OPOTA 2020 (new)

2925.04 (A)(C)(1) Manufacturing of drugs-cultivate marijuana

(A). No person shall knowingly cultivate marihuana or knowingly manufacture or otherwise engage in any part of the production of a controlled substance (C)(1). Whoever commits a violation of division (A) of this section that involves any drug other than marihuana is guilty of illegal manufacture of drugs, and whoever commits a violation of division (A) of this section that involves marihuana is guilty of illegal cultivation of marihuana.

2925.03 trafficking in drugs

(A)No person shall knowingly do any of the following: (1) Sell or offer to sell a controlled substance or a controlled substance analog; (2) Prepare for shipment, ship, transport, deliver, prepare for distribution, or distribute a controlled substance or a controlled substance analog, when the offender knows or has reasonable cause to believe that the controlled substance or a controlled substance analog is intended for sale or resale by the offender or another person.

Theft in Office (R.C. 2921.41)

(Public official) Recklessly commit any theft offense when either offender uses his/her office in aid of committing the offense or the property or service involved is owned by the state

Sexual Battery (R.C. 2907.03)

(Strict Liability) Engage in sexual conduct with a person who offender knowingly coerces the other person to submit by any means that would prevent resistance or offender knows the other person submits because the other person mistakenly identifies the offender as the other persons spouse.

Rape (R.C. 2907.02)

(Strict Liability) Engage in sexual conduct with another when for purpose of preventing resistance offender substantially impairs victim, by threat force or deception.

Sexual Battery (R.C. 2907.03)

(Strict liability) Engage in sexual conduct (same as above) , offender is parent, guardian, teacher, coach and other person is patient in a hospital, minor.

Unlawful Sexual Conduct with a Minor (R.C. 2907.04)

(Strict liability) Engage in sexual conduct with a person when the offender knows the other person is 13 years older but less than 16 and offender is reckless in that regard.

Impersonation of Peace Officer or Private Police Officer (R.C. 2921.51)

(Strict liability) Impersonate any form of a police officer or federal agent with purpose to commit or facilitate the commission of an offense

Importuning (R.C.2907.07)

(Strict liability) Solicit a person who is less than 13 years of age to engage in sexual activity whether or not the offender knows the age of the person.

Importuning (R.C.2907.07)

(Strict liability) Solicit another by means of telecommunication device to engage in sexual activity with the offender. When the offender is 18 years of age or older and the other person is less than 13 years of age and offender knows that or is reckless in that regard.

Importuning (R.C.2907.07)

(Strict liability) Solicit another not the spouse of the offender to engage in sexual conduct with the offender when the offender is 18 years older and 4 or more years older than the other person and the offender knows or has reckless disregard of the person age

Importuning (R.C.2907.07)

(Strict liability) Solicit another, not the spouse of the offender to engage in sexual conduct with the offender when the offender is 18 or older and 4 or more years older than the other person and the other person is 13 or older but less than 16 years of age whether or not the offender knows the age of the other person.

Gross Sexual Imposition (R.C. 2907.05)

(Strict liability)Purposely have sexual contact or cause another to or impair another to prevent resistance by force, threat or deception with a person less than 13 years of age whether or not the offender knows the age of the person

Endangering Children (R.C. 2919.22)

(When one or more child under the age of 18 years of age are n the vehicle) (strict liability) operate a vehicle while committing an OVI

common defense attorney tactics and counter tactics - Asking if the officer has spoken with other parties involved in the case (other attorneys, investigators, witnesses)

+ Used to make officers think if they do so they have done something wrong 1. Counter tactic - Officers are permitted to talk to these people officers however can tell them what to say

Common Defense Attorney Tactics and Counter Tactics: CSI EFFECT

+ used in attempt to show that the officer did not use the most scientifically advanced techniques in the investigation 1.Counter Tactics: Remain Calm - Look towards the jury and explain that good police work can be achieved with simple fingerprinting, evidence collection, and interviews; techniques used on television dramas can be unrealistic or impractical

Common Defense Attorney Tactics and Counter Tactics: MISQUOTING THE OFFICER'S TESTIMONY

+ used to confuse the officer or get different information before the jury 1. Counter Tactics: Listen Carefully to the Questions asked by the Attorney - If the attorney paraphrases the officer's testimony differently than how it was presented, correct the error - if the attorney uses the officer's testimony in a follow up question incorrectly, make the correction

Vehicle surveillance

- 2-3 occupants in car - Follow moving target

Explain jurisdiction.

- A government's general power to exercise authority over all persons and things within this territory - Exclusive: enforcement authority granted to only law enforcement agencies at a particular location or on a particular subject matter - Concurrent: enforcement authority shared by two or more law enforcement agencies at a particular location or on a particular subject matter

Describe mob behavior

- A mob is a crowd whose members, under the stimulus of intense excitement and agitation, lose their sense of reason, sense of law and order and respect for others. - Ohio law describes a mob as a collection of people assembled for an unlawful purpose and intending to do damage or injury to anyone... OR pretending to exercise correctional power over others by violence and without authority or law.

When do federal and Ohio juvenile violations occur?

- An accused delinquent offender is held for over six hours (felony). - An accused delinquent offender is held for over 3 hours (misdemeanor/status offense). - An adjudicated delinquent is sentenced to a secure adult jail/prison. - Any juvenile that is held securely is not sight and sound separated from adult offenders.

Ways to counter common defense attorney tactics

- Answer truthfully. - Slow the pace by pausing. - Know the facts of the case. - Remain calm, look at the person asking the question. - Stay alert and listen. - Answer only the question that was asked. - If you don't understand ask to rephrase/repeat question.

Identify the categories of persons who fall within the meaning of family or household member

- Any of the following who is residing or has resided with the offender, a spouse, a person living as a spouse, or a former spouse of the offender. - A parent, foster parent, or a child of the offender, or another person by blood or marriage to the offender.

3 types of fingerprint patterns

- Arch - Loop - Whorl

Ways to reduce injury or damage when collision is imminent

- Avoid driver quarter - Strike at a angle - Maintain steering and breaking to avoid other objects - Steer to the rear

Identify ways to maintain situational awareness while conducting searches

- Be conscious of an avoid normalcy bias that develops from taking multiple similar calls that do not produce a threat. - Avoid locking your focus on any one thing at the expense of what is happening around you. - If working alone, continually stop, look and listen so you are aware of your environment. - If working with other, have one person focused on the search and one focused on covering the searching officer.

General rules for effective courtroom testimony

- Be early. - Be professional. - Wear uniform/business attire. - Speak loudly, confidently, and clearly. - Give concise, clear, and complete answers. - Avoid talking to potential/actual jurors.

Guidelines in officer should follow when interacting with the media

- Be prepared to think on your feet - Be familiar with your agencies policies and procedures - Respond within those policies and procedures - Maintain a professional decorum at all times - Give consistent information to all media outlets; make certain that all media on the scene receive the same message - Never speak off the record

What are the basic procedures for photographing crime scenes?

- Begin each crime scene by photographing a title card. - Document the entire zone using overall photos. - Photograph all fragile items of evidence. - Photograph all items of interest with a placard and reshoot second series. - Document all known evidence items. - Use placards sequentially. - If items are discovered later make sure all appropriate photos are taken.

Continuum of compromise

- Being exposed: on a regular basis to special authority and at the same time being exposed on a daily basis to harsh realities and the element of society that operates without values combine to severely challenge in officers core value system - Process: begins with perceived sense of victimization by citizens on the street and then progressed to alienation from the public incense of duty to it - Acts of omissions: occur when officers realize and justify not doing things for which they are responsible. Includes passive resistance to organizational mandates - Administrative: officers begin to commit administrative violations. Typically face department sanctions but not criminal prosecution - Criminal: at first these acts may appear innocuous and not much different than acts of administrative commission

Bias based profiling and criminal profiling

- Bias-based profiling, racial profiling, and illegal profiling have the same meaning and are used - Criminal profiling: based on observed characteristics and behaviors

Color code for CS gas

- Blue

Room entry techniques

- Button hook - Criss cross - Modified - Combination

determining if an inventory of a motor vehicle is reasonable

- Car was lawfully impounded - Inventory was conducted after the impoundment - Owner was not present to make other arrangement for the safekeeping of the vehicle

Class vs. Individual evidence characteristics

- Class: allows items to be compared with a group - Individual: allows item to be compared with a specific object or person

How to preserve digital evidence from computers

- Collect any forensic evidence ( DNA, fingerprints) - Photograph the surrounding area prior to moving evidence - Photograph front & back of the computer and make a diagram of cords and connected devices - If the computer is off, leave it off - If you believe the computer is destroying evidence: shut it down/ pull power cord - If the computer is on, contact computer forensic examiner - If it's a laptop: unplug power source/ battery, hold power button down to shut it off

Information to be recorded in field notes

- Complete information on victims, witnesses, and suspects involved - Date and time of offense or incident being reported - Location of that - Type of place where offense or incident took place - Details of offense or incident being reported - Disposition of evidence, property, and subjects - Corresponding report number

R.C. chapter 2923 offenses according to the elements of that offense

- Conspiracy: With another person or persons, plan or aid in planning the commission of any of the specified offenses. Agree with another person or persons that one or more of them will engage in conduct that facilitates the commission of any of the specified offenses - Attempt: purposely or knowingly, when purpose and knowledge is sufficient culpable for the commission of an offence, engage in conduct that if successful would constitute or result in the offense (example: to kill but doesn't go as planned) - Complicity: acting with the culpability required to commit an offense, solicitor procure another to commit the offence (example: hire someone to kill your wife)

Dynamics of Steering

- Counter steering - counteracting forces created in a skid - Understeering - caused at excessive speeds, loss of traction causes car to continue straight. - Oversteering - Reduces the designed cornering radius as a vehicle progresses through a turn, requiring the driver to rotate the steering wheel away from the direction of the turn.

facts required to support probable cause to conduct a search

- Crime has been or is being committed - Specific objects associated with a crime exists - Found in the place to be searched

Latent print card must be labeled with:

- Date - Case # - Crime - Victim - Address - Prints lifted from - Prints lifted by - ID # - Sketch of location - Up direction

Community Bank account concept as it relates to procedural Justice

- Deposits: build up reserves of public trust through courtesy, kindness, and honesty - Withdrawals: deplete reserves through over reaction discourteousness, disrespectful behavior or ignoring - Concepts: if a large reserve of trust is not sustained by continual deposit the community police relationship will deteriorate

Factors necessary for the commission of a crime

- Desire: the motivation (financial gain, power) behind criminal behavior - Victim: the potential Target - Opportunity: removing opportunity for crime with proper security measures applied to the victim's environment

What information must an officer relay to a defendant concerning failure to appear in court?

- Drivers license will be suspended. - Will not be eligible for re-issuance until person appears and complies with all orders of the court. - Defendant remains subject to any applicable criminal penalties.

How to preserve digital evidence from a mobile phone

- Dumb Phone: power off, remove battery, place in evidence bag, document chain of custody - Smart Phone: Power off > leave it off, Power on > leave it on with a password • Attempt to get password from suspect • Note date, time, password • Place on airplane mode, power off if not available • Document chain of custody • If powered on & locked > Place is faraday bag or aluminum foil • Take to lab ASAP, battery will drain fast • If powered on and not locked > Put in airplane mode, turn off WiFi, disable password & auto-lock, power off if no airplane mode, place in evidence/ faraday bag, document chain of custody • Okay to use agency camera to take photos of evidence, no screenshots with suspects phone

What are the necessary steps in preparing for court?

- Ensure all evidence required for case is accounted for. - Contact prosecutor to determine if additional assistance or info is needed. - Review notes/reports.

Steps in preparing for court

- Ensure all evidence required for the case is accounted for safely secured, and can be obtained prior to court - Call and meet with the prosecutor to determine if additional assistance or information is needed - Review notes and or reports pertinent to the case

How to preserve non-traditional digital evidence

- If electronic evidence on a third party site, need to send company a Letter of Preservation immediately so evidence is not erased - Most social media sites will accommodate requests using suspects username/ email, need specific time and dates you want preserved - Request to preserve are sent under the authority of 18 U.S.C 2703(f), can ask for anything from the past - Stored Communications Act: providers must comply with the Letter of Permission request must be held for 90 days - Additional Requests = 90 more days

Explicit bias and implicit bias

- Implicit bias: Preference of a social category based on stereotypes or attitudes that we hold and tend to develop early in life and operate outside out awareness - Explicit bias: conscious preference for social category

considered to be seized

- In view of all of the circumstances surrounding the incident - A reasonable person would believe that he/she was not free to leave

How do you recognize when a situation is classified as a motor vehicle traffic accident?

