Operating Systems
Coomand-line and graphical
Two types of user interface
Diagnostic utility
compiles technical information about your computer's hardware and certain system software programs and then prepares a report outlining any identified problems
Booting
is the process of starting or restarting a computer
Plug and Play
means the operating system automatically configures new devices as you install them.
Restore program
reverses the process and returns backed up files to their original form
Spooling
sends print jobs to a buffer instead of sending them immediately to the printer.
file compression utility
shrinks the size of a file(s)
Print spooler
A program called a ______, intercepts print jobs from the operating system and places them in the queue
In most cases, the operating system is installed and resides on the
Computer's hard disk
fault-tolerant computer
Continues to operate when one of its components fails, ensuring that no data is lost A computer with separate processors
Queue
Multiple print jobs line up in a ____
On handheld computers and many mobile devices, the operating system reside on a
ROM chip
embedded operating system
The operating system on most PDAs and small devices, called an __________, resides on a ROM chip. Popular embedded operating systems include Windows CE, Windows Mobile, Palm OS, BlackBerry, embedded Linux, and Symbian OS.
Platform
The operating system that a computer uses sometimes is called the ____
Command-line interface
To configure devices, manage system resources, and troubleshoot network connections, network administrators and other advanced users work with a command line interface a user types commands or presses special keys on the keyboard to enter data and instructions.
Operating systems and utility programs
Two types of system software
Cold boot
When turning on a computer that has been powered off completely, you are performing a
pop-up
ad is an Internet advertisement that appears in a new window in the foreground of a Web page displayed in your browser.
A single user/multitasking operating system
allows a single user to work on two or more programs that reside in memory at the same time
single user/single tasking operating system
allows only one user to run one program at a time. PDAs, smart phones, and other small computing devices often use a single user/single tasking operating system.
Backup utility
allows users to copy, or back up, selected files or an entire hard disk to another storage medium such as CD, DVD, external hard disk, tape, or USB flash drive
System Software
consists of the programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices. Serves as the interface between the user, the application software and the computer's hardware
User interface
controls how you enter data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen
Worm
copies itself repeatedly, for example, in memory or over a network, using up system resources and possibly shutting the system down.
computer virus
describes a potentially damaging computer program that affects, or infects, a computer negatively by altering the way the computer works without the user's knowledge or permission.
multi user operating system
enables two or more users to run programs simultaneously
Trojan horse
hides within or looks like a legitimate program such as a screen saver. A certain condition or action usually triggers the Trojan horse
Stand-alone operating system
is a complete operating system that works on a desktop computer, notebook computer, or mobile computing device.
Virtual memory
is a concept in which the operating system allocates a portion of a storage medium, usually the hard disk, to function as additional RAM.
anti-spam program
is a filtering program that attempts to remove spam before it reaches your inbox
Password
is a private combination of characters associated with the user name that allows access to certain computer resources.
Spyware
is a program placed on a computer without the user's knowledge that secretly collects information about the user, often related to Web browsing habits.
media player
is a program that allows you to view images and animation, listen to audio, and watch video files on your computer.
Performance monitor
is a program that assesses and reports information about various computer resources and devices.
Search utility
is a program that attempts to locate a file on your computer based on criteria you specify
spyware remover
is a program that detects and deletes spyware, adware, and similar programs
adware
is a program that displays an online advertisement in a banner or pop-up window on Web pages, e-mail, or other Internet services. Sometimes, spyware is hidden in adware.
Web filtering software
is a program that restricts access to certain material on the Web
Buffer
is a segment of memory or storage in which items are placed while waiting to be transferred from an input device or to an output device.
Operating System
is a set of programs containing instructions that coordinate all the activities among computer hardware resource. They perform similar functions that include starting ac computer, providing a user, interface, managing programs, managing memory, scheduling jobs, configuring devices, establishing an internet connection, monitoring performance, and providing file management utilities
Driver
is a small program that tells the operating system how to communicate with a specific device
Folder
is a specific named location on a storage medium that contains related documents.
Utility program
is a type of system software that allows a user to perform maintenance-type tasks, usually related to managing a computer, its devices, or its programs.
Image viewer
is a utility that allows users to display, copy, and print the contents of a graphics file.
Screen saver
is a utility that causes a display device's screen to show a moving image or blank screen if no keyboard or mouse activity occurs for a specified time
Personal firewall
is a utility that detects and protects a personal computer from unauthorized intrusions
File manager
is a utility that performs functions related to file management. Some of the file management functions that a file manager performs are displaying a list of files on a storage medium; organizing files in folders; and copying, renaming, deleting, moving, and sorting files
Uninstaller
is a utility that removes a program, as well as any associated entries in the system files.
Kernel
is the core of an operating system that manages memory and devices, maintains the computer's clock, starts applications, and assigns the computer's resources, such as devices, programs, data, and information.
Warm boot
is the process of using the operating system to restart a computer
Memory management
optimizes the use of random access memory (RAM)
antivirus program
protects a computer against viruses by identifying and removing any computer viruses found in memory, on storage media, or on incoming files.
multiprocessing operating system
supports two or more processors running programs at the same time
Graphical User Interface
you interact with menus and visual images such as buttons and other graphical objects to issue commands
personal computer maintenance
utility identifies and fixes operating system problems, detects and repairs disk problems, and includes the capability of improving a computer's performance
Disk defragmenter
is a utility that reorganizes the files and unused space on a computer's hard disk so the operating system accesses data more quickly and programs run faster.
Disk scanner
is a utility that searches for and removes unnecessary files
Network operating system (Network OS)
is an operating system that organizes and coordinates how multiple users access and share resources on a network.
spam
is an unsolicited e-mail message or newsgroup posting sent to many recipients or newsgroups at once
Cross-platform program
is one that runs the same on multiple operating systems
Hacker
is someone who tries to access a computer or network illegally. Users with broadband Internet connections, such as through DSLand Internet cable television service, are even more susceptible than those with dial-up access because the Internet connection is always on.
CD/DVD burning software
writes text, graphics, audio, and video files on a recordable or rewritable CD or DVD, including Blu-ray and HD DVD.
Network administrator
the person overseeing network operations, uses the network OS to add and remove users, computers,and other devices to and from the network.
file conversion utility
transforms the contents of a file or data from one format to another