OM Chapter 6 Homework
Put the steps of line balancing in rank order with 1 being the first and 4 being the last step A - Use the tie-breaker rule if necessary B - Apply heuristic rules if multiple tasks are possible C - Assign tasks one at a time to the line, starting at the first workstation D - Calculate which task(s) will fit the workstation being loaded
1 - C 2 - D 3 - B 4 - A
A manager wants to know the range of output in UNITS PER DAY for a given product given the individual task times. How does she calculate the range? A - Divide operating time per day by the cycle time - first maximum cycle time, then minimum cycle time. B - Divide the sum of all task times by the cycle time. C - Take the operating time per day and divide by the desired output rate.
A
A measure of effectiveness that measures the percentage of idle time of the line is known as _________. A - balance delay B - output rate C - efficiency
A
All of the following are assorted with Product Layouts except ____________. A - Customization B - Repetitive processing C - Assembly lines D - Standardization
A
Efficiency in line balancing can best be described by which of the following statements? A - 100% - Percent Idle Time B - N(actual) x Cycle Time C - (Idle Time / Sum of Workstation Allocated Time) x 100
A
Flexible processing systems are needed when which of the following conditions are present? A - Demand variety or uncertainty. B - Standardized goods and services are required C - A high proportion of mature products
A
True or false: Product and Service Profiling is defined as linking key product or service requirements to process capabilities.
True
What are the outputs of process selection and capacity planning? A - Facilities/equipment, Layout, Work Design B - Layout, Work Design, Maintenance C - Facilities/Equipment, Technological change, Product design
A
Which elemental tasks are eligible to be assigned to a resource is based on __________. A - technological constraints B - task time comparison C - output constraints
A
Which of the following statements about Layouts is correct? A - Process layouts are suited for Job Shop and Batch process type B - Product layouts are best for Projects C - Fixed-position layouts are useful for Job Shop and Batch process types D - Process layouts are most suitable for Repetitive and Continuous process types
A
______ layouts and ______ layouts represent two ends of a continuum form small jobs to continuous production. A - Process, product B - Project, product C - Process, project
A
Select all that apply What do businesses consider when implementing Sustainable Production? A - Worker health and safety B - Carbon footprint and toxic emissions C - Energy use, efficiency, and waste reduction D - Worker holiday schedule
A, B and C
Select all that apply Which of the following statements is/are correct about the Number of Workstations? A - To calculate, the desired cycle time must be known. B - The number of workstations is a function of the desired output rate. C - Do not round fractions when calculating the theoretical minimum number of workstations. D - If the Maximum Cycle Time is used, the number of workstations is 1. E - The minimum cycle time is always used to determine the number of workstations.
A, B, and D
Select all that apply Which of the following factors are requirements for process layout design? A - Location of key utilities in the facility B - Distance between each department and the entrance C - Key considerations such as adjacency needs between the departments D - Projection of the work flow through the system E - List of departments/work centers and their sizes
A, C, D, and E
Select all that apply Which of the following statement about cycle time is/are correct? A - Maximum cycle time is sum of all tasks times B - Cycle time is the time it takes to perform each task on the assembly line C - Cycle time is the maximum time allowed at each workstation before the work moves on D - Cycle time is a determinant of the number of workstations
A, C, and D
A Batch process type is selected when a ________ volume and _________variety of goods or services is planned. A - Relatively high/high B - Moderate/Moderate C - Low/Moderate
B
A Muther Grid may be more useful than From-To Charts for assigning department locations because of which of the following? A - Focuse on just one dimension - Adjacency needs D - Covers multiple dimensions of adjacency and ranks the importance of closeness. C - Measures precisely the distance and workflow to determine the adjacency ratings.