- Includes one or more occurrences of injury/damage At least one occurrence was not direct result of cataclysm - Involves one or more vehicle - At least one vehicle was in transport - Incident was unstable - Originated on a traffic way or injury/damage occurred on traffic way

Level 2 Contamination

- Indirect - Happens when controlling an already contaminated person

Types of Racism

- Individual racism, - interpersonal racism, - institutional racism, - structural racism

Expressive Mob

- Is expressing intense feelings or revelry - Usually follows some special event (e.g., rival football game) - Can be very destructive

The process for arresting a Juvenile

- Juvenile is suspected of, or caught violating a law. - If the offence is more serious, the officer should begin standard investigation procedures, interview, and contact guardian. - If the officer believes probable cause exists to charge the youth, the youth can be taken into custody for processing. IE.. finger printing, photo, and interrogation. - Juvenile may be placed in juvenile detention or released to the guardian - Officer should take the opportunity to refer the juvenile and guardian to community resources. - Interview and interrogation - has same rights as adult and must be read Miranda. - When questioning a juvenile, the officer should consider several factors. --Do they under stand their rights and severity of the crime? -- Considerations on school grounds, some schools require a rep or parent to be present during questioning. --NO REQUIREMENT to notify parents. --Become familiar with charges specific to school grounds.

lawful actions and police legitimacy

- Lawful: laws and standard - Police legitimacy: public views the police is authorized to exercise power in order to

Two Approach patterns

- Left side walk-up - Right side walk-up

What are the requirements that must be met by collected evidence?

- Legally obtained - Relevant - Identifiable

Methods of Controlling Traffic

- Let the people know you are in control of the traffic situation - Start and stop traffic --Look and point at driver -- Give clear direction -- Make sure that others are stopped before starting another - Slower or timid drivers may be urged to speed up by increasing the rapidity of the arm movement, however, wild arm gestures and shouting may confuse nervous drivers - Turning movement -- Look at driver -- Point in direction of turn -- Make sure all traffic is stopped before motioning the other driver to turn - Pedestrian Traffic -- They tend to cross at will if you stop traffic thereby hindering traffic flow. -- Talk to them and let them know you haven't forgotten about them.

lethality assessment to determine a person suicidal intent

- Lethality: chosen method - Availability: chosen method. Does the person actually pose the means to harm him or herself - Specificity: of the plan specific details about time, method etc. - Timing: proximity of help

Describe the basic concepts of perimeter crowd control

- Linear strategy - deploys police forces as a blocking force from allowing access routes into the impacted area - Cordoning - surrounding a particular problem area - sectoring - dividing the the cordoned area into smaller sized units to gain control more easily sector by sector

The process for arresting a Juvenile

- May choose to exercise discretion and not file charges - interview juvenile (contact guardians) - If probable cause exists take into custody (fingerprint, photograph, and interrogation)

Level 1 Contamination

- Most serious - Direct contact with chemical used (facial area)

Basic requirements for body cavity searches

- Must obtain a search warrant unless there is a medical emergency justifying a search - Must be conducted under sanitary conditions in a location that permits only the person being searched and the person conducting the search to observe. - Must be performed by a medical professional of the same sex.

Level 3 Contamination

- Open Area

Color code for OC spray

- Orange

What are the three main types of photographs?

- Overall or establishing shots - Mid-range or evidence establishing shots - Close-up shots

What precautions should be taken to avoid cross contamination?

- PPE - Don't touch your face, hair, cell, etc. while wearing gloves - Change gloves often, between samples & when soiled - Don't talk over evidence - Use disposable or sterilized equipment - Sterilize all reusable equipment

Physical harm to property and serious physical harm to property

- Physical harm to property: any tangible or intangible damage to property that, in any degree, results in loss to its value or interferes with its use or enjoyment - Serious physical harm to property: results in substantial loss to the value of the property or requires a substantial amount of time, effort, or money to repair or replace. Temporarily prevents the use or enjoyment of the property

Components of bias

- Prejudice components: often a negative pre-judgement based on characteristics such as age race gender that is not necessarily reasonable or logical - Attitude components: positive or negative feelings associated with individual or groups - Stereotypes components: generalizations about perceived typical characteristics of a social category

Uses for Field Notes

- Preservation of knowledge - Foundation of the formal written report - AIDS in further investigation - Evidence in court - Documentation of the officer's efforts in the field

degree of suspicion and responses allowed by the constitution

- Proof beyond a reasonable doubt = conviction of criminal offense - Probable cause (PC) = suspect can be arrested - Reasonable suspicion= terry stop/ investigative detention - Hunch= consensual encounter/ contact

Stalking or Sexually Oriented Offense Protection Order (SSOOPO)

- Protects the victim of stalking and sexually oriented offenses from a non-family or non-household member - Issued through the common pleas court - Available for victims whether or not criminal charges are filed - It has the same two levels (Ex parte and Final) as the CPO

relationship between race, genetics, and physical characteristics

- Race classifies people by similar, physical characteristics - Race is not as many people think, based on genetics

Suitable hand movements for steering methods

- Shuffle Steering - Hand Over Hand - Evasive Steering

Public safety exception to the miranda warning

- Statements elicited from a defendant, as well as real evidence resulting from such statements, may be used in evidence even if the officers do not recite the Miranda warning before asking questions if the officers safety or the safety of others is in jeopardy.

Difference between statutory law and case law

- Statutory law: is the body of law - Case law: the law found in the collection of reported cases that form all or parts of the body of law

steps in the decision making model and the application of PLUS filters

- Step 1: Define the problem, being aware that how you define the problem determines where and how you will look for solutions - Step 2: identify alternative solutions available to address the problem and a minimum three and ideally more than five - Step 3: evaluate the identified alternatives list the pros and cons of each - Step 4: make the decision - Step 5: implement the decision - Step 6: evaluate the decision Plus filters - Policies: is it consistent with my agencies policies and procedures - Legal: is the action lawful - Universal does it conform to the universal principles and values of my agency - Self: does it align with my beliefs of what is right, Fair, and good

Temporary Protection Order

- The complainant - The alleged victim - A family or household member of the alleged victim or - A peace officer may file the motion on behalf of the victim if the victim is so badly injured from the incident that he/ she is hospitalized or unable to attend court - The court on its own motion

Explain the balance between first amendment rights and the need to protect public safety and property

- The first amendment does not protect against unlawful, violent, or destructive behavior. - LE's responsibility is to objectively discern when a lawful protest becomes unlawful - The goal is to protect lawful activity while identifying and isolating unlawful behavior. - Peace officers must not be influenced by the content of the opinions, race, gender, sexual orientation, physical abilities, religion, or political affiliation of anyone exercising their constitutional rights.

effective communications with the media

- The media have a job to do and each can benefit from The cooperative nature of the other - Media information from law enforcement is necessary for them to develop and produce accurate news stories

Explain the explosive effects of an IED

- Thermal -- High explosive - short durations -- Low explosive - long durations -- Powdered aluminum or magnesium may be used to increase effect - Blast -- Positive phase - pushes out -- Negative phase - sucks back into vacuum - Fragmentation -- Primary - Container, munitions case, or shrapnel / thousands FPS -- Secondary - primary fragments and debris from blast area. / hundreds FPS

Describe common methods used to initiate an IED

- Time Fired - Victim Operated - Command Initiated

Purposes of Interrogation

- To obtain info relevant to an investigation - To discover additional evidence relevant to an investigation or establish innocence - To obtain accurate and truthful info which may or may not lead to a confession or an admission

Status Offenses for Juveniles

- Truancy - Curfew - Tobacco

List the procedures for when a suspicious item is found

- Understand your role - Don't move, touch or jar suspicious objects - Communicate clear instructions to anyone in the area- Don't use radios or cell phones in vicinity - Notify other search teams and suspend search - Secure area where item is located - Don't guard item itself - Be aware of secondary devices - Begin evacuation - Notify fire, emergency medical services and bomb squad.

Traffic Direction and Control Actions

- Use the info received from communication as well as your knowledge of the immediate area and beyond. - Confirm your geographical location with dispatch - Preform a preliminary analysis of current situation - Identify actions required to mitigate the situation. - Identify resources required to support those actions. - Identify any unique safety situations as you arrive.

consideration to be mindful of when conduction a Terry stop

- Use the least intrusive means of detention and investigation reasonably available that will achieve a goal - Conduct the business of the stop as quickly as possible so as to not prolong the period of involuntary detention

Federal and Ohio juvenile holding violations occur when

- an accused or adjudicated status of fender is held securely - Delinquent offender is held over 6 hours, if alleged to have committed a felony offense - Delinquent offender is held over three hours if alleged have committed a misdemeanor status offense - An adjudicated delinquent is sentenced to a secure adult jail/prison - Is held securely is not sight & sound, separated from adult offenders

firearm

- any deadly weapon of expelling or propelling one or more projectiles by the action of an explosive or combustible propellant - Unloaded firearm and any firearm that is an operable but can be readily rendered inoperable

State the common uses of a mobile field force

- control unruly crowds, hostile or passive - seal off problem areas - rescue citizens or officers from crowds - clear an area of hostile individuals - apprehend multiple offenders

information that can be use to establish PC to make warrant-less arrest

- personal observations, - informants tips, - reports from other officers or agencies, -Leads furnished by the victim or witness, - physical evidence, found at the scene, - past criminal record, - statements made by suspect

Three characteristics of a crisis state

- the person's behavior is at an intense emotional and irrational level and brought on in response to a critical incident - The critical incident occurred within 24 to 48 hours of the change in behavior

Class evidence characteristics include...

- traits that allow item to be compared with a group - fibers, shoe print

Individual evidence characteristics include...

- traits that allow item to be compared with a specific object or person - cuts, scratches, wear on bottom of shoe

using electrical weapons

- unreasonable to use on non/ passively resisting suspects - suspect must be verbally or physically defiant - noncompliance is not enough - if actively resisting it is not unreasonable force

Information a chain of custody must reflect

- who found or had contact, - to whom it was given, reason to give it to them, - when & by whom it was returned, - any changes made, - where & how it was stored until court

SFST consist of how many tests?

-3 HGN (Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus) Walk and Turn One Leg Stand

criteria are met for activating a blue alert

-A law enforcement officer has been seriously injured or killed, and a suspect has not been apprehended, or -That a law enforcement officer is missing while on duty under circumstances warranting concern for the law enforcement officer's safety -Sufficient descriptive information about the suspect or the circumstances surrounding a law enforcement officer's injury, death, or disappearance to indicate that activation of the alert may help locate a suspect or a missing law enforcement officer

tactics and behaviors to avoid while engaging in de-escalation

-Moving suddenly, giving rapid orders, or shouting -Forcing a discussion -Maintaining direct and continuous eye contact -Touching the person without letting the person know you intend to do so, unless essential to safety -Crowding the person or moving into his/her comfort zone

Describe the primary responsibilities of the first responder to a crime scene

-Officer safety -Rendering aid -Securing the scene -Witnesses

four typical dispositions for resolving a crisis intervention incident is appropriate

-Arrest -De-escalate and refer -Voluntary transport to hospital o crisis center -Involuntary transport to hospital or crisis center (emergency custody)

Similarities between Traditional/ Non- Traditional Media

-Awarded 1st amend. protection. -Entitled to the same physical access to the scene of an incident. - Access to info in a user- friendly form in a timely fashion

Rules for effective courtroom testimony

-BE EARLY -BE PROFESSIONAL -WEAR YOUR UNIFORM OR BUSINESS ATTIRE -SPEAK LOUDLY, CLEARLY, AND WITH CONFIDENCE -GIVE CONCISE, CLEAR, AND COMPLETE ANSWERS -AVOID TALKING WITH POTENTIAL OR ACTUAL JURORS

interviewing process, including the types of questions to be asked, of a returned runaway child

-Begin by building rapport with the child -Ask open-ended questions to determine if a crime (e.g., neglect, abuse, domestic violence) is being committed at home

Considerations for off-duty situations

-Behavior -Situational awareness -Be a good witness if a situation arises when police intervention is necessary

causes of damage or stress to a person's brain that result in a person's mental capacity being compromised

-Brain chemistry -Developmental disabilities -Deterioration of the brain -Damage to the brain through blunt force -Damage to the brain through severe stress and trauma -Unbearable stress that causes suicidal thinking or actions -Substance abuse

criteria are met for activating an endangered missing child alert

-Child is under 18 years old -The missing child is lost or a non-witnessed/non-confirmed abduction -The child's whereabouts are unknown -The disappearance of the child poses a credible threat of immediate danger of serious bodily harm or death to the child

actions that, upon arrival at the scene, the initial officer assigned to the report of a missing child she'll take

