op1 AP Exam 2 question

There are 2 pairs of joints in the larynx. From inferior to superior these are the [1] __________________ and [2] ___________________ joints.

1. cricothyroid 2.cricoarytenoid

In moving from superiorly to inferiorly, two internal laryngeal membranes that contribute to the larynx being a continuous tube are the [1] _______________ and [2] ________________.

1. quadrangular membrane 2. conus elasticus

The [1] origin and [2] insertion of the vocal folds are the _____________ and ______________ cartilages, respectively.

1. thyroid 2. arytenoid

During conversational speech, women will most commonly use fundamental frequency values between:

150-250 Hz

What creates the movement that helps inspiration and expiration of air during pulmonary ventilation?

Contraction and relaxation of muscles in the diaphragm and thorax

Which of the following is NOT a paired cartilage of the larynx?

Cricoid

Abduction of the vocal folds is primarily accomplished by the lateral cricoarytenoid.

False

The glottis is constantly open during phonation

False

The terms abduction and opened mean the same thing when referring to the vocal fold vibration

False

There is typically a large overlap in frequencies between modal and fry voice.

False

abductor muscle

Posterior cricoarytenoid

List the primary expiratory muscles.

Rectus abdominis, Lateral oblique, transverse oblique, internal oblique, internal intercostals

Bernoulli effect refers to:

The aerodynamic consequence of air passing through a narrow constriction

Which of the following explains why the epiglottis is so important?

The epiglottis triggers the cough reflex, which pushes air forcefully up though the larynx, forcing particles up and out of the respiratory system.

Which of the following accurately explains how one of the cartilages of the larynx differs in males and in females?

The thyroid cartilage consists of two laminae that form the laryngeal prominence, which is larger in males than in females.

label

Transverse arytenoid, Lateral cricothyroid, Posterior Cricoarytenoid, Thyroid cartilage, Oblique arytenoid, cricoid cartilage

The lamina propia is comprised of 3 layers

True

The origin of the posterior cricoarytenoid is the cricoid cartilage.

True

The sternocleidomastoid muscle is a supplementary muscle of phonation.

True

The intrinsic laryngeal muscles are innervated by which cranial nerve

X

The larynx and trachea are located directly _____ to the esophagus.

anterior

The vocal ligament is formed by the free edge of what membrane?

conus elasticus

Contraction of the _________________ muscle moves the anterior portions of the cricoid and thyroid closer together.

cricothyroid (pars recta, pars oblique)

label internal

epiglottis, vocal fold, glottis, false vocal, Aryepiglottal fold

When one increases F0, the vocal folds become (list three characteristics).

longer, thinner, more tense

Briefly describe how the cricothyroid and vocalis/lateral thyroarytenoid muscles are involved in raising F0.

my answer 1.5 out of 2 pts: The criothyroid when contracted brings the cricoid and thyroid closer which in turn tenses the vocal folds resulting in a raising of F0 The Vocalis/thryoarytenoid muscles adducts and shortens the vocal folds when it is activated which then increasues turn would raise the F0

Describe the aerodynamic myoelastic theory of phonation. Provide sufficient detail to demonstrate your understanding of the forces involved in a vibratory cycle (that is, consider both the aerodynamic an muscle factors).

my answer 2 out of 4: The aerodynamic myoelastic theory explains how phonation occurs. Using the Bernoulli effect, as glottal pressure builds up it blows apart the vocal folds and they open and close from bottom to top in an undulating fashion many times per second. The abductor muscles (PCA) are not yet in effect. Vibratory cycle: 50% of this processes is the open phase 37% is the closing phase 13% is the closed phase

What is the name of the serous membrane that lines the interior of the chest wall.

parietal pleura

Contraction of the thryoarytenoid alone results in

shortening of the vocal folds

All of the following are supplementary muscles of inspiration

sternocleidomastoid, Transverse thoracic Serratus Posterior Superior

During inspiration, the lungs-thorax unit expands along anterior-posterior, lateral, and ________ dimensions.

superior-inferior

____________________ is an extrinsic laryngeal muscle that is a laryngeal elevator.

thyrohyoid