Online Lesson 15

Which of the following hormones are produced by the Pituitary Anterior lobe? Choose more than one. A. Growth hormone (GH or somatotropin) B. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) C. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) D. Gonadotropins E. Triiodothyronine (T3)

ACTH TSH GH

Hypofunctioning of the adrenal cortex

Addison disease

Excessive secretion of adrenal androgens

Adrenal Virilism

Outer section of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol, aldosterone and sex hormones

Adrenal cortex

Inner section of each adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

Adrenal medulla

Increases heart rate and blood pressure

Adrenaline (epinephrine)

Secreted by adrenal cortex; increases sodium reabsorption

Aldosterone

Select all of the symptoms that may apply to adrenal virilization. A. Amenorrhea B. Hirsutism C. Deepening of the voice D. Englargement of the breasts E. Myxedema

Amenorrhea Hirsutism Deepening of the voice

Male hormone secreted by the testes and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex. Testosterone is an example.

Androgen

Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. increases reabsorption of water by the kidney.

Antidiuretic hormone

Which of the following hormones are produced by the Pituitary Posterior Lobe? Choose more than one. A. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH, or vasopressin) B. Oxytocin C. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) D. Prolactin (PRL) E. Progesterone

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH, or vasopressin) Oxytocin

Somat/o

Body

Calcium

Ca++

Secreted by thyroid gland; decreases blood calcium levels

Calcitonin

Hormones derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla, e.g. epinephrine

Catecholamines

Target tissue

Cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones

Receptor

Cellular or nucllear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited

Toc/o

Childbirth

Cortic/o

Cortex, outer region

Which of the following hormones are produced by the adrenal cortex? Choose more than one. A. Epinephrine (adrenaline) B. Aldosterone C. Cortisol D. Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) E. Androgens and Estrogens

Cortisol Aldosterone Androgens and Estrogens

Choose the corticosteroids from among the following options. A. Cortisol B. Aldosterone C. Androgens and Estrogens D. Glucagon E. Norepinephrine

Cortisol Aldosterone Androgens and estrogens

Extreme hypothyroidism during infancy and childhood leads to a lack of normal physical and mental growth. The affected person has the appearance of an obese, short and stocky child.

Cretinism

Lack of insulin secretion or resistance of insulin in promoting sugar, starch, and fat metabolism in cells

Diabetes Mellitus

Insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin). Urine is bland.

Diabetes insipidus

Congenital hyposecretion of GH by the anterior pituitary results in small stature

Dwarfism

Adrenaline=

Epinephrine

Secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure and dilates airways (sympathomimetic). Part of the body's "fight or flight" reaction.

Epinephrine

Which of the following hormones are produced by the adrenal MEDULLA? Choose more than one. A. Cortisol B. Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) C. Aldosterone D. Progesteron E. Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Epinephrine (adrenaline) Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)

Estr/o

Female

Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Stimulates hormone secretion and egg production by the ovaries and sperm production in the testes

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Lack of motility of the stomach as a long-term secondary complication of diabetes mellitus

Gastroparesis

Choose the signs and symptoms consistent with Addison disease. A. Generalized malaise B. Low blood pressure C. Severe loss of fluids and electrolytes D. Moon-like fullness of the face E. Obesity

Generalized malaise Severe loss of fluids and electrolytes

Aden/o

Gland

Secreted by the pancreas to increase blood sugar by conversion of glycogen to glucose

Glucagon

Steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex, regulating sugar, fat and protein metabolism

Glucocorticoid

Jane noticed that she had gained weight recently and that her face had a moon-like fullness with new heavy hair growth. Blood and urine tests showed excessive secretion of adrenal _________________. Her diagnostic work-up included a/an ________________which revealed enlargement of both ______________. Her doctor made the diagnosis of _______________. A. catecholamines B. glucocorticoids C. Addison disease D. Cushing syndrome E. Graves disease

Glucocorticoids; CT scan of the abdomen; adrenal glands; Cushing syndrome

Sugar=

Glucose

Starch=

Glycogen

Enlargement of the thyroid gland

Goiter

Eu-

Good, normal

Phys/o

Growing

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates grwoth of bones and soft tissues

Growth hormone (GH)