-Conduct a preliminary interview of the person making the report -Verify the child is missing -Secure a recent photo of the child for upload into NCIC and other distribution

interview considerations and techniques

-Conduct the interview promptly if the victim is able to and consents -Secure a private location that is free from distractions and where the victim feels safe

• information an officer should gather during a preliminary interview in a family abduction missing child case

-Determine who has custody rights -Confirm the family member as the actual abductor -Ask question to establish intent of the abductor -Does the abductor have a history of drug or alcohol abuse? -Does the abductor have a criminal history

The EAR Model's Three Phases of a Crisis Encounter

-Engage: make a connection with the person so you can calm him/her. The first 10 seconds of a crisis or special population and counter are critical in setting the tone for De-escalation - Assess: gather the information you need about the situation and the person's condition so that you can make the needed resolution. Remember, your threat assessment is continuous - Resolve: bring the encounter to a safe resolution and to obtain the help the person needs. The resolution usually depends on rather a crime was committed

Mindset of a victim of human trafficking

-Fear of the perpetrator -Victims may develop traumatic bonds with perpetrators and will defend them at all costs, even their own freedom -Sex trafficker takes on role of father, protector, provider, lover, etc... -Family void is filled by trafficker -The perpetrator often uses a system of punishment and reward - alternating between affection, threats, and violence toward the victim or persons or things that the victim loves - in order to keep and maintain control

Possible stress reactions during a life threatening encounter

-Flight -Fight -Freeze

Describe the Types of Child Abuse

-Physical (intended to harm) -Emotional or mental (child feeling unwanted, unloved, or worthless) -Sexual (don't understand the significance of the sexual act) -Neglect (pattern of unsafe or inadequate care)

Guidelines to be followed when taking field notes

-Head notebook page with day and time of shift -Do not place information from one incident on the same page with information from another incident -Write or print neatly so you can read and understand your notes later -Record all information in ink -Let victims and witnesses talk through the event before you start recording notes -Ask clarifying follow-up questions -Be as complete as possible -Consider the use of electronic data device or template -Do not record personal information in your notebook

The closure stage provides an important opportunity for law enforcement to learn

-How the runaway survived. -Investigate if other crimes were being committed at home that may have caused to child to run.

which a law enforcement agency must enter into ncic information regarding a missing person, 21 years of age or older, if foul play is suspected

-All information contained in the report must be entered into NCIC within 7 days -However, officers are strongly encouraged to enter the information immediately

LOSS model to recognize the nature of a person's crisis

-Loss of Reality -Loss of Hope -Loss of Control -Loss of Perspective

responsibilities of a law enforcement agency in a missing child case

-Response to the missing child report should be immediate -Understand there is no waiting period before a child can be reported missing -Immediately enter the information regarding all missing children, including runaways, into NCIC -Notify neighboring agencies -Notify the FBI, who are mandated to assist in searches for missing children under the age of 12 years old -Remove entry from NCIC if child is found

Ohio revised code statutory right afforded to victims of felonies, violent misdemeanors, or equivalent juvenile offenses

-Right to receive written information about rights as a crime victim ~After a law enforcement officer's initial contact with a victim of a crime, the law enforcement agency responsible for investigating the crime promptly shall give the victim, in writing, all of the following information... -Right to receive from the investigating law enforcement agency current information about the criminal investigation -Right to appoint a representative

factors that coupled with mental illness produce the greatest increase in the potential for violence

-Male -Forty years of age or younger, with untreated psychosis ~Paranoid symptoms ~Delusions ~Narcissism

Why victims often fear their sexual assault report will not be believed or taken seriously

-They knew the suspect -They are related to or closely acquainted with the suspect -They are intimidated because of the suspect's position, power, or social status -They engage in drug or alcohol use -They put themselves at risk by their actions -They have an arrest record or an outstanding warrant -They were engaged I illegal activity at the time of the offense

Why it is an officer responsibility to investigate all aspects of the runaways life

-Today, law enforcement is more aware of the fact that all missing children, including runaways, are at-risk and need to be located as quickly as possible for these primary reasons -Life on the run for these children is extremely dangerous -The longer they are on the street, the greater their chances of falling victim to those who wish to exploit them, including the potential of becoming victims of human trafficking

Class Characteristics

-Traits or characteristics of evidence that allow the item to be compared with a group. -Shared by all members of its class. -Cannot be identified to a single source

Indicators of a sovereign citizen extremist encounter

-UCC -republic of state -diplomat (no country listed) -a fictitious country or Native American tribe -DOT -Postmaster -constitution or constitutionalist -exempt •unusual behavior during the stop •unusual conversation and statements •property rights beliefs commonly held by many sovereign citizens

criteria are met for activating an Amber alert

-Under 18 -Belief that the abduction poses a credible threat of immediate danger of serious bodily harm or death to the child -Sufficient descriptive information about the child, the suspect, and/or the circumstances surrounding the abduction to believe that activation of the alert will help locate the child -Determine that the child is not a runaway and has not been abducted as a result of a family abduction, unless the investigation determines the child is in immediate danger of serious bodily harm or death

3 Phases of DUI Detection

-Vehicle in motion -Personal contact - SFST

rights afforded to all victims of crime by the Ohio Constitution

-Victims of all criminal offenses shall be accorded fairness, dignity, and respect in the criminal justice process -The general assembly shall define and provide by law ~Rights to reasonable and appropriate notice, information, access, and protection ~Rights to a meaningful role in the criminal justice process

Common beliefs among sovereign citizen extremists

-believe the government has no authority over individuals -may call themselves "freeman" or "common law citizens" -many reject all forms of government licensing

Indicators and behavior of defined criminal activity and potential terrorism nexus activity

-breach/attempted intrusion -misrepresentation -theft/loss/diversion -sabotage/tampering/vandalism -cyberattack -expresses or implied threat -aviation activity

Indicators and behaviors of potential criminal or non criminal activities requiring additional information during investigation

-eliciting information -testing or probing of security -recruiting/financing -photography -observation/surveillance -materials acquisition/storage -acquisition of expertise -weapons collection/discovery -sector-specific incident

practical and sensitive responses to the four core needs of crime victims

-The need to feel safe -Reassure and continue to reassure victims that they are safe in law enforcement presence by being attentive to your own words, tone of voice, posture, mannerisms, and actions

criteria are met for activating an endangered missing adult alert

-The person is confirmed to be missing -The individual is 65 years of age or older or has a mental impairment -The disappearance of the individual poses a credible threat of immediate danger of serious bodily harm or death to the individual -There is sufficient descriptive information about the individual and the circumstances surrounding the individual's disappearance to indicate that activation of the alert will help locate the individual

When locating agencies must obtain "hit" confirmation

1) Arresting the wanted person 2) Detaining the missing person 3) Seizing the stolen property 4) Charging the subject with violation a protection order

List the causes of compromised coping capacity

1) Brain chemistry 2) Deterioration of the brain 3) Developmental disabilities 4) Damage to the brain through blunt force, severe stress, and trauma 5) Unbearable stress that causes suicidal thinking/ actions 6) Substance abuse

Conditions under the ORC that allow Peace Officers to remove a child from his/her caregiver

1) Child is suffering from illness/ injury and is not receiving proper care. 2) Child is in immediate danger from surroundings and the removal is necessary to prevent harm. 3) Parent, guardian, custodian has abused, neglected another child in the household and to believe the child is in danger. 4) The conduct, conditions, and surroundings of the child or endangering the health, welfare, or safety of the child.

Describe the differences between traditional encounters and special population encounters

1) Difference is the increased need to be non-confrontational. 2) Special population encounters frequently benefit from a change in response to one in which de-escalation is the foundation.

EAR model's 3 phases of crisis encounter

1) Engage 2) Assess 3) Resolve

Identify all elements of the offense of Domestic Violence per R.C. 2919.25

1) Knowingly cause or attempt to cause physical harm to a family/ household member. 2) Recklessly cause serious physical harm to a family/ household member. 3) By threat or force knowingly cause a family/household member to believe that the offender will cause imminent physical harm to the family/ household member.

LEAPS: 5 basic tools that assist in generating compliance

1) Listen: actively listen and look interested 2) Empathize: try to understand where they're coming from 3) Ask: general open-ended questions and opinion- seeking questions to gain understanding 4) Paraphrase: in your own words, repeat the persons message 5) Summarize: condense all that has been said and indicate the outcome, keeping it brief, concise, and inarguable

Loss Model : Recognize the nature of a person's crisis

1) Loss of reality 2) Loss of hope 3) Loss of control 4) Loss of perspective

Identify the tactics and behaviors to avoid while engaging in de-escalation

1) Moving suddenly, giving rapid orders, or shouting. 2) Forcing a discussion. 3) Maintaining direct and continuous eye contact 4) Touching the person without letting the person know you intend to do so, unless essential to safety. 5) Crowding the person or moving into his/her comfort zone. 6) Expressing anger, impatience, or annoyance. 7) Assuming that a person who doesn't respond is ignoring you. 8) Using sarcasm or inflammatory language. 9) Lying or misleading the person to calm him/her down, unless extreme circumstances exist.

Four Core needs most victims have after a crime has been committed

1) Safety- need to feel safe 2) Healing- need to feel support and process trauma 3) Justice- the need to know " what comes next" and to relive fair treatment 4) Restitution- the need to pay for financial loss/ bills

What should first responders should ensure before collecting any device that may contain digital evidence?

1) Scene has been secured and documented 2) Legal authoeity exists to sieze evidence 3) Appropriate personal protective equipment is used

Reasons a victim may delay/ fail to report a rape/sexual assault

1) Victim is still suffering from the trauma of the event. 2) Victim knew the perp or had some acquaintance- type relationship. 3) Victim is intimidated by the perps position, power, or social status. 4) Victim may self-blame and think he/she was responsible for creating risk. 5) Drugs/ alcohol may have been impairing the victims judgement and memory. 6) Victim may feel responsible for not doing more to prevent it. 7) Encounters with the CJ system. 8) May have been previously victimized and they don't feel supported/believe when reporting previous incident. Fears that having been a victimized multiple times lowers the likelihood of being believed and receiving support.

ORC section that covers definitions related to MV offenses

.01

Identify the characteristics of a crisis state

1) An episode of mental and/ or emotional upheaval or distress that creates instability or danger, and causes behavior that is considered disruptive by the community, by friends or family members of the person and/ or by the person. 2) The elements of disruption and danger are why, in these situations, may people call law enforcement rather than emergency medical services/ mental health agencies. 3) Often there is a perception event that triggers the crisis: a) an emotional/ medical event b) persons perception to the event may be accurate, erroneous, or somewhere in between c) regardless of the accuracy of their perception, the persons normal methods of coping and solving problems fail, resulting in a breakdown of control, inability to respond appropriately, a feeling of being "overwhelmed"

Four Causes of Illegible Fingerprints

1. Failure to produce the focal points 2. Allowing the fingers to slip or twist 3. Failure to clean the fingers and equipment of foreign substances and perspiration 4. Insufficient ink

2 common methods an officer can be injured or killed during a initiated contact

1. Felonious assault 2. Crash

State the steps for administering first aid to an individual who has been exposed to the chemical agents OC or CS

1. Remove person from contaminated area 2. Encourage person to remain calm and to not rub eyes 3. Flush affected tissue areas with clean fresh water 4. May use baby shampoo, never use any product that contains chlorine bleach 5. If person's condition is questionable; seek professional medical attention

Responsibilities of a law enforcement agency in a missing child's case

1. Response to the missing child report should be immediate. 2. Understand there is no waiting period before a child can be reported missing. 3. Immediately enter the info regarding all missing children to NCIC. (including runaways) 4. Notify neighboring agencies. 5. Notify FBI who are mandated to assist in searches for children under 12 yrs old. 6. Remove entry from NCIC if child is found.

How many clues are in the HGN test?

-3 per eye = total of 6

Infant CPR skills <1 year old

-Hand position: 2 or 3 fingers on lower half of chest, - One finger width below nipple line. - Compression depth: 1/2 - 1 inch cycle: 30 compressions, 2 breaths rate: 30 compressions in 18 seconds.

Describe measures the officer can take to control contamination at a crime scene

-PPE -Do not talk over evidence -Disposable and sterilized equipment

needs most victims have after a crime has been committed

-Safety- the need to feel safe -Healing- the need to feel supported and process their trauma -Justice-the need to know "what comes next" and to receive fair treatment -Restitution- the need to pat for financial losses of bills

A Peace Officer's Main Goals

-enforce laws -preserve the peace -prevent crimes -protect civil rights and liberties -provide services

Indicators of narcotic use

"On the nod" Droopy eyelids Depressed reflexes Dry mouth Facial itching Low/raspy speech Fresh puncture marks

Handgun

(1) Any firearm that has a short stock and is designed to be held and fired by the use of a single hand; (2) Any combination of parts from which a firearm of a type described in division (C)(1) of this section can be assembled.

