olympics studies test 2

olympic motto

"Citius, Altius, Fortius" is Latin for "Faster, Higher, Braver," but is universally accepted to mean "Swifter, Higher, Stronger."

key areas in agenda 2020

- Changes to candidature procedure, with a new philosophy to invite potential candidate cities to present a project that fits their sporting, economic, social and environmental long-term planning needs. - Reducing costs for bidding, by decreasing the number of presentations that are allowed and providing a significant financial contribution from the IOC. - Move from a sport-based to an event-based programme. - Strengthen the 6th Fundamental Principle of Olympism by including non-discrimination of sexual orientation in the Olympic Charter. - Launch of an Olympic Channel to provide a platform for sports and athletes beyond the Olympic Games period, 365 days a year. - Adapting and further strengthening the principles of good governance and ethics to changing demands. - Athletes remain at the centre of all 40 of the proposals, with the protection of the clean athletes being at the heart of the IOC's philosophy.

how was pierre a social marketer

-committed to social change -desired to reform french education -biggest ambition in 1880s was to improve recreation and introduce sport in schools -aimed at social reform through education -marketed sport and physical activity to french youth -traveled to find best way to promote physical activity in schools and was impressed w english -international interests transcended his nationalist scope

how was pierre a skillfull maneuverer

-decision to host first games in athens and second in paris -politics between him and greeks -protected idea of olympics and permanence of greece hosting games -his ideals continue now -developed IOC and was 2nd president

much wenlock games

-established by william penny brookes in 1850 -first to bring together sport activity, term Olympic, and ancient greek philosophy -concerned w social reform and rational recreation -he died and ended attemps -penny brooks influences pierre de coubertin

membership of IOC

-members are volunteers who represent IOC and olympic movement in their country, not delegates of their country within IOC -new members elected by IOC session- files analyzed by IOC nominations commission, forwarded to executive board who submits proposals to Session, which elects new members by ballot

where did the idea of sport surface

-multivolume book on olympic games published in 1419 -shakespeare and others reference ancient olympics in their writings -festivals w sports had been common since 4th century -from 17th century until modern games theres evidence of small sport festivals across europe

olympism values

-not just the elite athlete, but everyone -not just a short truce period, but whole of life -not just competition and winning, but values of participation and cooperation -not just sport as an activity but also as formative and developmental influence contributing to desirable characteristics of individual personality and social life

things that led pierre to revival of olympics

-reading tom browns schooldays realizes value of PE in schools -trips to england and visiting schools -national phys rec society formed -visiting henley royal regatta org -french gov charging him to investigate physical education and he learns of national olympian games

what are other responsibilities of IOC

-votes on sports programs for games that will take place in 7 years -provide support through finance knowledge and expertise -responsible for inviting the NOCs to participate in games, sending out invitations one yr before opening ceremony -helping athletes from developing nations to reach suitable standard to participate at olympics -IOC med commission implementing world anti doping code -created olympic broadcast services that acts as host broadcastor for games -helps funds games from revenues it generates

mexico city massacre

10 days before the opening of the Summer Olympics in Mexico City, police officers and military troops shot into a crowd of unarmed students

how many members of IOC are there

115- 70 individual members, 15 active athletes, 15 representatives of the IFs, and 15 reps of the NOCs age limit 70

beginning of closing ceremony

1924 chamonix france

when did winter games begin

1924 chamonix france

canadian hockey dominance start and end

1924 chamonix-1954 when soviet union came

first time for symbolic olympic fire

1928 amsterdam

Judy Guinness

1932- Contesting the final, she gallantly gave up her hopes for a gold medal when she pointed out to officials that they had not noticed two touches scored against her by her final opponent, Ellen Preis of Austria.

first torch race

1936 berlin germany hitler thought of idea and brought flame from athens

first tv broadcast

1948 london

track starting blocks

1948 london first used to help track sprinters

when did avery brundage serve

1952-1972

boycotted games

1956 mel/stock- first boycott 8 countries bc soviet invasion of hungary 1976 montreal- african boycott, 22 countries, organized by Tanzania to protest New Zealand rugby team had toured apartheid South Africa and that New Zealand was scheduled to compete in the Olympic Games 1980 moscow- US-led boycott reduced the number of participating nations to 80, the lowest number since 1956, as part of a series of measures to protest against the December 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan 1984 la- revenge boycott led by soviet union 1988 seoul- north korea boycotted w cuba ethiopia and nicaragua

instant replay

1960 squaw valley When officials became unsure as to whether a skier had missed a gate in the men's slalom they asked CBS-TV if they could review a videotape of the race. This gave CBS the idea of inventing the now ubiquitous "instant replay".

