OM 16 Chapter 6S
Match the critical traits of distributions of a histogram with their respective characteristics. A) center B) width C) shape a) the theoretical or desired mean of a distribution should fall under this b) It indicates the unpredictability of the process. c) It indicates the degree of variability in outcomes and the types of factors that may be influencing the overall distribution.
A) a) B) b) C) c)
Match the conditions in control charts that indicate a need for intervention (in the left column) with their respective descriptions (in the right column). A) Trends B) Runs C) Hugging D) Periodicity a) These occur when successive points in a control chart seem to fall along a line moving either upward or downward. b) These indicate the systematic changes in a process that require attention. c) This occurs when various points appear so closely grouped around the central line of a control chart
A) a) B) b) C) c) D) d)
Match the quality tools with their respective typical usages. A) Process flow analysis B) Process capability analysis C) Process control chart D) Taguchi method a) Graphically displays and analyzes the steps in a process b) Predicts the conformance quality of a product by comparing its specification range to the range of its process variability c) Monitors process outputs and determines whether a process is operating according to normally expected limits d) Evaluates and understands the effect
A) a) B) b) C) c) D) d)
match the quality tools with their respective typical usages. A) scatter diagrams B) cause-and-effect analysis C) check sheets D) Pareto analysis a) determine if two variables are related to each other (whether the two variables move together in some predictable manner) b) Uncovers possible contributors to an observed problem and to facilitate group brainstorming c) Identify the frequency and location of problem causes d) Identifies the most critical (relatively frequent) causes of problems
A) a) B) b) C) c) D) d)
Match the steps that are used in the process of building a cause-and-effect diagram (in the left column) with their respective actions (in the right column). A) Identify the problem to examine. B) Identify the major categories of causes. C) Identify major specific causes. D) Circle likely causes. E) Verify the causes. a) State the symptom or the effect (outcome) that must be explained in the form of a variance statement. Placed on the extreme right of the diagram, an arrow is drawn from l
A) a) B) b) C) c) D) d) E) e)
Match the types of control charts (in the left column) with their respective types of data measured (in the right column). A) X bar - R B) np C) p D) U E) C a) measurement (inches, mm), volume, product weight, power consumed b) number of defects c) fraction defective d) number of pin holes in pieces of plated sheet, differing in area (area/volume is not fixed) e) number of pin holes in a specified area (area is fixed)
A) a) B) b) C) c) D) d) E) e)
match the common histogram shapes with their respective implications. A) Bell-shaped B) double or twin-peaked C) plateau D) comb E) skewed a) this is centered and symmetrical about the mean of a distribution. b) this often indicates that two normal distributions have been combined (signifying that there may be more than one process at work). c) this is often the result of combining multiple data sets, where the data sets themselves are moving. d) this typically occurs if there are errors i
A) a) B) b) C) c) D) d) E) e)
True or false: By diagramming a process, the potential causes of variance and opportunities for improvement can be identified.
True
Identify the steps that are used in the process of building a cause-and-effect diagram. (Check all that apply.) a) Circle likely causes. b) Implement preventive actions. c) Identify more specific causes. d) Verify the causes. e) Identify the major categories of causes. f) Suggest necessary changes. g) Identify the problem to examine.
a) Circle likely causes. c) Identify more specific causes. d) Verify the causes. e) Identify the major categories of causes. g) Identify the problem to examine.
Identify the steps that are used in a p attribute control chart. (Check all that apply.) a) Create the control chart and monitor the results. b) Present the data graphically and identify the vital few categories that account for most of the variation. c) Compute control limits and construct the chart. d) Identify the major categories of causes. e) Collect and organize the data under normal operating conditions.
a) Create the control chart and monitor the results. c) Compute control limits and construct the chart. e) Collect and organize the data under normal operating conditions.
______ is a tool for assessing the ability of a process to consistently meet or exceed a product's design specifications. a) A histogram b) A check sheet c) Pareto analysis d) Process capability analysis e) Cause-and-effect diagram
d) Process capability analysis
A process flow diagram is _______. a) a graphic illustration of the relationship between two variables b) used to uncover underlying patterns (range and frequency) in data variability c) used to identify the frequency and location of problem causes d) a graphic technique for mapping activities and their interrelationships in an operating process
d) a graphic technique for mapping activities and their interrelationships in an operating process
Pareto analysis is used to _____. a) uncover underlying patterns (range and frequency) in data variability b) identify the frequency and location of problem causes c) uncover possible contributors to an observed problem and to facilitate group brainstorming d) identify the most critical (most frequent) causes of problems
d) identify the most critical (most frequent) causes of problems
The Taguchi methods is used to _______. a) uncover underlying patterns (range and frequency) in data variability. b) identify the most critical (relatively frequent) causes of problems. c) monitor the mean and range values for samples of variable data describing a process output. d) improve the design of a product and the processes used to produce it.
d) improve the design of a product and the processes used to produce it.
Cpk ______. a) identifies the frequency and location of problem causes so that they can quickly and thoroughly be corrected b) illustrates the relationship between two variables c) denotes the standard deviation of process output d) is a measure of process capability that compares the specification width with the process width that is adjusted for lack of centering
d) is a measure of process capability that compares the specification width with the process width that is adjusted for lack of centering
True or false: Pareto analysis sets priorities for action based on the assumption that roughly 50 percent of problems typically result from 30 percent of the possible causes.
