Opera Composers during Baroque Period

On what is Dido and Aeneas based?

A Roman epic poem

Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741)

was highly regarded in his lifetime as a virtuoso violinist

John Sebastian Bach

1. 1685-1750 German Baroque composers 2. Began as church organist, then court organist, then concertmaster of the court orchestra in Weimar. 3. Court conductor for prince of Cothen. The Brandenburg concertos grew out of this(1717-1723) 4. He was an organist, harpsichordist, improviser and master of fugue 5. Director of music at St. Thomas church of Leipzig 6. 1750 blind and died 7. Deeply religious man, Lutheran. J.J. ( Jesus Juva) Jesus help at beginning of compositions and S.D.G Solo Deo Gloria( to God alone the glory) at the end

Movements of a Suite

1. 2 part form 2. Each section repeated--AABB 3. Usually begin with movement that is not dance inspired 4. French Overture- first presents a slow section with dotted rhythms that is full of dignity and grandeur. second section is quick and lighter in mood

Select all the statements that describe the works of J.S. Bach

1. Bach would rearrange secular works into sacred ones 2. Bach composed works for solo organ, harpsichord, clavichord, violin and cello 3. Bach wrote the well-Tempered Clavier, a collection of 48 preludes and fugues 4. Bach composed cantatas and liturgical compositions

Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme(1731). Cantata No. 140

1. Bach's best known cantata 2. Based on 130 year old Chorale 3. Melody has form AAB 4. 9 Melodic phrases 5. Movements 1, 4, and 7 use Chorale melody in different ways

Selects all statements that describe Chorales in the Baroque Period

1. Chorales were commonly adopted fromCatholic Hymns and folk songs. 2. Chorales were easy to sing and remember 3. Chorales had a steady rhythm

Well-Tempered Clavier ( the well tuned keyboard instrument)

1. Collection of 48 preludes and fugues, 2 in each major key and 2 in each minor key--was composed to explain a system of tuning

Bach's personal style

1. Drawn from Italian concertos, French dance pieces, German church music 2. music is unique: Polyphonic texture and rich harmony 3. mastery of harmony and counterpoint 4. Unity of mood by insistent rhythmic drive 5. his church music uses Operatic forms like aria and recitative

Select all the musical resources on which J.S. Bach 's personal composing style was based

1. French dance pieces 2. Italian concertos 3. German Church music

Select all statements that are true about the life and work of J.S. Bach

1. His most successful post was working for the Prince of Cothen 2. 4 of Bach's sons were composers 3. Bach was director of music at church of Leipzig

Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741)

1. Late Italian Baroque 2. Born in Venice 3. Priest at age 25 4. The red priest--( il prette rosso) 5. Violin teacher, composer and conductor at music school of the Pieta, for orphaned or illegitimate girls in Venice 6. famous and influential as a virtuoso violinist and composer

Facts About Claudio Monteverdi (1567-1643), born in Cremona Italy

1. One of most important composers of Early Baroque period 2. Served at Court of Mantua for 21 years 3. First singer and violist then as music director 4. Monumental figure in the history of music 5. wanted to create music of emotional intensity to achieve this he used dissonance, pizzicato and tremolo 6. first composer of Operatic masterpieces

first movement (Chorus and Orchestra)

1. Opens with Orchestral Ritornello, that may have been used to suggest a procession or march 2. Sung by Sopranos, imitated by the lower voices, and accompanied by the orchestra

, Select all of the following that are usually used in Cantatas for German Lutheran services in the early 1700's?