2925.12(A) - Possessing Drug Abuse Instruments

(A) No person shall knowingly make, obtain, possess, or use any instrument, article, or thing the customary and primary purpose of which is for the administration or use of a dangerous drug, other than marihuana, when the instrument involved is a hypodermic or syringe, whether or not of crude or extemporized manufacture or assembly, and the instrument, article, or thing involved has been used by the offender to unlawfully administer or use a dangerous drug, other than marihuana, or to prepare a dangerous drug, other than marihuana, for unlawful administration or use.

Rape (R.C. 2907.02)

(Strict Liability) Engage in sexual conduct with another by purposely compelling submission by force or threat of force

Impersonation of Peace Officer or Private Police Officer (R.C. 2921.51)

(Strict liability) Commit a felony while impersonating any from of a police officer or federal agent

Impersonation of Peace Officer or Private Police Officer (R.C. 2921.51)

(Strict liability) arrest, detain, search, any person or property by impersonating any form of police officer or federal agent

common defense attorney tactics and counter tactics Verbal badgering and staring

+ Used to anger the officer so the officer loses composure 1. Counter tactics - Remain calm - look at the person who is asking the question then answer the question to the jury or judge

Smith System Approach to Driving

- Aim high in driving - Keep you eyes moving - Get the big picture - Leave yourself an out - Make sure others can see you

Clearing Intersections

- Allow for others to adjust to the law enforcement vehicle's approach - Adjust your speed so that others see and hear the emergency warning devices

absence of consent or exigent circumstances, must do before entering a private residence to make an arrest

- Arrest warrants, making an arrest in the home of a third party, -a search warrant to search the premises of the person to be arrested

active listening

- Attempting to hear and understand what a person is saying - Purpose: most persons in crisis have a desire to be heard and be understood - Active listening is critical in developing a relationship that will assist in crisis resolution

consent search is valid

- Consent is voluntarily given - Person giving consent his authority to give consent - No other person with authority that is present has refused

Chain of Custody

- Labeling evidence - Factors to show integrity of evidence in the chain of custody - Information a chain of custody must reflect (who found or had contact, to whom it was given, reason to give it to them, when & by whom it was returned, any changes made, where & how it was stored until court) - Paperwork for the chain of custody must remain w/ evidence - Info on evidence tag (Date & time recovered, location of recovery, RB#, Item#, Description, Recovering officer's initials & ID#, marked biohazard if necessary, victim's name if known, type of crime)

Types of fingerprint impressions an officer may encounter

- Latent - Patent (visible) - Plastic

LEAPS and it's five basic communication tools that assist in generating compliance

- Listen actively listen and look interested - Emphasize try to understand where the person is coming from - Ask general open ended questions and opinion seeking questions to gain understanding - Paraphrase in your own words, repeat the person's message - Summarize condense all that was said and indicate the outcome

three broad categories of exigent circumstance

- Lives or property is in intimate danger or a serious crime is in progress - evidence will be destroyed or removed if officers postpone taking action - in hot pursuit of a felon who flees and takes refuge inside

What information should be relayed to dispatch prior to activating lights and sirens

- Location - Vehicle registration (plate/state) - Vehicle characteristics - Vehicle occupants - Offense

Factors to consider in determining if an individual is in custody:

- Location of interrogation - The number of officers present - The attitude of the officers toward the person being questioned. - The stage of the investigation - Whether or not the suspect is free to leave

Individual approaches to stress management

- Manage responsibility - Practice self-awareness - Have balanced lifestyle - Apply stress reduction techniques - Take time for life - Humor

Measures to control contamination

- PPE - Don't touch your face, hair, cell, etc. while wearing gloves - Change gloves often, between samples & when soiled - Don't talk over evidence - Use disposable or sterilized equipment - Sterilize all reusable equipment - Don't change environment inside the perimeter

Functional hemorrhage control

- Pack with gauze, hold direct pressure, apply trauma dressing. - 3 mins of application.

four dimensions of a whole person and the focus of each that, collectively, contribute to a person's effectiveness

- Physical healthy body: strength and endurance - Emotional healthy heart: positive emotions, managing energy - Mental healthy mind: feeding, challenging, growing the mind - Spiritual healthy spirit: purposeful, serving a cause, faithful to self

Physical harm to persons and serious physical harm to persons

- Physical harm to persons: any injury, illness, or other psychological impairment, regardless of its gravity or duration - Serious physical harm to persons: any mental illness or condition of such gravity as would normally require hospitalization or prolonged psychiatric treatment. Any physical harm that involves some permanent incapacity, rather partial or total, or that involves some temporary, substantial incapacity. Any physical harm that involves acute pain of such duration as to result in substantial suffering or that involves any degree of prolonged pain

Vehicle identity

- Plate matches registration - VIN - Federal certification sticker

5 crime scene search patterns

- Strip & line - Grid - Spiral - Zone - Wheel

Major item to be alert for during medical mental screening

- Suicidal thoughts and plans - Potentially serious mental health issues that require Immediate attention - Use of less lethal - Assaultive behavior - Deformaties and ease of movement

curtilage from open fields

- The immediate area surrounding the home - Open Fields: Carrie no Fourth amendment protections - Immediately adjacent to the dwelling that it is part of the house

When can an officer arrest for a minor misdemeanor?

- The offender is unable to provide for his/her safety ex-offenders cannot offer satisfactory proof of his/her identity - Refuses to sign citation - Offender was previously issued a citation for the same misdemeanor and failed to appear.

length of time involved in a motor vehicle detention

- The purpose of the stop - Time reasonably needed to effectuate those purpose

what time period is allowed to for a drive by ID?

1-2 hours

Cardinal Rules of crime scene photography

1. Fill the Frame 2. Maximize the depth of field. 3. Keep the lens perpendicular to the subject.

Info an officer should gather during a preliminary interview in a family abduction missing child case.

1. Determine who has custody rights. 2. Confirm the suspected family member as the actual abductor 3. Ask questions to establish the intent of the abductor. 4. Ask additional questions.

Areas of concern related to vehicle stop assessment

1. Pre-contact: prior Knowledge, observations, experiences before contact. 2. Environmental concerns: weather condition, traffic speed. Number/ actions visible occupants 3. Sensory sweep: using all five senses during and after encounter.

2 legal foundations in making a vehicle stop

1. Probable cause 2. Reasonable suspicion

Number of clues needed to fail Walk & Turn test

2

Number of clues needed to fail the one leg stand test

2

Adult and Child CPR

2 inches deep, 100 compression/minute, 30 compressions & 2 breaths (one-rescuer)

Officers assumed authority for traffic control

2921.331A- No person shall fail to comply with lawful order or direction of any police officer invested with authority to direct, control, or regulate traffic.

what orc covers LINEUPS?

2933

Number of clues to fail HGN

4

ORC chapter that covers drivers license suspensions

4510

ORC chapter that covers moving violations

4511

Operation of a vehicle under the influence

4511.19

Physical control of vehicle under influence

4511.194

ORC chapter that covers equipment violations

4513

ORC chapter that covers MV crimes

4549

handcuffing may be considered unreasonable force

4th amendment prohibits unduly tight or excessive forceful handcuffing during the course of a seizure

How many sequence of events can you have for a traffic crash?

6 events.

How many clues are in the walk and turn test?

8

Tourniquet

A device used for bleeding control that constricts all blood flow to and from an extremity.

Recognize criminal gangs and members

A group must meet all four criteria to be a gang Recurrent interaction - the group interacts together on a regular and recurring basis Organization/structure/leadership Formal or informal identifiable structure, organization, or leadership within the group Unity and signs of unity - the group demonstrates an apparent cohesiveness and allegiance that manifests itself in a common name, symbol, or sign. colors, tattoos, dress Pattern of criminal gang activity - members of the group, individually or collectively, engage in criminal activity that Benefits the group or Is related to the beliefs of, or membership in, the group, or Enhances a member's status within the group

Distress

A negative stress that can make a person sick or can decrease performance.

Eustress

A positive stress that energizes a person and helps a person reach a goals, deadlines, and competition,

Two general categories for vehicle stops

1. Unknown risk 2. High risk

Sawed-Off

A shotgun with a barrel less than eighteen inches long, or a rifle with a barrel less than sixteen inches long, or a shotgun or rifle less than twenty-six inches long overall.

Rescue Task Force

A team of 3 (EMS) and 2 Police that operate in the warm zone to triage patients, provide care, and coordinate casualty evacuation.

High-Risk Vehicle Stop

A vehicle stop which has a high potential for felonious assault or vehicle crash.

Unknown-Risk Vehicle Stop

A vehicle stop which has an unknown potential for felonious assault or vehicle crash.

2925.37 Counterfeit controlled substance offenses.

A) No person shall knowingly possess any counterfeit controlled substance. (B) No person shall knowingly make, sell, offer to sell, or deliver any substance that the person knows is a counterfeit controlled substance. (C) No person shall make, possess, sell, offer to sell, or deliver any punch, die, plate, stone, or other device knowing or having reason to know that it will be used to print or reproduce a trademark, trade name, or other identifying mark upon a counterfeit controlled substance. (D) No person shall sell, offer to sell, give, or deliver any counterfeit controlled substance to a juvenile. (E) No person shall directly or indirectly represent a counterfeit controlled substance as a controlled substance by describing its effects as the physical or psychological effects associated with use of a controlled substance. (F) No person shall directly or indirectly falsely represent or advertise a counterfeit controlled substance as a controlled substance. As used in this division, "advertise" means engaging in "advertisement," as defined in section 3715.01 of the Revised Code.

Elements of the following selected offences of RC chapter 2921 tampering with evidence

Alter, destroy, conceal, or remove any record, document, or thing, with purpose to impair its value or availability as evidence in such proceeding or investigation

Ninhydrine Test

Amino Acids/ proteins

explain crime

An act that the law makes punishable

Signs of Gang Membership

An individual must meet two or more of the indicators to be considered a gang member Admits to being a member of a group that meets the Revised Code criteria of a gang A reliable informant identifies the person as a gang member Resides in or frequents a particular gang's area Adopts a particular gang's style of dress, symbols, or tattoos Associates with known gang members or association can be proved through social media or other means Has been arrested in the company of identified gang members for offenses consistent with gang activity Has a documented criminal history

Civil Protection Order (CPO)

An order obtained through the domestic relations or common pleas court even though criminal charges are not going to be filed Broader in-scope then the TPO because it can be in effect up to FIVE years and it can include other provisions

Deadly Ordnance

Any automatic or sawed-off firearm, zip-gun, or ballistic knifeAny explosive device or incendiary device

Define explosive device

Any device designed or specially adapted to cause physical harm to persons or property by means of an explosion and Consisting of an explosive substance or agency and a means to detonate it Includes, without limitation, any bomb, any explosive demolition device, any blasting cap or detonator containing an explosive charge and Any pressure vessel that has been knowingly tampered with or arranged so as to explode

Two modes of thinking

Automatic (System 1) More deliberative (System 2)

attorney general office produced booklet titled Ohio crime victims' rights: helping crime victims rebuild their lives

Available to agencies for free. Contains most of the information officers are required to provide the victim; except for the name and phone numbers of the investigating officer, prosecutor, and local resources Includes hotlines and services for victims of crime guides the victim's through there statutory rights

Involuntary Servitude

Being compelled to perform labor/ services against one's will.

Counters stereotypic imaging

Develop new associations by looking at positive examples that challenge negative associations

Communication between officer and detention facility personnel

Discovery of relevant information leading to arrest and if the arresting officer is not the escorting office.

Indicators of inhalant use

Disorientation Slurred speech Residue of substance on hands, face, clothing Confusion Possible nausea

Obstructing Official Business (R.C. 2921.31)

Do any act that hampers or impedes a public official in the performance of the publics officials lawful duties without the privilege to do so with purpose to obstruct

Technique of containment used when collecting small items such as hair, fibers, or glass fragments

Druggist fold

considerations when taking a person into emergency custody

Every reasonable and appropriate effort must be made to take persons into custody in the least conspicuous manner possible

civil liability considerations associated with using Force against those with diminished capacity/mental illness

Federal court have ruled that the diminished capacity of an unarmed suspect must be taken into account

Plain Feel Doctrine

Feels an object that he/she immediately recognizes as contraband, may be seized even if he/she knows it is not a weapon

Severity of crime for misuse of LEADS

Felony of the 5th degree

Severity of crime for misuse of OHLEG

Felony of the 5th degree

When info obtained from LEADS may be shared

For criminal justice purposes only.