B
A Project process type is unlike the other four types. It is for work that is ________ with a unique set of objectives to be accomplished in a __________ time frame. A - Standardized; intermittent B - nonroutine; limited C - repetitive; ongoing
B
A cafeteria line uses which type of service layout? A - Process (Functional) layout B - Product layout C - Fixed-position layout
B
A manufacturing engineer would like to calculate the theoretical minimum number of workstations to set up for a product line. How is the number of workstations determined? A - Divide the operating time per day by the desired output rate (OT/D) B - Divide the sum of all task times by the cycle time (Et/CT) C - Divide the operating time per day by the cycle time (OT/CT)
B
In addition to technical constraints, what other factors should be considered when assigning tasks to workstations? A - Desired output rate, skill requirements, and task incompatibility B - Human factors, equipment, and space limitations C - Ergonomics, order precedence, monthly quota
B
In layout design, the ideal situation is to do what first? A - Design the physical structure B - Develop the layout C - Design the building first
B
Supermarkets generally use which of the following layout types? A - Flexed-position layout B - Process (Functional) layout C - Product layout
B
The Repetitive process type, sometimes referred to as "Assembly," is selected when relatively _______ volume of more standardized good or services is desired and thus a relatively _______ flexibility is tolerated. A - high; high B - high; low C - low; high
B
The disadvantages of the Job Shop process type are the high unit cost, relative ________ of production time, and complex planning and scheduling required A - Complexity B - Slowness C - Speediness
B
To achieve a smooth flow of production, this approach identifies a bottleneck task and adds additional workstations there. A - Line balancing B - Parallel workstations C - Cellular layouts
B
What is the definition of a Fixed-position layout? A - An assembly line where the equipment does not move but the employees and product does. B - The item being worked on remains stationary and workers, materials and equipment move as needed C - Departments and work centers are arranged in fixed locations and customers or goods are transported from point and point in a sequence.
B
Select all that apply Which of the following tend to have low or very low variable costs? A - Projects B - Continuous C - Repetitive D - Job Shop E - Batch
B and C
A Continuous process type is used for non discrete highly standardized outputs when a very _____ volume and very ______ flexibility/variety is needed. A - high; high B - low; high C - high; low
C
Which of the descriptions below do NOT apply to Cellular layouts? A - Grouped in a cell by similar work B - Organized by Part Families C - Useful in Repetitive processes D - Help streamline inefficient Functional layouts
C
Which of the following is NOT an input to process selection? A - Technological change B - Product/Service Design C - Marketing Strategy D - Forecasting Data
C
Which of the following is true about Sustainable Production decisions? A - They are concerned with keeping production running continuously to maximize profit. B - They are only concerned with environmental impacts. C - They affect people, the planet/environment, and the organization's profit or viability
C
Which type of layout is most conductive to repetitive processing? A - Process B - Fixed-position C - Product
C
All of the following are obstacles to line balancing except which? A - Differences in elemental task durations may not be able to be overcome by grouping B - Adjacent tasks in sequence may not use the same equipment or are not compatible and thus cannot be bundled at the same workstation C - A technological sequence may prohibit an otherwise desirable task combination D - More than one worker cannot be assigned to a given workstation.
D
All of the following terms are associated with Process layouts except which one? A - Functional layout B - Departments/work centers C - General-purpose equipment D - Repetitive processing E - Intermitted processing
D
Each of the following items would drive the need for layout planning except __________. A - Designing new facilities B - accidents or safety hazards discovered C - Changes in volume or mix of outputs D - Unspent annual budget at the end of the year E - Environmental or legal requirements change
D
How many basic process types are there? A - 1 B - 2 C - 3 D - 4 E - 5 F - 6
E
Which of the following tends to have low fixed costs? A - Projects B - Repetitive C - Continuous D - Batch E - Job shop
E
True or false: Process selection occurs only when new products or services are being planned.
False
A Job Shop process type is chosen when a _______ volume of high-variety goods are produced with a relatively high degree of flexibility in operation.