1. Organ 2. Chorus 3. Vocal Soloists

Henry Purcell (1659-1695)

1. The greatest of English composers 2. Born in London 3. His father was a musician in the king's service 4. Age 10 became a choirboy in the Chapel Royal 5. died at age 36, buried beneath an Organ

La Primavera, op. 8, no. 1, Vivaldi

1. The second movement of this work employs a drastic change in quality from the first and third movements. As night falls, a goatherd is depicted sleeping in a flowery meadow with a faithful watchdog barking beside him. The leaves rustle gently as the moonlight falls on them. 2. 3 movement's. (1) fast (2)slow (3)fast 3. First movement Allegro, ritornello

solo concerto and concerto grosso

1. Two Types of concerto 2. For single soloist and his orchestra

Dido and Aeneas(1689)

1. Written for student's at a girl's boarding school 2. lasts only 1 hour 3. Only for strings and harpsichord continuo 4. Inspired by epic poem of Roman poet Virgil

Baroque Suite

1. an instrumental form consisting of several contrasting dance movements in the same key and in binary form. The four basic movements are: allemande, courante, sarabande, and gigue. 2. Differ in Tempo, meter , and character 3. Allemande(German )-moderate pace 4. Courante(France)- fast 5. Sarabande( Spain)-slow 6. Gigue(Jig) (England or Ireland)-fast

Chorale

1. congregational hymn of the German Lutheran church--hymn tune 2. Easy to sing 3. 1 note to syllable and moving in steady rhythm 4. composed in 16-17th century and adapted from Catholic hymns 5. Each tune carried religious associations 6. Allowed people to directly participate in the service.

church cantata( Germany early 1700's)

1. written for: chorus, vocal soloists, organ and small orchestra 2. Had German religious text 3. related to Gospel and Epistle readings 4. Included: Aria, Duet, recitative 5. Closely resembled Opera of the time--Baroque fusion of sacred and secular elements in art and music 6. Bach wrote 295 church cantata

Orfeo, by Monteverdi was composed in the year

1607

Monteverdi's music is important because it is a bridge between

16th and 17th centuries

How many movements does Vivaldi's Spring concerto have?

3

Act III Dido's Lament

A melodic recitative accompanied only by the basso continuo

The Art of Fugue

Bach's last project (1742-1750), an encyclopedic treatment of all known contrapuntal procedures, set forth in nineteen canons and fugues

What is another term for ground bass

Basso ostinato

Orfeo (1607)

By Claudio Monteverdi The first important opera Myth of Orpheus and Eurydice Use of recitative and aria

Much of Purcell's music includes

Dissonances , which the next generation of composers did not fully appreciate.

True or False: Bach had to compose strict religious music for the church and secular music for other purposes in very different forms

False

Besides being a great organist and composer, Bach was a renowned

Improviser

What conclusion can be drawn from the amount of instrumental music written by Bach?

Instrumental music became more important during the Baroque period

Which statement describes the structure of a Church Cantata

It is a multi movement work for orchestra , chorus, and singers sung in German

Bach based his Cantata No. 140on a Chorale(hymn tune) with which features

It was more than 100 years old

In Cantata No. 140, Wachet Auf, ruft uns die Stimme(Awake, a voice is Calling Us) by j.S. Bach , what is the congregation expected to do?

Join in the singing of the final Chorale, which is so firmly expressed in unity and belief

Act II Recitative: tu se Morta ( You are Dead)

Recitative Vocal line is accompanied only by basso continuo

chorale prelude

Relatively short setting for organ of a CHORALE MELODY, used as an introduction for congregational singing or as an interlude in a Lutheran church service.

The first and third movements of La Primavera feature a

Ritornello or refrain

Which voice is featured in the 4th movement of Bach's Cantata No.140 singing the chorale tune ?

Tenor

Which statement describes the voices of the 1st movement of Bach's Cantata No. 140

The Chorale is sung by the sopranos, imitated by the lower voices, and accompanied by the orchestra

Suite No. 3 in D Major

This piece was written by Bach in 1729-1731, it has 5 different movements. 1. Overture 2. Air 3. Gavotte 4. Bourree 5. Gigue

Orfeo (Orpheus 1607)

Uses: recitatives, arias, duets, choruses, and instrumental interludes

Trill

a note that alternates rapidly with another note a semitone above it