metal skiis

1960- Squaw Valley. Frenchman Jean Vuarnet became the first skier to win a medal on metal skis, instead of the traditional wooden ones.

miracle on ice

1980 US hockey team won

role of TV recognized

1984 sarajevo Revenues gained from broadcast fees took a big leap upward, rising from the US$ 20,726,000 received for Lake Placid in 1980 to a figure of US$ 102,682,000 for Sarajevo.

sprint scandal

1988 seoul Canadian Ben Johnson set a world record in the 100m sprint, but tested positive for steroids. Johnson was the first world-famous athlete to be disqualified for using drugs. After his disqualification, Carl Lewis was awarded the 100m gold, meaning he had successfully defended his 1984 Olympic title.

first boycott free games since 1972

1992

when did winter and summer games split

1992

unified German team first time since 1936

1992 albertville

US dream team

1992 barcelona Men's basketball became open to all professionals and the US sent a "Dream Team" of superstars including Magic Johnson, Michael Jordan and Larry Bird. Needless to say they dominated the event and won gold

magnificent 7

1996 United States Olympic women's gymnastics team that won the first ever gold medal for the United States in atlanta

when were all recognized NOC's were represented

1996 atlanta

when did snowboard arrive

1998

when was de Coubertin medal winner for finishing the race after a disturbed man came out bumped him off course

2004 Athens

1996 atlanta tragedy

27 July tragedy struck when a terrorist bomb exploded in the Centennial Olympic Park. Two people died and a further 110 people were injured.

birds nest stadium

480 million to build in 5 years 11 million a year to maintain in 2012 vacant now

how many presidents of IOC have there been

9

fosbury flop

Mexico 1968- Dick Fosbury won the men's high jump with a new jumping style now known as the "Fosbury Flop". This is the jumping technique all high jumpers use now

what is an NOC

National Olympic Committee national constituent of the worldwide Olympic movement. under controls of IOC responsible for organizing their people's participation in the Olympic Games

pierre de coubtertins olympism

Olympism was a philosophy of social reform that emphasizes the role of sport in world development, international understanding, peaceful co-existence, and social and moral education.

2006 turin sara renner

Sara Renner of Canada broke her pole and the Norwegian Coach gave her his, which dropped Norway to 4th

fair play trophy

Since 1964, the trophy has been given to athletes (Olympic or not) who exemplify the values of fair play.

lack of snow

The 1964 Innsbruck Games were threatened by a lack of snow. The Austrian army rushed to the rescue, carving out 20,000 blocks of ice from the mountain side and transporting them down to the luge and bobsleigh tracks. They also carried 40,000 cubic meters of snow to the Alpine skiing slopes.

olympic symbol

The Olympic symbol — five interlocked rings — represents the union of Africa, America, Asia, Oceania and Europe, and the meeting of the athletes from throughout the world at the Olympic Games. The five colors of the rings from left to right are blue, black and red across the top, and yellow and green along the bottom. The colors of the rings were chosen because at least one of these colors can be found in the flag of every nation

olympic creed

The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part, just as the most important thing in life is not the triumph but the struggle. The essential thing is not to have conquered but to have fought well

Bad examples of Olympism

Tonya Harding, PEDs

ski instructor controversy

amateurism conflict 1936 Garmish-Partrenkirchen Alpine skiing events were included for the first time, and this led to a major controversy. The IOC declared that ski instructors could not compete in the Olympic Games because they were professionals. Incensed, Austrian and Swiss skiers boycotted the events, with the exception of a few Austrians who decided to represent Germany.

pierres status

aristocrat and part of a noble class

examples of olympism

education international understanding equal opportunities fair and equal comp culutural expression indep of sport personal excellence

what all happened in 2002 olympics

first game after 9/11 alot of security canadas mens and womens ice hockey team finally won two golds were awarded in pairs figure skating

Eugenio Monti

from Italy. In bobsleigh, he had supplied a crucial spare bolt to the British team of Tony Nash and Robin Dixon, who went on to win gold. In the four-man competition, Monti's mechanics repaired the Canadian sled, which also went on to win gold. In both events, Monti went home with a bronze medal. He was awarded the DeCoubertin medal.