False
______ measure qualitative dimensions or conditions. a) Variable data b) Attribute data c) Cause-and-effect diagrams d) Histograms
b) Attribute data
A horizontal arrow is pointing toward 1. C P U Damaged during Assembly on the right. Four other arrows labeled inspection, 2. C P U chip, equipment, and employees are pointing toward the horizontal arrow. 3. Pins not aligned, defective pins, received defective, and damaged in storage are all pointing toward the arrow labeled C P U chip. 4. Poor design is pointing toward pins not aligned and 5. Specifications not precise lead to poor design. Error in classification is pointing toward the inspecti
b) Fishbone diagram d) Cause-and-effect diagram e) Ishikawa chart
Identify the steps that are used in Pareto analysis. (Check all that apply.) a) Verify the causes. b) Gather the data and calculate the frequency of observations in each category for an appropriate time period. c) Present the data graphically and identify the vital few categories that account for most of the variation. d) Sort the categories in descending order based on their percentages. e) Identify categories about which to collect information. f) Circle likely causes of the problems on the c
b) Gather the data and calculate the frequency of observations in each category for an appropriate time period. c) Present the data graphically and identify the vital few categories that account for most of the variation. d) Sort the categories in descending order based on their percentages. e) Identify categories about which to collect information.
A ______ is a statistical tool used to monitor a process output to detect significant changes. a) check sheet b) process control chart c) histogram d) scatter diagram
b) process control chart
In a process, the design length of a shaft is 1500 meters with a tolerance of ± 20 meters. Identify the length range of the shaft that will make the process capable. a) 1525 meters to 1530 meters b) 1470 meters to 1475 meters c) 1485 meters to 1515 meters d) 1455 meters to 1475 meters
c) 1485 meters to 1515 meters
______ is a simple tool used to collect, organize, and display data to reveal patterns. a) A histogram b) A cause-and-effect analysis c) A check sheet d) Pareto analysis
c) A check sheet
______ is a graphic illustration of the relationship between two variables. a) A histogram b) A check sheet c) A scatter diagram d) Pareto analysis
c) A scatter diagram
Identify the conditions in control charts that indicate a need for intervention in a process. (Check all that apply.) a) Variability b) Sampling c) Hugging d) Periodicity e) Trends f) Runs
c) Hugging d) Periodicity e) Trends f) Runs
Identify the true statements about process control charts. (Check all that apply.) a) Process capability studies look at the variation of sample means and ranges. b) Process control charts assume that the points that fall outside the upper and lower limits are likely to have occurred by chance. c) Process control charts are similar to process capability studies in that both tools evaluate the variability of processes. d) The terms statistical process control (SPC) and process control charts are
c) Process control charts are similar to process capability studies in that both tools evaluate the variability of processes. d) The terms statistical process control (SPC) and process control charts are often used synonymously.
______ is a graphical representation of the distribution of values. a) Pareto analysis b) A scatter diagram c) A histogram d) A cause-and-effect diagram
c) a histogram
The horizontal axis represents speed ranging from 5 to 10 in increments of 1. The vertical axis represents length ranging from 1000 to 1060 in increments of 10. The plots are well scattered and mostly increase in length with increase in speed. Almost all dots are plotted within speed of 9 and length of 1050. The given figure illustrates Blank______. a) Pareto analysis b) a cause-and-effect analysis c) a scatter diagram d) a histogram
c) a scatter diagram
Identify the formula that is used to calculate the capability index of a process. a) The average of the process output distribution × Center of the product specification range b) Upper specification limit − Lower specification limit c) specification width/process width d) Standard deviation of process output + Lower specification limit
c) specification width/process width
______ shows the causes of certain outcomes. a) Pareto analysis b) A scatter diagram or plot c) A histogram d) A cause-and-effect diagram
d) A cause-and-effect diagram
______ is used to assess if the proportion of nonconforming products is stable. a) A check sheet b) A variable x − R chart c) Pareto analysis d) A p attribute control chart
d) A p attribute control chart
Identify the true statements about the Taguchi methods. (Check all that apply.) a) The objective of this system is to identify easily controllable factors and their settings to minimize variation in product features. b) This method focuses solely on improving the design of a product so that it better meets customer needs. c) A result of this method is that a product can be made robust with respect to the changes in its operating and environmental conditions. d) This method can be used to develo
a) The objective of this system is to identify easily controllable factors and their settings to minimize variation in product features. c) A result of this method is that a product can be made robust with respect to the changes in its operating and environmental conditions. d) This method can be used to develop processes that are properly centered and have performance distributions with reduced spread.
Define variable data. a) They are data that measure quantifiable or numerical conditions. b) They are data that show the causes of certain outcomes. c) They are data that measure qualitative dimensions or conditions. d) They are a graphical representation of the distribution of values.
a) They are data that measure quantifiable or numerical conditions.
Identify the true statements about a histogram. (Check all that apply.) a) To create a histogram, at least 30 observations are necessary. b) The number of ranges in a histogram is typically between 5 and 20. c) The number of ranges in a histogram decreases with the number of observations. d) An analyst must determine the number of ranges or categories for grouping the data of a histogram.
a) To create a histogram, at least 30 observations are necessary. b) The number of ranges in a histogram is typically between 5 and 20. d) An analyst must determine the number of ranges or categories for grouping the data of a histogram.
Reason for reject and number rejected are the two column heads. Reasons for reject are listed as follows: item damaged; wrong case shipped; part does not work; components missing from part; not properly marked, no bar code on inside of case; scratches found on case; and other, factors not noted above. Different number of ticks is shown for each of the reasons. The given figure illustrates _______. a) a check sheet b) a histogram c) Pareto analysis d) a cause-and-effect analysis
a) a check sheet
______ is used to monitor the mean and range values for samples of variable data describing a process output. a) A check sheet b) An x − R chart c) A histogram d) Pareto analysis
b) An x − R chart
