The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect. The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct. Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.

The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Schooling may help fish swim greater distances than individuals BECAUSE each schooling fish gets slowed down by the vortex created by the fish swimming in front of it. ANSWER: The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid. The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid. The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect. The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct. Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.

The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Usually a parasite does not rob enough energy to kill the host BECAUSE if the host dies, the parasite can just swim away. ANSWER: The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid. The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid. The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect. The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct. Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.

The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.

What does a dolphin's melon do? ANSWER: The melon focuses sound waves during emission. The melon makes sound waves during emission. The melon interprets sound waves during reception. The melon focuses sound waves during reception.

The melon focuses sound waves during emission.

Which of the following statements of the Pacific Coast Feeding Group is correct? ANSWER: Their newborn calves are born along the Pacific coast from Washington to California. They feed primarily in cold high-latitude waters in the coastal Arctic Ocean. They do not migrate at all because they don't store enough fat to survive the migration. They spend the summer along the Pacific coast from Canada to northern California. They cannot survive in cold water and live year round in southern California.

They spend the summer along the Pacific coast from Canada to northern California.

How do gray whales collect and eat such small organisms? They use a technique called bubble-net feeding. They use their baleen to filter prey items from their environment. They use cooperative behavior to corral prey into a group and then swallow their prey items whole. They use their countershading to sneak up on their prey items. They emit high-pitched sounds that drive their prey items into tight masses.

They use their baleen to filter prey items from their environment.

Dolphins and porpoises emit sounds from their ________. ANSWER: nostril junk melon museau du singe blowhole

blowhole

Fur seals are members of which of the following orders? ANSWER: Carnivora Cetacea Chiroptera Rhenanida Sirenia

carnivora

Polar bears are members of which of the following orders? ANSWER: Carnivora Cetacea Chiroptera Rhenanida Sirenia

carnivora

Finback whales are members of which of the following orders? ANSWER: Carnivora Cetacea Chiroptera Rhenanida Sirenia

cetacea

Which of the following are armed with nematocysts containing a painful neurotoxin? ANSWER: Cnidarians Coccolithophores Ctenophores Foraminifers Radiolarians

cnidarians

Gray whales feed primarily on sea floor organisms in ________ in the ________. ANSWER: cold high-latitude waters; summer tropical lagoons; winter mild mid-latitude waters; spring tropical lagoons; summer cold high-latitude waters; winter

cold high-latitude waters, summer

Which of the following have a hard exoskeleton and a segmented body with jointed legs, forked tails and distinct antennae? ANSWER: Coccolithophores Copepods Ctenophores Foraminifers Radiolarians

copepods

What does sonar data tell us about the seafloor? ANSWER: depth and shape depth, shape, and composition depth and temperature depth, temperature, and composition composition and depth

depth, shape, and composition

Because of the scarcity of food in the deep-sea environment, many organisms rely on _________ as their principal source of food. detritus zooplankton multicellular algae krill cephalopods

detritus

Red muscle tissue in fish supplies a much ________ amount of oxygen and supports a much ________ metabolic rate than white tissue. ANSWER: lesser; lower lesser; higher greater; lower greater; higher

greater, higher

What style of feeding is used by whales with rorqual folds? skim feeding gulp feeding bubble-net feeding filter feeding bottom feeding

gulp feeding

Sea lions are easily distinguished from seals because they: ANSWER: have external ears. have a short neck. cannot rotate their front flippers backward. use their rear flippers for swimming. cannot rotate their front flippers forward.

have external ears

The shape of the caudal fin of a shark is referred to as: rounded. truncate. heterocercal. lunate. forked

heterocercal

Which of the following types of caudal fins is asymmetrical, with most of their mass and surface area in the upper lobe? ANSWER: Forked caudal fin Heterocercal caudal fin Lunate caudal fin Rounded caudal fin Truncate caudal fin

heterocercal caudal fin

Fossil evidence indicates that modern whales have evolved from ancestors similar to the _________. hippopotamus horse sea lion water buffalo plesiosaur

hippopotamus

Which of the following are considered baleen whales? Choose all that apply. humpback whales blue whales right whales gray whales sperm whales

humpback, blue, right, gray

Which of the following groups of organisms are considered zooplankton? Choose all that apply. jellyfish copepods diatoms krill radiolarians

jellyfish, copepods, krill, radiolarians

What is baleen made of? hair blood bone fingernails keratin

keratin

Probably the greatest threat to gray whale calves today is _________. cold water getting lost humans starvation killer whales

killer whales

Pick the pair which does not fit the pattern: ANSWER: krill—whale clown fish—anemone remora—shark isopod—fish

krill-whale

The cultural tradition and government-ordered capture of pilot whales for food by Faroe Islanders in the North Atlantic is deemed _______________. ANSWER: a direct violation of the 1986 whaling moratorium legal whaling by objection illegal by the International Whaling Commission legal aboriginal subsistence whaling legal scientific whaling

legal aboriginal subsistence whaling

The caudal fin of fast-cruising fish such as tuna is: rounded. lunate. heterocercal. forked. truncate.

lunate

A symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit is called _________. nepotism communalism mutualism commensalism parasitism

mutualism

The oxygen-storing compound in the red muscle tissue of fishes is called _________. algin luciferin gamma globulin hemoglobin myoglobin

myoglobin

What suborder includes baleen whales? Odontoceti Minke Rorqual Cetacea Mysticeti

mysticeti

A group of animals that "violates" the trophic pyramid by feeding on organisms two or three levels below it is the _________. pinnipeds polar bears Mysticeti or baleen whales sea otters Odontoceti or toothed whales

mysticeti or baleen whales

A squids mouthpiece resembles a ________. ANSWER: dolphin's blowhole volcanic crater dog's mouth parrot's beak suction cup

parrot's beak

Which set of fins is used for turning and braking? ANSWER: pectoral and pelvic anal and dorsal caudal and dorsal anal and caudal caudal and pelvic

pectoral and pelvic

Which of the following Gray whales are the first to migrate south? ANSWER: Mature males Immature males Pregnant females Non-pregnant mature females Immature females

pregnant females

Identify the adaptation that allows deep-sea fishes to capture prey without exerting much energy. hinged jaws sensitive lateral lines long, sharp teeth expandable bodies counterillumination

sensitive lateral lines

Individual fishes within schools maintain their spacing through visual contact and _________. the lateral line system electrical impulses response to physical contact echolocation audible signals and sensitive hearing

the lateral line system

Which side of the baleen faces inside the mouth on a living whale? the top side the smooth side the bottom side the more fibrous side

the more fibrous side

Which of the following statements regarding walruses is correct? ANSWER: Their hair is hollow for better insulation. They have ivory tusks up to 1 meter long. Their tusks are used for prying and killing. They lack an insulating layer of blubber. Their sharp claws are used for hauling themselves onto icebergs.

they have ivory tusks up to 1 meter long

Gray whales breed and give birth in ________ in the ________. ANSWER: mild mid-latitude waters; spring tropical lagoons; winter tropical lagoons; summer cold high-latitude waters; winter cold high-latitude waters; summer

tropical lagoons, winter

An example of a "cruiser" is a: ANSWER: mackerel. grouper. tuna. flounder. shark.

tuna

Which of the following is not one of the reasons bioluminescence is employed by deep-sea animals? ANSWER: Counter illumination Warning coloration Attracting food Predator avoidance Communication

warning coloration