How OHLEG is to be utilized

For criminal justice/ law enforcement use only.

Voyeurism (R.C. 2907.08)

For the purpose of sexually arousing or gratifying the persons self, commit trespass or other wise invade the privacy of another to spy or eavesdrop upon another

Voyeurism (R.C. 2907.08)

For the purpose of sexually arousing or gratifying the persons self, commit trespass or otherwise invade the privacy of another to videotape, film or photograph or other wise record in a state of nudity

Voyeurism (R.C. 2907.08)

For the purpose of sexually arousing or gratifying the persons self, commit trespass or otherwise invade the privacy of another to videotape, film or photograph or other wise record in a state of nudity / victim is a minor

Elements of the following selected offenses of RC chapter 2917 Misconduct at emergency:

Hamper the lawful operations of any law enforcement officer, firefighter, rescuer, medical person, emergency medical services person, or other authorized person, engaged in the person's duties at the scene of a fire, accident, disaster, riot, or emergency of any kind

required to make a investigatory stop

Have reasonable, articulable suspicion to initiate the stop. The officer must be able to articulate the reasons for his/ her belief that criminal activity was "afoot" (the officer must reasonably suspect that... • A crime is about to be committed or • A crime is being committed

similarities and differences between traditional and non-traditional media

Similarities: both are afforded the same first amendment protections, same physical access to the scene of an incident as each other and any private citizen Differences: none traditional media primary objective is often sensationalism, whereas one of traditional media's primary objectives is accuracy

How do you list the sequence of events?

Starts with the first harmful event then include the most relevant events ending with the most harmful event.

Peace Officers duties in response to gang problems

Stay educated on gang trends, names, colors, members Document any potential gang activity with notes and photography Become familiar with jurisdiction and take notice of repeat offenders and the nicknames used Develop contacts with other agencies to share information

Cumulative stress

Stress arousal that slowly builds up over time which may lead to to the erosion of coping mechanism or to the state of mental exhaustion.

allow an officer to remove a child from his/her caregiver

Suffering from an illness or injury and not receiving proper care, immediate danger, has abused or neglected another child in the home, endangering health, welfare, or safety of the child

Non-Traditional Media

Individuals or groups, operating outside of the traditional media outlets who regularly post info on websites and social media platforms. And citizen journalists who randomly and opportunistically capture events that have the potential to go viral.

obtain specific information about others (implicit bias)

Initially engaging in a meaningful way with others are different from you, rather than relying on stereotypical references

Interference with Custody (R.C. 2919.23)

Knowing the person is without privilege or being reckless in that regard take or harbor a person from a parent or guardian when the person is a child under 18, mental or physically handicapped.

Elements of the offense of domestic violence per RC 2919. 25

Knowingly - Cause or attempt to cause physical harm to a family or household member Recklessly - Cause serious physical harm to a family or household member By threat or force, knowingly - Cause a family or household member to believe that the offender will cause imminent physical harm to the family or household member

Illegal conveyance of weapons, drugs or other prohibited items onto grounds of detention facility or institution (RC 2921.36)

Knowingly attempt to convey or convey a deadly weapon or illegal substance into a mental health facility, Youth Services facility, corrections or rehabilitation center

Soliciting or Accepting Improper Compensation (R.C. 2921.43)

Knowingly solicit or accept-promise or give to a public servant any compensation to perform the public servants official duties

Gross Sexual Imposition (R.C. 2907.05)

Knowingly touch the genitalia of a person under 12 whether or not the offender knows the person age when the touching is not through the clothing is done with intent to abuse or arouse or gratify the sexual desires of any person.

Criteria that must be met before activating a Blue Alert

Law Enforcement officer has been seriously injured/ killed, missing on duty warranting concern for officer's safety

Consider initiating a vehicle pursuit

Legal and with agency policy officers are bounded by the restrictions rather agreed to or not.

LAST model ( persons suicidal intent)

Lethality of chosen method. Availability of choice method. Specificity of the plan. Timing

what are the different types of legal gambling in OHIO?

License casino games keno lottery tickets video lottery licensed bingo horse racing

Laser

Light Amplification of Stimulated Emission of Radiation

2925.04 (A)(C)(1)

Manufacturing of drugs-cultivate marijuana

Chemical that develops fingerprints by its reaction with amino acids, also used on porous surfaces

Ninhydrin

Dereliction of Duty (R.C.2921.44)

No L.E officer having charge of a detention facility shall neglifently allow the facility to become unsanitary, or fail to provide person with medical attention, food, clothing, bedding, shelter or fail to control and unruly prisoner or fail to prevent physical harm to another or allow a prisoner to escape

Dereliction of Duty (R.C.2921.44)

No L.E officer ministerial, or judicial officer shall negligently fail to preform a lawful duty in a criminal case or proceeding

Dereliction of Duty (R.C 2921.44)

No L.E officer shall negligently fail to serve a lawful warrant without delay or prevent or half the commission of offense or to apprehend an offender when it is the law enforcement officers power to do so

Contributing to Unruliness or Delinquency of a Child (R.C. 2919.24)(B)(1)-(3)

No person including a parent or guardian shall recklessly aide or encourage or contribute to a child of the juvenile court to become unruly or delinquent

Possession of Firearm in Beer Liquor Permit Premises- Prohibition Exception (R.C. 2923.121)

No person shall (Recklessness) possess a firearm in any room where alcohol is being consumed where a D permit has been issued or in an open air arena

Using Weapons While Intoxicated (R.C. 2923.15)

No person shall (Strict Liability) carry or use any firearm or dangerous ordnance while under the influence

Soliciting- (R.C. 2907.24)

No person shall (Strict Liability) solicit another into sexual activity for hire. Includes minors whether they know age or not, or the person has a developmental disability and the offender knows or should know.

Falsification of concealed handgun license (RC 2923.1211)

No person shall alter or create a concealed handgun license or possess a license that has been revoked or suspended

Possessing deface firearm (RC 2923.201)

No person shall alter the name of manufacturer model manufacturers serial number or ID on a firearm

Prohibition against consumption of beer or intoxicating liquor in motor vehicle (RC. 4301.64)

No person shall consume any Alcohol in a vehicle

Prohibitions (RC. 4507.30)

No person shall display or possess a fake ID, lend an ID to another person, represent another person's ID as their own, or fail to surrender ID when revoked or suspended

Underage persons offense concerning (RC. 4301.69)

No person shall give alcohol to a minor unless given by a physician, religious purposes, or supervised by legal Guardian

Open container of beer or intoxicating liquor prohibited at certain premises (RC: 4301.62)

No person shall have an open container in or around a public place store or vehicle

Obstructing inspection of search or premises prohibited (RC. 4301.66)

No person shall hinder any agent or employee but division of liquor control or Department of Public safety or officer from making inspections

Arson (R.C. 2909.03)

No person shall knowingly cause or create a substantial risk of harm by fire or explosion without consent. Shall not do the above with purpose to defraud

Vandalism (R.C. 2909.05)

No person shall knowingly cause serious physical harm to an occupied structure. No person shall knowingly cause physical harm to property that is used for business and the value is over 1000 dollars or regardless of the value when the property is necessary for the owner to engage in their business. Shall not knowingly cause serious damage to government owned, leased, or operated property

Compelling Prostitution (R.C. 2907.21)

No person shall knowingly compel another to engage in sexual activity for hire or induce, procure, encourage one. Pay or agree to pay a minor or their agent whether they know the age or not. Shall not allow a minor to engage in sexual activity for hire as a parent or guardian

Illegal conveyance or possession of deadly weapon or dangerous ordinance or of object in distinguishable from firearm in school safety zone (RC 2923.122)

No person shall knowingly conveyor attempt to convey a deadly weapon or dangerous ordinance on a school safety zone.

Hidden Compartments (R.C. 2923.241)

No person shall knowingly design or create a vehicle with a hidden compartment or modify the vehicle with intent to facilitate the unlawful transportation of a controlled substance or use the vehicle with the compartment with knowledge that it is used or intended to be used in that manner. No convicted felon of Agg trafficking in drugs shall use a vehicle with a hidden compartment.

Criminal Trespass (R.C. 2911.21)

No person shall knowingly enter or remain on land of another No person shall knowingly or recklessly remain on the land of another which is restricted to certain persons, hours, or events when the person knows they are not authorized or are reckless in that regard. No person shall recklessly enter or remain on the land of another when restriction (NOTICE) was advised in communication either directly or by a sign advising of such or or by fleeing or other enclosure manifestly designed to restrict access. No person shall negligently fail or refuse to leave after being notified to do so by signage posted while being on the land.

Furnishing false information to obtain beer or intoxicating liquor for persons under 21 (RC 4301.633)

No person shall knowingly furnish any false information as to identifiers of persons under 21 years of age (When purchasing for the minor)

Criminal Mischief (R.C. 2909.07)

No person shall knowingly move, deface, damage, destroy, or otherwise improperly tamper with property or with the purpose to decrease the value of or enjoyment of property, if both of the following apply: the residential property is subject to a mortgage and the person has been served with a summons and complaint in a pending resident mortgage loan foreclosure action relating to that real property. Shall not purposely employ tear gas, stink bomb or other device that is harmful or offensive Shall not move a boundary marker Shall not tamper with safety devices so that will diminish its capabilities or availability. Shall not set fire on the land, or place personal property on land that has been set on fire with purpose to interfere with use and enjoyment.

Criminal Damaging or Endangering (R.C. 2909.06)

No person shall knowingly or recklessly cause or create a risk physical harm to any property owned by another. OR by means of fire, explosion, flood, poison gas, poison radioactive material, caustic or corrosive material, or other inherently dangerous agency or substance.

Receiving Stolen Property (R.C. 2913.51)

No person shall knowingly receive, retain or dispose of property of another knowing or should know that it is from a theft.

interrogation

The formal, systematic, or intensive questioning by police of a person arrested or suspected of committing a crime

Define the term strip search

The inspection of a naked individual without scrutinizing the subject's body cavities

Strip search

The inspection of a naked individual without scrutinizing the subject's body cavities.

considerations to be made when investigating a missing child or adult and when

The missing child or adult you are investigating may be a victim of human trafficking; the victim of human trafficking that you are recovering may have been reported missing

Frequency

The number of waves transmitted in 1 second.

interview

The questioning of a victim, witness or other person with information related to a incident or case

Factors to consider on discontinuing a vehicle pursuit

The safety of the public and yourself.

Critical Incident Stress

The stress a person experiences which has a stressful impact sufficient enough to overwhelm.

Two conditions for an officer to read the miranda warning to a suspect:

The suspect is in custody ANDThe suspect is being questioned/interrogated.

Electronic Surveillance

The use of electronic equipment by law enforcement agents to record private conversations or observe conduct that is meant to be private.

Paraphernalia Associated with Heroin Use

Tiny knotted balloons the size of a pencil eraser, syringes, spoons, cotton swabs, cigarette filters, pieces of foil, bottoms of soda cans, gel capsules, folded paper bindles (e.g., lottery ticket cards), small squares cut from grocery bags, small containers of water, containers made to carry some or all of the paraphernalia

Why the closure stage provides an important opportunity for law enforcement

To learn not only about how the runaway survived, but to investigate if other crimes were being committed at home that may have caused the child to run

Sexual Contact

Touching of erogenous zones of another including the thighs, buttocks, genitals, pubic region or breast for the purpose of sexually arousing or gratifying the other person

Traditional and non-traditional media

Traditional - Television, radio, print, social media and internet accounts they maintain. Non-Traditional - Individuals or groups, operating outside of the traditional media outlets who regularly post info on websites and social media platforms. And citizen journalists who randomly and opportunistically capture events that have the potential to go viral.

Officer considerations when dispatched to a crime in progress

Urgency of situation Safety of any victim Traffic conditions for other responding units Anyone/anything that appears to be out of ordinary Record license plate numbers of vehicles leaving scene Arrive quietly Make arrival using parallel streets do not park directly in front of location

Items to consider when exercising discretion

Use sound judgement to determine which laws are to be formally enforced

Indicators of dissociative anesthetic use

Warm to touch Perspiring Blank stare Repetitive speech Incomplete verbal responses Confused Muscle rigidity Possible violent and combative

Variables an officers should use to assess the presence of an intimate

Weapon being present Capability of that weapon

Sealing chest wounds

Wipe off fluids from area, peel off adhesive, center the seal over the wound and secure with tape.