femininity and doping tests

grnoble 1968

what is an IF

international non-governmental organisations recognised by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) as administering one or more sports at world level

IOC

international olympic committee supreme authority of olympic movement

national olympian association

liverpool olympic society held athletic competitions but became corrupted and extinct, turned to national olympian association, joined with MWS

fierce 5

london 2012 douglas moroney raisman ross wieber

1908 Greco-Roman Wrestling

middleweight Greco-Roman wrestling final between Frithiof Martensson and Mauritz Andersson was postponed by one day to allow Martensson to recover from a minor injury. Martensson duly recovered and won.

pierre de coubertin nationalist vs internaitonalist

national traumatized by defeat of france in franco prussian war had formula for making french youth more robust healthy and fit international aspired for community of nations wanted world peace fraternity and goodwill

first computers

oslo 1952 computers were used for the first time in figure skating, to calculate the scores awarded by the different judges for the compulsory and free programs. This enabled an athlete's score to be given immediately.

olympism

philosophy of life, exalting and combining in a balanced whole the qualities of body, will and mind. blending sport with culture and education seeks to create a way of life based on joy found in effort, educational value of good example, social responsibility, and respect for universal fundamental ethical principles

father of the modern olympic games

pierre de coubertin

social marketing

process that uses marketing principles and techniques to influence target audience behaviors that will benefit society, as well as the individual

canada hockey team protest

protest against the covert professionalism rife in the USSR and Eastern Europe. 1972 sapporo

1992 barcelona olympic spirit

African Hope Tulu won and waited for a white South African

1972 sapparo amateur controversy

Austrian skier Karl Schranz was declared ineligible because he had allowed his name and photo to be used in commercial advertising, but full-time ice hockey players from Communist nations were allowed to compete

change in duration of games

Between 1900 and 1928, no Summer Games had been shorter than 79 days, but in Los Angeles this was cut to just 16. It has remained between 15 and 18 days ever since

Good examples of Olympism

Canadian skiier broke the pole and coach from another team handed her a pole, allowing her to beat his own team.

Coubertin's Beliefs

Coubertin believed that Olympics should be for the elite and that they should focus on the importance of participation over winning. He wanted to bring the world together through sport. -Aristocrat/part of a noble class -saw the spread of democracy and socialism

how did modern games begin

Coubertin organized a meeting which brought 79 delegates from 12 countries together to discuss how to revive the Olympic games. The meeting established the first International Olympic Committee, and the basic framework of having the games every four years, with the first to take place in Greece, was decided upon

woman involvement

Cross Country in 1952 Oslo Equestrian 1952 Helsinki Women's Ice Hockey 1998

core values of olympic movement

Excellence: Giving one's best, on the field of play or in life Friendship: Building a peaceful and better world through solidarity, team spirit, joy and optimism in sport Respect: Respect for oneself and one's body, respect for one another, for the rules as well as the environment

bidding process of IOC

IOC asks NOCs to propose cities interested in hosting games IOC selects host city following rigorous procedure aimed at determining to city's suitability to stage Games

1964 melbourne and stockholm why was it split

Melbourne won the right to host the 1956 Olympic Games by one vote over Buenos Aires. Australian quarantine laws were too severe to allow the entry of foreign horses, so the equestrian events were held separately in Stockholm in June.

what was his strategy to tie his nationalist and internationalist

revival of modern olympic games

how was olympism being utilized as a social marketing product at individual and society levels

revolving social issues changing behaviors intiating social change through promotion of olympic ideology

what is agenda 2020

strategic roadmap for the future of the Olympic Movement 40 recommendations are like pieces of puzzle that, when you put together, form a picture that shows the IOC safeguarding the uniqueness of the Olympic Games and strengthening sport in society.

1994 Lullehammer Olympic Spirit

there was a war in Bosnia but Bosnia and Serbia raced in a bobsled together

who is the current IOC president

thomas bach

goal of olympic movement

to contribute to building a peaceful and better world by educating youth through sport practiced in accordance with Olympism and its values not only concerned with extent of opportunities but quality

fiberglass pole for pole vaultin

tokyo 1964

what was france experiencing during pierres time

victory of democracy industrialization spread of socialist values and structures secularization of civil society development of strong national culture linkage of individualism nationalism and globalizaiton

first lighting of the flame

winter 1964 Innsbruck

first skeleton race

world's first sliding sport 1928 st moritz