Low
True of false: The main driver of process selection is customer demand
True
True or false: Different layout types can be combined in production in a single facility such as fixed-position and Process
True
True or false: Moving from one stage of a product/service life cycle to another can cause a process type to change.
True
For landscaping a home, which layout type would be used? A - Fixed-position layout B - Process (Functional) layout C - Product layout
A
In designing service layout the two key factors are which of the following? A - Degree of customer contact and degree of customization B - Volume of customers and length of processing time C - Variety of services and workers skill level
A
In service layout design, if customer contact and customization are both high, the process type and layout type are which of the following? A - Job Shop/Functional Layout B - Repetitive/Product Layout C - Project/Fixed-position layout D - Batch/Cellular Layout
A
Repetitive and continuous processes require _______ inputs of ________ goods and services. A - steady, high-volume B - varying, low-volume C - varying, high-volume D - steady, low-volume
A
The advantages of Repetitive/Assembly process type are the ______ unit cost and its efficiency for high volume operations. A - low B - high C - moderate
A
The main issue in designing process layouts concerns what? A - The relative locations of the departments B - Interpersonal relationships among employees in different departments C - The large number of possible department position combinations D - Standard material flow through the process
A
The maximum cycle time is equivalent to watch of the following? A - The sum of all task times: Et B - The longest individual task time C - The maximum length of time a worker can perform a single task
A
The three primary questions that guide process selection concern ______. A - Variety, flexibility, and volume B - Volume, variety and labor C - Flexibility, volume, and technology
A
Match the type of layout with the processing characteristic A - Product B - Process C - Fixed-Position 1) Projects 2) Repetitive Processing 3) Intermittent Processing
A - 2 B - 3 C - 1
Select all that apply Choose the word(s) below which best describe(s) the work in Continuous processing. A - No variety B - Non-discrete output C - Flexible equipment
A and B
Select all that apply Choose the word(s) below which best describe(s) the work in a Project. A - Complexity varies B - Unique work C - Not time dependent
A and B
Select all that apply Which of the following statement(s) about process selection is/are correct? A - Process selection can involve a substantial investment in equipment B - Mismatches between operation capabilities and market demand can negatively impact competitiveness C - Process selection does not necessarily have an impact on the facility layout
A and B
Select all that apply Which of the following attributes apply to Lean Process Design? A - Can result in reduced inventory and floor space B - Can result in quicker response times and shorter lead times C - Primarily focused on waste reduction D - Only applies to production of manufactured goods. E - Often results in reduced productivity
A, B and C
Select all that apply When does process selection need to be done or re-evaluated? A - When technology changes B - In response to competition C - At beginning of each fiscal year D - For new product introduction
A, B and D
Select all that apply Choose the word(s) below which best describe(s) the work in Repetitive processing A - Assembly line B - Standardized goods or services C - Technology-intensive D - Highly skilled workers
A, B, C
Select all that apply Before tasks are assigned to workstations what must be known? A - Cycle Time B - Heuristic Rules C - Task Order of Precedence D - Idle Time at Each Workstation E - Number of Workstations
A, B, and C
Select all that apply Sometimes a small percentage of Idle Time is BETTER than a perfectly balanced assembly line, i.e.. zero idle time. Why might this be the case? A - Variability in worker task completion times. B - Absenteeism and worker fatigue, boredom C - Allows some margin for new workers not yet "up to speed" D - Otherwise, no room for improvement
A, B, and C
Select all that apply Which of the following statements are true about Line Balancing? A - The precedence diagram is read from left to right when assigning tasks. B - Not every line can be perfectly balanced - usually there is some idle time C - The tasks times added at a given workstation cannot exceed the cycle time D - Heuristic rules, if applied properly, will always provide an optimal solution
A, B, and C
Select all that apply Which of the following statement(s) about Fixed-position layouts is/are correct? A - Used for Project process type, such as construction projects B - Lack of storage space can present problems C - Lower skilled labor is usually required D - Administrative costs of coordinating activities can be significant
A, B, and D
All of the following are advantages of Product layouts except which one? A - Low cost per unit B - Flexibility in volume and design changes C - Routine accounting, purchasing and inventory control D - High utilization of labor and equipment
B
Which definition below best describes the basic objective of Layout Planning? A - To facilitate attainment of product or service quality B - To facilitate a smooth flow of work, material, and information through the system. C - To avoid bottlenecks and minimize material handling costs/movement of workers. D - To use workers and space efficiently.