Improper Handling of Firearms in a MV (R.C. 2923.16)

No person shall knowingly transport or have a firearm in a MV where it is accessible to the driver or passenger without leaving the vehicle. Unless they may lawfully possess under law and it is unloaded, and carried in one of the following ways: in a closed package or in a compartment that can only be reached by leaving the vehicle or in plain sight in a rack or holder, or if at least 24 inches and barrel is 18 inches, either in plain sight with action open or weapon stripped or in plain sight if action will not remain open or not easily stripped. Shall not knowingly transport or have a loaded firearm when under the influence regardless if they are a driver or passenger No person who has a CCW, is an armed active duty member and is the driver or occupant of a MV that is stopped by an LEO shall fail to inform the LEO that they have a CCW and have their firearm OR Fails to remain in the vehicle or fail to keep hands in plain sight during the stop or has contact with the firearm unless given other directions or fail to comply with any lawful order.

Unauthorized use of a Vehicle (R.C. 2913.03)

No person shall knowingly use or operate a motor vehicle without consent. Shall not remove it from this state and keep it for more than 48 hours.

Unauthorized use of Property- Computer, Cable, or Telecommunication Property (R.C. 2913.04)

No person shall knowingly use or operate the property of another without consent. Shall not gain access or attempt to gain access to any electronic device by hacking or other method without consent. No person shall knowingly gain access to or attempt to gain access to or cause Access to be granted to or disseminate information gained from access to the law Enforcement automated database (LEADS) without consent from those authorized.

Possessing Criminal Tools (R.C. 2923.24)

No person shall possess or have under control a substance, or device with purpose to use criminally.

Agg Trespassing (R.C. 2911.211)

No person shall purposely enter or remain on the land with purpose to commit a misdemeanor which involved causing physical harm or believing they will cause physical harm.

Forgery (R.C. 2913.31)

No person shall purposely or knowingly forge any writing without authority. Shall not purport it to be genuine, or a copy of the original when one did not exist, or possess with purpose to utter an item knowing it is forged. Shall not knowingly forge an ID card or sell it.

Disrupting Public Service (R.C. 2909.04)

No person shall purposely or knowingly interrupt or impair radio and communication devices used for public service or emergency communications or public transportation or substantially impair the ability of law enforcement officers, firefighters, rescue Personnel, emergency medical services personnel, or emergency facility personnel to respond to an emergency or protect and preserve any person or property from serious physical harm by any means or by damaging or tampering with property. No person shall knowingly use or tamper with any computer system to interfere with any police, emergency, or government operations.

Passing Bad Checks (R.C. 2913.11)

No person shall purposely or knowingly shall issue or transfer or cause to be issued or transferred a check or the negotiable instrument in which they know will not be honored, or will issue a stop payment.

Disorderly Conduct (RC: 2917.11)

Causing annoyance by fighting, unreasonable noise or interfere with freedom of movement from pedestrians on the street

Elements of Terrorism

Commit a specified offense with purpose to - intimidate others coerce a civilian population -influence the government by intimidation or coercion -affect the conduct of any government by the specified offense

General indicators of meth labs

Containers with layers of both liquids and solids, containers with multiple layers of liquid, containers with tubes or hoses attached

Transfer of outside material to the crime scene

Contamination

2925.37

Counterfeit controlled substance offenses.

Misuse of Credit Cards (R.C. 2913.21)

No person shall purposely practice deception for the purpose of procuring (Obtaining) or knowingly buy or sell from or to a person other than that person. No person shall purposely obtain control over a credit card as security for a debt with purpose to defraud. No person shall purposely/ knowingly furnish property or services upon presentation of a credit card, represent or cause to be represented to the issuer of a credit card that property or services.

Theft (R.C. 2913.02)

No person shall purposely/ knowingly obtain or exert control over either the property or services without consent by deception, threat or intimidation.

Loitering To Engage In Solicitation (R.C. 2907.241)

No person shall stop or attempt to stop, or engage in conversation with purpose to solicit another to engage in sexual activity for hire

Burglary (R.C. 2911.12)

No person shall trespass in an occupied structure when someone other than an accomplice is present or likely to be present by force, stealth or deception to commit any criminal offense. No person shall (knowingly, recklessly, negligently trespass in a permanent or temporary habitation of any person when any person other than the accomplice of the offender is present or likely to be present by force, stealth, or deception.

Transfer of evidence within the scene

Cross-contamination

Paraphernalia Associated with Methamphetamine Use

Cut straws, pipes, mirrors, needles, butane torches, foil, MSM (joint supplement mainly used to cut ice/crystal meth)

Purchase of beer or intoxicating liquor by persons under 21 prohibited (RC: 4301.63)

No person under 21 shall purchase liquor

Robbery (R.C. 2911.02)

No person while committing a theft offense shall possess a deadly weapon, or inflict, attempt to inflict, or threaten to inflict serious physical harm on another or threaten the use of force on someone while attempting or committing that offense or while fleeing from a theft offense

Endangering Children (R.C. 2919.22)

No person who is the parent or guardian of a child under 28 or mentally/ physically handicapped child under 21 years old shall recklessly created a substantial risk to the child's safety or health

Dereliction of Duty (R.C.2921.44)

No public official shall recklessly create a deficiency, incur a liability, spend a greater sum than that is appropriate by the state or governing assembly.

Dereliction of Duty (R.C.2921.44)

No public servant shall recklessly fail to preform a duty imposed by law with respect to the public servants officer or recklessly do any act forbidden by law with respect to the public servants office.

Evidence of a crime being motivated by hate or bias

Offender is of different race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, ethnicity, or gender identity. Bias based are related to oral comments or written states made by offender. The presence of visible symbols. The victim is overwhelmingly outnumbered by a specific group. Victim was visiting neighborhood where previous hate crime took place. Victim was engaged in activities related to his/her race, religion, gender identity, sexual orientation.

Primary responsibilities of first responder to a crime scene

Officer Safety - constantly be aware of surroundings - only unload & secure a weapon if someone unauthorized could reach it Rendering Aid - note/document objects moved during aid - attempt to mitigate damage done through reasonable limitations that don't limit life saving measures - if person is sent to hospital, officer shall go with them - secure the scene - deal with witnesses

Unknown Risk (Building Searches)

Officer is unsure if the area/ structure is occupied. Officer thinks the suspect is in the building or not, the search should always be conducted as if a suspect is in the structure.

Which of the following is a responsibility of the first responder to a crime scene?

Officer safety & rendering aid

who regulates keno, video lottery, lottery tickets?

Ohio lottery commission

permissible for citizens to film police

One party to the encounter consent

Most utilized methods of manufacturing meth in OH

One pot shake n bake Red phosphorous Bitch

Temporary Protection Order (TPO)

Order from the court that is available after a family/household member is charged with a violent/sexually oriented offense. *Effective for the length of the case*

2925.13

Permitting Drug Abuse

Two-pronged Approach to Procedural Justice

Person-based approach - emphasizes the importance of face-to-face interactions between an officer and a citizen Community-based model - ultimate goal is to achieve police legitimacy throughout entire society

2925.12(A)

Possessing Drug Abuse Instruments

Identify the critical components of an IED

Power source - can be electrical, mechanical, or chemical Initiator - most initiators are highly sensitive to heat, shock, and friction. The initiator is required to provide the additional energy needed to start a chain reaction within an explosive Explosive main charge - the part of the IED that causes most of the damage and injuries by creating the blast pressure which creates fragmentation Switch - provides an on/off feature that is necessary in an electric circuit to maintain control of the power applied to an initiator. Switches generally perform the function of firing or arming a device Container - used to conceal, transport, and to increase lethality

Types of primary and secondary injuries that a victim may suffer

Primary: a) physical injuries, including death/disfigurement b) financial loss leading to economic hardship c) emotional trauma and reactions Secondary: a) injustice- believing system has "let them down" or doesn't really care, believing the LEO doesn't believe in them b) indignities- having to repeat details, possibly several times and in public c) isolation- lack of follow-up; failing to keep the victim informed of the case investigation and prosecution process.

Purpose of the Bill of Rights

Protect individual liberties against the government

What is a peace officers first priority in protecting the scene of a crash?

Protect the crash victims and the first responders

Gross Sexual Imposition (R.C. 2907.05)

Purposely (same as above) when the ability of the other person is impaired because of mental condition, physical condition, or advanced age.

Escape (R.C. 2921.34)

Purposely break or attempt to break the detention or fail to return to detention knowing the person is under other than supervised release detention or being reckless in that regard

Gross Sexual Imposition (R.C. 2907.05)

Purposely have sexual contact or cause another to or impair another to prevent resistance by force, threat or deception

Sexual Imposition (R.C. 2907.06)

Purposely have sexual contact with another or cause another to have sexual contact when the offender knows the sexual contact is offensive, offender knows the other person Is impaired, the other person is less than 13 years old.

Radar stands for what?

Radio Detection and Ranging.

officer should do if the initial missing child investigation is complete and the child is not found

Reach out to additional resources, such as surrounding agencies, a local Child Abduction Response Team (CART) (if one is in your area), BCI, and the FBI

private search of a motor vehicle for weapons

Reasonable suspicion based on specific and articulable facts that the driver or passenger are dangerous and can gain control of a weapon

Failure to Disclose Person Information (R.C. 2921.29)

Recklessly Refuse, name address or date of birth in a public place where an L.E has suspected a criminal offense is about to be committed or has been committed

Interference with Custody (R.C. 2919.23)

Recklessly aide or abet a child or ward of the juvenile court has been committed to the custody of any person to leave that custody without legal consent

Resisting Arrest (R.C. 2921.33 (A)(C)(1)-(2)

Recklessly by force resist or interfere with a lawful arrest of the person or another or cause physical harm to a L.E officer during the resistance or with a deadly weapon or brandish a deadly weapon during the arrest

Public Indecency (R.C.2907.09)

Recklessly expose the private parts of another or engage in masturbation or what looks like masturbation in public

Failure to Comply with or signal of police officer (R.C. 2921.331)

Recklessly fail to comply with any lawful order given by any police officer/willfully fleeing

Voyeurism (R.C. 2907.08)

Record under or through the clothing being warn by that other person.

Indicators of Cannabis Use

Red eyes Body tremors Odor of marijuana Relaxed inhibitions Difficulty dividing attention

A target vehicle is approaching. What will the radar do?

Reflect and compress the wave back.

Recognize your own stereotypes

Reflecting on why the response occurred creates a process to consider how to avoid the bias response and replace it with an unbiased one

Asses a dog's behavior

Relaxed - play bow/ body wiggle, tail wagging, ears neutral, mouth appears soft tongue hanging out, eyes soft, normal pupil size. Defensive- tail tucked, body lowered, ears back, dilated pupils, tense muscles, weight shifted back, piloerection (hair sticking up) , growling/ snarling, excessive panting. Offensive- tail stiff, ears forward, hard and stiff muscles, weight forward, piloerection, barking/growling/snapping.

Body search

Requires a search warrant, conducted unsanitary conditions and in a proper location that must be performed by a medical professional.

Paraphernalia associated with marijuana use

Rolling papers Cigars to make blunt Small plastic baggies Stash cans Deodorizer Incense Pipes Bongsroach clips Vaporizing devices Cones Scented cigar or blunt wrappers One hitters

Endangering Children (R.C. 2919.22)

Same as above, abuse or torture the child in a cruel manner for a prolonged period if excessive and created a substantial risk of serious physical harm or permit encourage or allow the child to act or model in any material or performance that he/ she should know is obscene, sexually obscene or nudity oriented or allow a child to be on the same parcel of real property where illegal manufacture of drugs, illegally assembly or possession of chemicals for manufacture of drugs is taken place when the person knows the act is occurring when the child is mentally or physically handicapped ( under 21) or child is under 18

Sexual Activity

Sexual Conduct or sexual contact or both

Decision for Phase 2 (SFST)

Should I make the driver exit the vehicle?

Decision for Phase 1 (SFST)

Should I stop or have enough to stop this vehicle?

Sensory perceptions needed to determine reasonable suspicion of drug use

Sight- nervous behavior, paraphernalia Sound- what is being said as they approach scene, what is being said in community, informants Smell- scent of drugs, cover up scents Touch- Terry V OH

A chemical treatment, which visualizes fingerprints by combining with the salt residues of perspiration

Silver nitrate

What is contact damage?

Damage caused by direct contact with an object that is not a part of the vehicle

How many numbers in a VIN

17

How many clues are in the one leg stand test?