Excessive hair growth

Hirsutism

Tendency of an organism to maintain a constant interal environment

Homeostasis

Pancreatic condition causing hypoglycemia

Hyperinsulinism

Overactivitiy of the thyroid gland

Hyperthyroidism Thyrotoxicosis

Pituitary=

Hypophysis

Underactivity of the thyroid gland

Hypothyroidism

Secreted by pancreas to help glucose pass into cells. Promotes conversion of glucose to glycogen

Insulin

Which of the following hormones are produced by the pancreas Islet cells? Choose more than one. A. Insulin B. Glucagon C. Growth hormone (GH or somatotropin) D. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) E. Thyroxine (T4)

Insulin Glucagon

Potassium

K+

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Andr/o

Male

Lact/o

Milk

Steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex to regulate electrolytes and water balance in the body, e.g. aldosterone

Mineralcorticoid

Myx/o

Mucus

Practically no thyroid hormone is produced and the skin becomes dry and puffy due to the collection of mucus-like material under the skin.

Myxedema

Match the major conditions possible with hypothyroidism (Choose more than one). A. Myxedema B. Cretinism C. Virilization D. Rounded facial appearance E. Tetany

Myxedema Cretinism

Sodium

Na+

Select the signs and symptoms consistent with Cushing syndrome. A. Obesity B. Moon-like fullness of the face C. Excess deposition of fat in the thoracic region of the back D. Myxedema E. Virilization

Obesity Moon-like fullness of the face Excess deposition of fat in the thoracic region of the back Virilization

Located in the lower abdomen of a female; responsible for egg production and esstrogen and progesterone secretion

Ovaries

Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates contraction of the uterus during labor and childbirth

Oxytocin (OT)

Small gland in the center of the brain. Secretes melatonin

PIneal gland

Located behind the stomach. Secretes insulin. Glucagon, and excretes digestive enzymes

Pancreas

Secreted by the parathyroid glands; increases blood calcium

Parathormone (PTH)

Located on the posterior side of the thyroid. Secretes a hormone that increases blood calcium

Parathyroid glands

Sympathomimetic

Pertaining to or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system

Benign tumor of the adrenal medulla; tumor cells stain dark or dusky.

Pheochromomonytoma

Located in the central portion of the brain and secretes melatonin

Pineal

Located in the sella turcica; very small and composed of an anterior and posterior lobe. Called the "master" gland.

Pituitary

Kal/i

Potassium

Secreted by the ovaries; prepares the uterus for pregnancy

Progesterone

Oxy-

Rapid, sharp, acid

Home/o

Sameness

Crin/o

Secrete

Gonad/o

Sex glands (ovaries and testes)

Natr/o

Sodium

Complex substance related to fats (derived from a sterol, such as cholesterol), and of which many hormones are made. Examples are estrogens, androgens, etc.

Steroid

Hormone

Substance, secreted by an endocrine gland, that travels through the blood to a distant organ or gland or gland where it influences the structure or function of that organ or gland

Tetraiodothyronine

T4

Two glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male responsible for sperm production and testosterone secretion

Testes

Located in the mediastinum and believed to be essential for the developments of the immune system in children.

Thymus

Located in the neck on either side of the trachea. Secretes hormones necessary for metabolism and calcitonin

Thyroid

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Acts of the thyroid to promote its functioning.

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Increases metabolism

Thyroxin (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3)

Which of the following hormones are produced by the thyroid gland? Choose more than one. A. Thyroxine (T4) B. Calcitonin C. Triiodothyronine (T3) D. Insulin E. Parathyroid hormone

Thyroxine Triiodothyronine

Usually occurs before age 30 and is frequently characterized by little or no insulin production, polydipsia, polyphagia, thin or normal body weight at onset and ketoacidosis

Type 1 Diabetes

Usually occurs after age 30. Insulin is usually present but symptoms are gradual. Obesity is often a factor. Ketoacidosis seldom occurs, and polyuria, polydipsia and polyphagia are sometimes seen.

Type 2 Diabetes

-in, -ine

a substance

Jane's facial features gradually became "rough" in her late thirties and forties. By the time she was 50, her children noticed her very large hands and recommended that she see an endocrinologist, who diagnosed her chronically progressive condition as ____. A. hyperinsuinism B. gigantism C. acromegaly D. crushing disease E. diabetes

acromegaly

Anterior pituitary

adenohypophysis

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland to stimulate the adrenal cortex

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Pan-

all

Vasopressin

antidiuretic hormone.

-agon

assemble, gather together

Somatotropin (STH)

growth hormone.

Posterior pituitary

neurohypophysis

-tropin

stimulating the function of