B
Which of these is true of Layout decisions in operations in operations system design? A - Layouts can be implemented in a short timeframe B - Layouts decisions require substantial monetary investments C - Layouts tend to negatively affect worker morale
B
Select all that apply What are the benefits of using parallel workstations for a bottleneck? A - Lower fixed costs B - Increased workflow C - Flexibility D - Lower variable costs
B and C
Select all that apply Which of the below statements about the disadvantages of Product layouts are correct? A - Material handling is slow and inefficient B - Division of labor creates dull, repetitive jobs C - Inflexible systems respond poorly to changes in volume or product design. D - Low equipment utilization from frequent maintenance
B and C
Select all that apply Which of the following statements about effectiveness of process layouts are correct? A - Whether the flow is material, information or the customer the transportation costs between work centers should be maximized. B - An effective process layout is one that puts departments with high interdepartmental work flow near one another C - An advantage of process layouts is their ability to satisfy a variety of processing requirements
B and C
Select all that apply Which of the following is/are examples of negative consequences of an unbalanced line? A - Inefficiency from out-of-sequence operations B - Idle time at faster workstations-waiting for the bottleneck C - Product quality issues from un equal processing time at workstations D - Morale problem due to unequal work among employees
B and D
Select all that apply Which of the following statement(s) about the disadvantages of Process Layouts is/are correct? A - Low job complexity increases the span of supervision. B - Equipment utilization rates are low C - Material handling is slow and inefficient D - Low volumes mean low unit costs E - Routing and scheduling of operations pose continual challenges.
B, C and E
Select all that apply What are the five different process A - Technology-Intensive B - Project C - Repetitive D - Job Shop E - Continuous F - Batch G - Flexible
B, C, D, E, F
Select all that apply What are some other external factors which might influence process layout design? A - Size of the parking lot and number of spaces B - Ability to design a safe environment for employees and customers C - Noise levels at the various locations D - Size and location of restrooms
B, C, and D
which of the following terms is a synonym for production line? A - Spaghetti diagram B - Adjacency diagram C - Assembly line D - Job shop
C
Select all that apply Which of the following statements about Process (Functional) layouts is/are correct? A - Equipment is arranged in sequence order of processing so the production can flow smoothly B - Process layouts are common in Service environments. C - Equipment is arranged by type rather than processing sequence. D - Process layouts often use higher skilled labor than Product layouts do. E - Equipment is selected for high-volume outputs
B, C, and D
Select all that apply Which statement about using Muther Grids for designing process layouts are correct? A - Uses six ratings from the acronym - M-U-T-H-E-R B - Ranks the importance of the closeness of one department to another C - Reads like a mileage chart between cities D - Includes a rating for Undesirable Adjacency
B, C, and D
Select all that apply Which of the following statements about Cellular layouts is/are correct? A - Workers and equipment move to the product B - Improves flow in Batch process type C - Useful in Continuous processing D - Physical layout can be U-shaped E - Groups work as teams with limited supervision
B, D and E
A Layout in the context of Operations is best defined as which of the following? A - An architectural plan showing equipment locations with electrical and mechanical requirements. B - A complete set of facility drawing showing the location of office, lab and manufacturing spaces. C - A schematic diagram with configuration of work centers and equipment showing movement of work through the system.