4

Core components of community policing

A partnership between the police and the community Crime prevention Organizational change of the agency A problem-solving approach

Explain proactive patrol

Working to prevent crime rather than waiting for it to occur Goal for many enforcement agencies is to move away from incident-driven/reactive policing

ethical responsibilities of officers

Your community and its citizens, the law enforcement profession, your agency, your family, yourself -maintain yourself - respect

Search method usually used in large areas or open fields where it is divided into 4 rectangles, and can be further divided

Zone

elements of probable cause to arrest

a crime has been committed and the person about to be arrested committed that unlawful act

Active Resistance

a subject's use of physically evasive movements directed toward the officer such as bracing, tensing, pushing, or pulling to prevent the officer from establishing control over the subject.

chemical weapons may be considered unreasonable Force

arrestee who has already been subdued and who poses no threat

To seize evidence

based on probable cause

requirements to establish before Terry Pat down/pat

believe armed, poses a threat to them

Elements of the following selected offences of RC chapter 2921 Escape

break free from confinement or control

inventory

catalog property that police have taken into custody

Elements of the following selected offences of RC chapter 2921 Theft in office

commit any theft offense

name 5 sources of information for tracing stolen property?

department and personnel records, LE automated data system, auto dealers, commercial subscription data base, confidential informants

difference between traditional and counters and special population in encounters

is the need to be non-confrontational Such a requirement to, in effect, shift gears is completely opposed to the way officers are routinely expected to, and may instinctively, try to control conflict

Elements of the following selected offences of RC chapter 2921 falsification- in theft offense- to purchase firearm:

knowingly make a false statement, or knowingly swear or affirm the truth of a false statement previously made, official proceeding, purpose to incriminate another, purpose to mislead a public official in performing the public officials function

a group of people to include the suspect and people not suspected of the crime is displayed to the eye witness? which line up

live lineup

external and internal influences on behavior

local citizens, local media, department regulations, enter department regulations, police subculture- one of the strongest influences on ethical behavior, internal influences on behavior

Elements of the following selected offenses of RC chapter 2917 Telecommunications harassment:

make the telecommunication with purpose to harass, intimidate, or abuse any person at the premises to which the telecommunication is made, whether or not actual communication take place between the caller and a recipient

Manufacture, transfer, cell, or distribute false identification card or drivers license (RC. 4301.636 A 1-2)

no person shall make any false identification Card

passive resistance

no resistance movement in response to verbal and other directions

Differences between Traditional/ Non-Traditional Media

non traditional- objective to sensationalism and accuracy. - Not held to professional standards.

can use the rational from Terry to detain a person

officers have reasonable articulable suspicion that criminal activity was being planned or was in the process of being executed

who liscense gambling bingo in the state of ohio?

ohio attorney general

what are the resources to establish the value of stolen property ?

owner, retailers, bank loan dept, orc and internal resources.

id procedure in which an array of pictures that include a suspect perpetrator of an offense and addictional pictures of ther people not the suspect of the offense is include, which lineup?

photo lineup

Types of Child Abuse

physical, sexual, emotional, neglect

Elements of the following selected offences of RC chapter 2921 obstructing official business:

prevent, obstruct, or delay the performance by a public official, that hampers or impedes a public official in the performance of the public official's lawful duties

primary and secondary injuries that a victim may suffer

primary injuries ~Physical injuries, including death and disfigurement ~Financial loss leading to economic hardship ~Emotional trauma and reactions (e.g., anxiety, guilt, sleep disturbance, shock, denial, depression, loss of trust, relationship problems) secondary injuries ~Injustice - believing the system has "let them down" or doesn't really care; perceiving that the officer doesn't believe them ~Indignities - having to repeat sordid details, possibly several times and in public ~Isolation - lack of follow-up and keeping victim informed of case investigation and prosecution progress

search a motor vehicle and the containers within it

probable cause exists to believe contraband or evidence is contained in the motor vehicle or its containers

deadly force to achieve a seizure

protect themselves or others from immediate threat

three resulting judgments of police legitimacy in action that translate into positive results

public trust that police are honest, trying to do jobs well, and trying to protect the community

Goals of Sentencing

punish the offender or rehabilitate, protect society

Four culpable mental states

purposely, knowingly, recklessly, negligently

Elements of the following selected offences of RC chapter 2921 failure to disclose personal information

refuse to disclose the person's name, address, or date of birth, when requested by a law enforcement

Elements of the following selected offences of RC chapter 2921 resisting arrest

resist or interfere with a lawful arrest of the person or another

what are the reasons for tracing stolen property?

reveal perpetrator, may reveal other investigations, other crimes, recovery for victims

force was reasonable

severity of the crime suspected

what are the 3 methods of lineups?

show up, photo lineup and live lineup

Procedure in which a suspect is confronted with a witness to or the victim of a crime which lineup is this?

showup

Elements of the following selected offences of RC chapter 2921 dereliction of duty

the shameful failure to fulfill one's obligations

Elements of the following selected offenses of RC chapter 2917 Disorderly conduct:

unruly behavior constituting a minor offense

limited search

used to disarm the person

Essential questions answered in a report

who, what, when, where, why, how

Elements of the following selected offences of RC chapter 2921 Perjury

willfully telling an untruth in a court after having taken an oath or affirmation

Hot/Fresh Pursuit

without unreasonable interruption, of a person who is trying to avoid arrest

Simple Protocol for First Responders at Possible Clandestine Laboratories

• Do not touch anything. • Do not sniff anything. • Do not open anything. • Follow agency policy/ procedure.

Ways to improve public perception by properly employing aspects of patrol

• Exercise authority fairly • Be professional in appearance and attitude • Manage citizen contacts with the understanding that negative events can be handled in a positive way • Temper the operational skills of patrol with the mindset, character, and service in the spirit of what democratic policing promises its citizenry

Falsification - in Theft Offense - to Purchase Firearm (RC: 2921.13)

• Knowingly make a false statement during a official proceeding, to incriminate another, mislead a public official • Purchasing a firearm with a fake ID

Tampering with Evidence (RC: 2921.12)

• No person during an investigation shall alter, destroy or conceal anything with purpose to the investigation to corrupt the outcome

Perjury (RC: 2921.11)

• No person in any official proceeding make a false statement under oath

Bribery (RC: 2921.02)

• Promise or offer / Solicit anything to corrupt or influence a public official with respect to their official duties • To influence witness in testimony

Main responsibilities when responding to a crime in progress

• Respond to the incident in the most safe and tactically sound manner • Secure the scene • Preliminary investigation

General indicators of stimulant use

• Restlessness • Talkative • Excitation • Euphoria • Exaggerated reflexes • Loss of appetite • Anxiety • Grinding teeth (i.e., bruxism) • Redness to nasal area (if snorting) • Body tremors

Miranda warning

• The suspect has the right to remain silent • If the suspect gives up the right to remain silent, anything the suspect says can be used in a court of law against him or her • The suspect has the right to speak to an attorney and have an attorney present when being questioned by the police • If the suspect cannot afford one, an attorney will be appointed to represent the suspect before questioning begins

Explain why surveillance should be conducted

• To verify the reliability of information, a tip, or complaint received • To protect a government official or other dignitary • To obtain sufficient evidence in order to make an arrest or to secure a search warrant • To aid in the apprehension of wanted persons or suspects • To prevent the commission of a crime • To determine locations or drop points of illegal or stolen items • To determine residences and hangouts of the surveillance target • To study the physical layout of a structure to assist in determining the most feasible method of conducting a raid or approach for an apprehension or rescue

Telecommunication Harassment (RC: 2917.21)

• Using any device with purpose to harass (sexual comments/remarks) or intimidate anyone. Whether or not actual communication takes place o Damage to public of private property o Can involve any family or person o Receiver requests "harasser" to stop o Unable to use phone / computer ▪ Viruses or tying up phone line ▪ Posting any type of audio or video on social media

Aggressive mob

• Will attack, riot, and terrorize others • Goal is the destruction of property and physical attacks on others • These acts seem to feed off of each other and increase in severity until the mob is stopped

Misconduct at Emergency (RC:2917.13)

•At the scene of a fire or accident or any emergency that will hamper delay the lawful operations of a first responders • Failure to obey any order by an LE Officer engaged in his duties

Giving Statements to media

•Avoid distracting mannerisms •Make eye contact, but don't stare into the camera •Keep your voice at a normal, conversational level; be aware of how your tone may be perceived •Think before you speak •Remember, language that works within security circles may sound less tactful to a civilian audience

Decision for Phase 3 (SFST)

Do I have enough info to arrest?

Indicators of depressant use

Drunken behavior & appearance Uncoordinated Drowsy/sluggish Disoriented slurred speech

Trauma

Emotional response to a terrible event.

Connection between any groups, out groups and police legitimacy

Encounters with police can be interpreted differently with a group societal position rather then, the immediate circumstances of the police contact

Sex Trafficking

Applies to a range of commercial sexual activity including sex for hire, performance, obscene material, sexual oriented, nudity oriented. Includes exchange of anything of value (money, drugs, food, shelter, protection). Applies differently to the victims age/ developmental disability

Indicators of hallucinogen use

Hallucinations Dazed appearance Body tremors Uncoordinated Perspiring Paranoia Difficulty in speech Nausea Piloerection

Law enforcement responsibilities when it comes to clandestine labs

Identifying what appears to be the components of a clandestine lab. Not responsible for positive ID of lab

Elements of the following selected offenses of RC chapter 2917 Making false alarms:

Initiate or circulate a report or warning of an alleged or impending fire, explosion, crime, or other catastrophe, (*)knowing that the report or warning is false and likely to cause public inconvenience or alarm

Sexual Conduct

Intercourse between persons, to include oral sex, cunnilingus, anal intercourse or insertion of any instrument / apparatus in any body part or opening of another

High Risk (Building Searches)

Involves prior knowledge or circumstances indicating a likelihood or serious physical harm , risk of offender escaping, may require officer to respond immediately to avoid injury/ death to an innocent civilian.

Chemical used to develop fingerprints on porous surfaces such as paper, cardboard, and unpainted wood. Fatty or oily matter in the fingerprint residue absorbs the fumes.

Iodine

What is induced damage?

Is damage caused when part of the vehicle is displaced. Typically caused by the force of the contact damage.

Criminal Protection Order (CRPO)

Issued by the court after a non-family/non-household member is charged with a violent, menacing, or sexually oriented criminal offense. - CRPO is like a TPO for non-family or non-household members

Criminal Protection Order (CRPO)

Issued by the court after a non-family/non-household member is charged with a violent, menacing, or sexually oriented criminal offense. *Like a TPO for non-family or non-household members*

Public Indecency (R.C.2907.09)

Knowing engage in masturbation, sexual conduct, or expose a persons private parts for the purpose of sexual arousal or gratification or to lure a minor, when circumstances in which persons conduct are likely to be viewed by another person who is in the physical proximity who is a minor.

Falsification in Theft Offense to Purchase Firearm (R.C. 2921.13)

Knowingly furnish to the seller of the firearm a fake or altered drivers license or I.D card or any document that contains false information in concoction to the purchase of a firearm

Prostitution (R.C. 2907.25)

No person (Recklessness) shall engage in sexual activity for hire.

Ethnic Intimidation

Violate aggravated menacing, menacing, criminal menacing, telecommunications harassment, criminal mischief when it is by reason of the race, color, religion or national origin of another person or group of persons

Breaking and Entering (R.C. 2911.13)

No person shall purposely trespass in an unoccupied structure with purpose to commit any theft or felony. No person shall trespass on the land of another with purpose to commit a felony

Identity Fraud (R.C. 2913.49)

No person shall purposely use, possess or obtain any personal information with purpose to be the other person or represent that information as their own. Shall not obtain to aid or abet another to violate (B) Shall not permit another to use the information of one's self with purpose to defraud Even with permission to use another's information shall not use it to defraud or violate other sections.

Obstruction of Justice (R.C. 2921.32)

No person, with purpose to hinder the discovery, apprehension, prosecution, conviction, or punishment of another for crime or to assist another to benefit from the commission of a crime, Harbor or conceal other person/ child, communicate false information to any person.

Describe the three types of bomb search teams

Occupant team - most common, rapid search, familiar with area, must be warned of dangers and participation is voluntary Supervisory Team - fast approach and least disruptive to area, covert, may not be familiar with area, supervisors not general staff... Trained Team - personnel trained in bomb search techniques, best if from target facility, most thorough, used to augment police or fire.

who regulates horse racing?

Ohio state racing commission

Traditional Media

Television, radio, print, social media and internet accounts they maintain.

can search incident to lawful arrest

The area within the person's immediate control

Semen glows what color when searching with a LASER

Yellow or golden yellow

Fruits of the Poisonous Tree

If a confession is derived immediately from an unlawful arrest or illegal search, the confession is tainted and it may not be used against the suspect.

Guidelines an officer should follow when interacting with the media

In General - Prepare to think on your feet - Familiar with policy and procedures - Respond within policy and procedures - Maintain a professional decorum at all times - Give consistent info to all media outlets - Never speak off the record

AT what point does at home gambling become illegal?

when the house makes a profit

Who is at risk for being trafficked

‒Vulnerable ‒Accessible, and/or ‒Lacking in credibility • Examples of at risk persons: ‒Runaways/thrown-aways ‒Foreign born persons ‒Migrant workers ‒Persons with drug addictions ‒Persons with mental disabilities or illness

Hazards Common at All Clandestine Labs

• Flammable atmospheres. • Strong concentrated acids. • Ignition sources. • Toxic and poisonous gases. • Dangerous individuals.

Elements of the following selected offences of RC chapter 2921 Bribery

giving or offering a bribe

4th amendment

guarantee rights relating to arrest, search and seizure

Elements of the following selected offences of RC chapter 2921 impersonation of Officer or private police officer

impersonate a peace officer, private police officer, federal law enforcement officer, or investigator of the bureau of criminal identification and investigation

evidentiary standard on which to base on an arrest

probable cause

Full Search

require search warrant, based on probable cause

Requirements of a well written report

1. Complete 2. Factual 3. Accurate 4. Objective

common defense attorney tactics and counter tactics Answering two questions at the same time

+ Used in an attempt to confuse the officer 1. Counter tactics - Remain calm - Ask the attorney which questions should be answered first

common defense attorney tactics and counter tactics Friendly counsel

+ Used in an attempt to place the officer in a false level of comfort 1. Counter tactics - Stay alert and listen - be aware the purpose of the friendly demeanor may be too fool the officer into a false sense of security so the officer becomes sloppy with the testimony

common defense attorney tactics and counter tactics - Rapid-fire questioning

+ Used to confuse the officer and force inconsistent answers 1. Counter tactic - Slow the pace by pausing before answering - Remain calm - This will prohibit the attorney from building momentum - ask to have the question repeated if unsure how or what to answer

identify common motivations of bombers

- Ideological - Experimentation - Vandalism - Profit - Emotional Release - Revenge - Recognition

2925.13 Permitting drug abuse.

(A) No person who is the owner, operator, or person in charge of a locomotive, watercraft, aircraft, or other vehicle, as defined in division (A) of section 4501.01 of the Revised Code, shall knowingly permit the vehicle to be used for the commission of a felony drug abuse offense. (B) No person who is the owner, lessee, or occupant, or who has custody, control, or supervision, of premises or real estate, including vacant land, shall knowingly permit the premises or real estate, including vacant land, to be used for the commission of a felony drug abuse offense by another person.

common defense attorney tactics and counter tactics repeated questioning

+ Use in an attempt to obtain conflicting responses 1. Counter tactic - Tell the truth - know the facts of the case and the material upon which you will be testifying

What evidence should be photographed at a traffic crash?

- Everything damaged - All physical evidence

May make a warrantless, non-consensual entry into a private residence in order to make an arrest

- Exigent circumstance must exist which demand immediate response

Foot surveillance

- Follow someone on foot - Inspecting perimeter lines - Photography or videotaping - Test Security

Dynamics of Breaking

- Front wheel lock up - All wheels lock up - Rear wheels lock up - Brake fade - Weight transfer - Vehicle accelerated - Change of direction - Environmental factors

Reasons for establishing comms with the media

- Get info out quickly - Good looks for police - Accuracy

The Four Core Principles/Pillars of Procedural Justice

- Giving others a voice: people I want the opportunity to explain their situation or tell their side of the story - Neutrality: people react positively to evidence that the authorities with whom that they are dealing with is neutral - Respect treatment: people are sensitive to whether they are treated with dignity and politeness and to rather their rights are being respected, they will act negatively too dismissive or demeaning interpersonal treatment - Trustworthiness: people react favorably when they believe officers are sincerely trying to act on behalf of the best interest of the citizen

Strategies to Counter Implicit Biases

- Guard against influence - Recognize everyone is Bias - Seek awareness and education - Know you are susceptible

List the color codes and each associated chemical agent that may be used by law enforcement agencies

- HC = Yellow - CS = Blue - OC = Orange - CN = Red

Acquisitive (looting) mob

- Has the desire to acquire something for free - may try and take the officer hostage

Escape Mob

- Highly emotionally charged crowd that is driven by fear - This fear creates unreasonable and frantic behavior that drives the crowd to seek individual safety - Difficult to control, so it is best to try and control their movement by routing them to areas where the potential for injury is lessened - Trying to block them in areas may increase the possibility of injury to the mob and the officers trying to contain them

List the four elements that should be used to determine the primary physical aggressor in a domestic violence incident

- History of domestic violence. - Whether the alleged violence was caused by a person acting in self-defense. - Each person's fear of physical harm, if any, resulting from threatened force or history of force. - Severity of any injuries suffered by the person's involved in the alleged offense.

How to establish rapport with a subject

- Identify purpose of interview - Offer subject ability to choose time - Ask introductory non threatening questions

Common indicators of a stolen vehicle

1. Abnormal driver behavior, 2. License plate irregularities 3. Condition of the vehicle 4. Unusual transportation of other vehicles

When the missing person is 21 years of age or older and foul play is suspected

1. All info contained in the report must be entered into NCIC within 7 days. 2. Officers are strongly encouraged to enter the info immediately.

Which type of fingerprint is more likely to be found impressed on a stick of butter?

Plastic

The 8 clues for the Walk and turn test

1. Cant keep balance during instruction. 2. Starts too soon. 3. Stops while walking. 4. Not walking heel to toe. 5. Steps off line. 6. Uses arms to balance. (> 6 inches) 7. Improper turn. 8. Incorrect # of steps.

Criteria that must be met to activate an Endangered Missing Child Alert

1. Child is under 18 yrs old. 2. The missing child is lost/ non-witnessed/ non-confirmed abduction. 3. The child's whereabouts are unknown. 4. Disappearance of the child posses a credible threat of immediate bodily harm/ death.

The initial officer assigned to the report of a missing child shall

1. Conduct preliminary interview of the person making the report. 2. Verify the child is missing. 3. Secure a recent photo of the child and upload it to NCIC and other distributions.

Criteria that must be met to activate an Amber Alert

1. Confirm the child is under 18 yrs old. 2. Believe that the abduction poses a credible threat of immediate danger of bodily harm/ death to the child. 3. Sufficient descriptive info about the child, suspect, or the circumstances surrounding abduction to believe that the alert will help locate the child. 4. Determine that the child is not a runaway and has not been abducted as the result of a family abduction unless the child is in immediate danger of bodily harm/ death.

Steps of the HGN test

1. Equal pupil size, resting nystagmus 2. Equal Tracking 3. Smooth pursuit 4. Nystagmus at maximum deviation 5. Onset of nystagmus prior to 45 degrees 6. Vertical nystagmus (VGN)

Two types of human trafficking included in Ohio's trafficking in persons law

1. Labor Trafficking 2. Sex Trafficking

Major components of the criminal Justice system

1. Law Enforcement 2. Courts 3. Corrections

Two types of Human Trafficking in Ohio

1. Involuntary Servitude 2. Sex Trafficking

Reasons why a vehicle is stolen

1. Joyriding / transportation 2. Commit other crimes 3. Theft for profit/ commercial theft 4. Owner gives up

The 4 clues for the One Leg Stand test

1. Sways while balancing. 2. Uses arms to balance. 3. Hopping. 4. Puts foot down.

Four firearm safety rules

1. Treat it as loaded 2. Never point at anything you don't want to destroy 3. Keep finger off the trigger until you wish to shoot 4. Aware of backstop and beyond

2 determining factors in fingerprint powder choice

Adherence & color

Plain View Exception to Warrant Requirement

Any evidence seen by an officer when the officer has a lawful right to search the area may be admitted. The requirements for this exception to apply our: 1 police legitimately on the premises 2 Discover evidence in plain view 3 incriminating character immediately apparent AND 4 police have lawful right to access the object

Semi-Auto

Any firearm designed or specially adapted to fire a single cartridge and automatically chamber a succeeding cartridge ready to fire, with a single function of the trigger.

Define incendiary device

Any firebomb and any device designed or specially adapted to cause physical harm to persons or property by means of fire and Consisting of an incendiary substance or agency and a means to ignite it

deadly force

Any force that carries a substantial risk that will proximate result in the death of any person

four elements that should be used to determine the primary physical aggressor in a domestic violence incident

Any history of domestic violence or a violent acts by either person involved in the alleged offense that the officer can reasonably be certain F: fear I: injury S: self defense H: history

Deadly Weapon

Any instrument, device, or thing capable of inflicting death, and designed or specially adapted for use as a weapon, or possessed, carried, or used as a weapon. Includes toy guns/BB that can be used as Bludgeons.

Define concealment

Any object or condition that disguises, obscures, or hides one's exact location does not provide ballistic protection.

Define Cover

Any object that will provide ballistic protection and not limit the ability to observe the situation/return fire

Having weapons under disability (RC 2923.13)

Any person under disability cannot acquire, have, carry, or use any firearm

Initiated contact

Any situation where officer deploys directly from cruiser to make contact with a suspect or citizen

force

Any violence, compulsion, or constraint physically exerted by any means on or against a person or thing

Elements of the following selected offences of RC chapter 2921 failure to comply with order or signal of police officer

Fail to comply with any lawful order or direction of any police officer invested with authority to direct, control, or regulate traffic

Operator certification levels for LEADS

Fully Qualified Operator (FQO) : someone who can operate a LEADS access device and who has the authority to enter, change, clear, modify, query, locate, detain, and submit "hit" confirmations.

Nasopharyngeal

Goes into the right nostril use head, tilt chin lift, water based lubricant, push in gently until it rest backwards, place in recovery procedure.

Officer liability when responding to emergency calls

Governed by the sovereign immunity standard

Super Glue Fuming

Moisture

In cyanoacrylate fuming, the superglue vapor is absorbed by what component of the fingerprint residue to form a hard plastic polymer?

Moisture in print

Powders used to enhance latent fingerprints

Oxide, metallic, or magnetic

Stationary surveillance

Parking your vehicle some distance away in a location that allows an approach to the area on foot in a covert manner.

Four dimensions of a whole person that collectively contribute to a person's effectiveness

Physical - healthy body: strength and endurance Mental- healthy mind: feeding, challenging, growing mind Emotional- healthy heart: positive emotions, managing energy Spiritual- healthy spirit: purposeful, serving a cause, faithful to self.

should document and provide when making a referral to a child's service agency

Physical abuse, neglect, sexual abuse, drug use and abuse

Paraphernalia Associated with Cocaine Use

Pipes to smoke crack, small mirrors, short plastic straws, rolled up paper tubes, razor blades, small spoons, lighters, butane torch, chore boy, push rod (e.g., coat hanger), tire pressure gauge, aluminum cans

Define Protection orders

Temporary Protection Order (TPO) Criminal Protection Order (CRPO) Civil Protection Order (CPO) Stalking or Sexually Oriented Offense Protection Order (SSOOPO)

The standard against which a waiver will be judged when an accused waives his\her miranda rights

The warning and waiver have been given and that the statements were made knowingly, voluntarily and intelligently

2925.03

Trafficking of drugs

Individual characteristics

Traits or characteristics of an item of evidence that allows the item to be compared with a specific object -comparison will determine whether or not the item originated from the object or person

Cross-contamination

Transfer between evidence within the scene

Contamination

Transfer of outside material to scene

Elements of the following selected offences of RC chapter 2921 soliciting or attempting improper consumption

action or fact of accosting someone and offering one's or someone else's services as a prostitute

Elements of the following selected offences of RC chapter 2921 obstructing justice

any act that hampers or impedes a public official in the performance of the public official's lawful duties

Legal gambling?

any gambling that is required to be licensed or regulated by the state and is

persons who fall within the meaning of family and household member

any of the following who is residing or has resided with the offender as a spouse, a person living as a spouse or a former spouse of the offender, apparent, foster parent or a child of the offender or another person related by consanguinity (i.e. blood)

In burglary related offenses, the most productive area for fingerprint evidence is:

point of entry

Preparing to give a statement to media

•Prepare key messages; decide on one or two major points you wish to make •Be cognizant of personal appearance •Be aware of what is in the background

Making False Alarms (RC: 2917.32)

•Make a report about fire or crime knowing that's its false

When media arrives at the Scene

•Make certain that the scene is secured•Establish a safe staging area for media •Advise the media of the approximate timeframe that information will be made available •If you are going to refer the media to a supervisor or public information officer (PIO), be aware that camera crews may still be recording and you may indirectly make a statement to the media by your actions and demeanor

Carrying concealed weapons (RC. 2923.12)

•No person shall knowingly have concealed at the ready a deadly weapon other than a handgun, a handgun other than a dangerous ordinance, or a dangerous ordinance •Tell an officer that you have a CCW and do not reach for the weapon