C
A smooth and rapid flow of large volumes of goods or services through a system is best achieved with ________. A - Fixed-position layouts B - Process layouts C - Product layouts
C
All of the following are advantages of Process (Functional) Layouts except which? A - Individual incentive programs are possible B - Less vulnerable to equipment breakdowns than product layouts. C - Readily adapt to high volume output D - Handle a variety of goods or services
C
Another term for cross-training workers is _________. A - Parallel workstations B - Mixed model line C - Dynamic line balancing
C
Choose the word(s) below which best describe(s) the work in batch processing. A - Repetitive B - Standardized C - Intermitted
C
Deciding on the way production of goods or services will be organized is ______. A - Work design B - Organization structure C - Process selection D - Product selection
C
Fixed costs are _______ in Repetitive/Continuous process types compared to Job Shop/Batch, and variable costs are ________. A - the same; the same B - lower; higher C - higher, lower
C
In process layout designs, why are departments with high interdepartmental work flow located near one another? A - To enable employees to work on teams B - To avoid the requirement for variable-path material handing equipment C - To reduce transportation time between departments
C
In process layout designs, why are departments with high interdepartmental work flow located near one another? A - To enable employees to work on teams. B - To avoid the requirement for variable-path material handing equipment C - To reduce transportation time between departments
C
In the context of line balancing, the line's capacity is _______. A - A function of its task time B - A multiple of the maximum task times C - A function of it cycle time D - Equal to the average task time
C
Job shop and batch processing may mean that suppliers have to be able to deal with _______ order quantities and ________ of orders. A - varying, size B - steady, timing C - varying, timing D - steady, size
C
Lean design is often translated into practice using what type of layouts? A - Green B - Job shop C - Cellular D - Circular
C
Product or service profiling is used to _________. A - Set the pricing of a product in various target markets B - Identify the appropriate customers for a product type C - Avoid a mismatch between product and process type
C
Products and services often go through life cycles that begin with __________ volume, which ________ as products or services become better known A - high, decreases B - low, decreases C - low, increases D - high, increases
C
Select the best definition of line balancing in the context of product layouts. A - Designing each assembly line in the factory to be equal in length to maximize floor space resources. B - Arranging the equipment for ergonomic/health reasons so the workers lift balanced loads presenting injury, absenteeism C - Assigning tasks to workstations so all have approximately equal processing times to achieve a synchronized flow on the line.
C
The key aspects of an organization's process strategy are which of the following? A - Available technology and forecasts B - Product forecast and competitiveness C - Capital intensity and flexibility
C
The two most useful types of From-To Charts for designing process layouts are which of the following? A - One-way transportation cost and interdepartmental work flow B - Location of departments & transportation cost C - Distance between locations & interdepartmental work flow
C
Which of the following statements is true about flexible production systems? A - A flexibility is the best choice for repetitive and continuous processing. B - Flexibility is usually needed in any process type application and product life cycle stage C - Flexible system are often more costly and less efficient than non-flexible system
C
Which statement best describes the main objective in designing product layouts? A - To locate work centers according to adjacency ratings to facilitate desire interactions. B - To plan the logistics of bringing the material, labor and equipment in a product-centered layout C - To arrange workers and machines in the sequence that the operations will be performed
C
Select all that apply Choose the word(s) below which best describe(s) the work in a Job Shop A - Continuous B - Standardized C - Customized D - Intermittent
C and D
Select all that apply Other alternative approaches to line balancing which remedy bottlenecks and excess idle time include which of the following? A - Cellular production B - Heuristic rules C - Parallel workstations D - Cross-training workers E - Mixed-model lines
C, D, and E
Which statement about From-To Charts is NOT correct? A - assume the value of "A to B" is the same as "B to A" to simplify the problem of distance between departments. B - From-To Charts are used to assign departments to layout locations. C - Transportation costs are considered proportionate to distance traveled between departments. D - Low values between departments usually signify high adjacency needs
D
True or false: The main driver of process selection is customer demand.
True
