Oral Pharmacology chpt 3 ANS drugs
Stimulation of Beta-1 receptors will increase _______________ , __________________ , & ______________.
heart rate, contractibility and BP
Beta -1 receptors are found on/in
heart tissue
An adrenergic antagonist will decrease BP? A. True B. False
True
From which division of the ANS do neurons originate from the thoracolumbar portion of the spinal cord as preganglionic ( Presynaptic) nerve fibers. A. Sympathetic ANS B. Parasympathetic ANS
A. Sympathetic ANS
An adrenergic agonist will A. Relax the lungs B. Constrict the lungs C. Decrease BP D. None of the above
A. relax the lungs ( bronchodilation) so you can breath and run!!!!
In the sympathetic /adrenergic division of the ANS, what neurotransmitter is released from ALL PREganglionic neurons?
Acetylcholine
What neurotransmitter is released from BOTH the preganglionic and postganglionic nerves of the parasympathetic ANS ?
Acetylcholine
Drugs that act as mediators of the SANS and are sympathomimetics are also known as:
Adrenergic agonist
__________ receptor agonists cause smooth muscle contraction, which leads to vasoconstriction.
Alpha 1
____________ receptor agonist causes dilation of the pupils.
Alpha 1
Terazosin (Hytrin)
Alpha 1 Blocker
These drugs are used in the treatment of shock, and hypotension and as a nasal/ocular decongestant.
Alpha 1 agonist
Prozasin (Minipress)
Alpha 1 blocker
Prazosin (minipress) is used for hypertension and is a selective a-1 blocker. This means it is: A. An a-1 agonist B. An a-1 antagonist C. A mixed acting drug D.None of the above
An a-1 antagonist
Alpha 1 receptors are located on smooth muscle, like blood vessels, Genitourinary system, sweat glands, eye, and intestines. Activation of Alpha 1 receptors causes CONTRACTION OF SMOOTH MUSCLE AND CARDIAC BLOOD VESSELS. A. Both statements are false B. Both statements are true C. First statement is false, second is true D. First statement is true, second is false
B. Both statements are true
Epinephrine in low doses stimulates _________ receptors causing vasodilation.
Beta 2 receptors
Receptors are located on the dendrites of postganglionic neurons. This applies in/on smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.
Both statements are true
The difference between the pre and post ganglion is the location of the ganglion. The preganglion is located nearest the Central Nervous System.
Both statements are true
The sympathetic division prepares the individual for emergency/stressful situations. These reactions include increased heart rate, increased blood flow to the skeletal muscles, and dilation of the bronchi ( to breath easier). A. First statement is true, second statement is false. B. Both statements are false C. Both statements are true D. First statement is false, second statement is true.
Both statements are true
beta 2 receptor location
Bronchial, uterine, and VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE ( arteries and veins).
Neurotransmitters are synthesized in the neuron and released upon stimulation to A. Facilitate the growth of nerve fibers B. Facilitate the electrochemical balance of the synaptic region C. Carry the electrical impulse across the synapse D. Block the electrical impulse across the impulse
C. Carry the electrical impulse across the synapse
What cranial nerves do the parasympathetic neurons originate from?
CN: III, VII, IX, X
Which of the following receptors is stimulated when pilocarpine is taken? A.cholinergic nicotinic B.cholinergic muscarinic C.adrenergic alpha D.adrenergic beta
Cholinergic muscarinic
Pilocarpine
Cholinergic, muscarinic agonist
Homatropine
Cholinergic, muscarinic antagonist
A cholinergic agonist will A. Decrease heart rate B. Relax skeletal muscle C. Increase salivation D. A and C E. All of the above
D. A and C Decrease heart rate and Increase salivation
Stimulation of muscarinic cholinergic receptors would cause _______________ , ______________________ , and ______________
Decrease in the heart rate, heart contractibility, and decrease in BP.
Which of the following adverse effects occur with anticholinergic drugs? dry mouth bradycardia diarrhea frequent urination
Dry mouth
The adrenal medulla is only innervated by a sympathetic PREganglionic neuron that releases ACh. The ACh then causes the adrenal medulla to release two hormones, _____________ & ________________
Epinephrine & Norepinephrine
Other neurotransmitters
Epinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, GABA
Where are neurotransmitters synthesized?
In the neuron
In the sympathetic (adrenergic) nervous system, when cardiac muscle is stimulated the resulting effect is:
Increased heart rate
Which of the following organs/tissues has/have beta2 receptors? lung heart adrenal medulla lacrimal (eye) gland
Lung
Stimulation of muscarinic cholinergic receptors would have what effect on the lungs?
Lung constriction
Stimulation of beta-2 receptors will cause: _________________ and _____________.
Lung relaxation, and DILATION of CARDIAC BLOOD VESSELS.
post ganglionic neuron
Neuron located after the synaptic cleft
pre-ganglionic neuron
Neuron located before the synaptic cleft
In the sympathetic/adrenergic division of the ANS, what neurotransmitter is released from MOST Postganglionic neurons.
Norepinephrine
The two primary neurotransmitters of the ANS
Norepinephrine(NE) & Acetylcholine (Ach)
What condition should the dental hygienist monitor if a patient is taking terazosin (Hytrin) for an enlarged prostate? * Terazosin (Hytrin) is a selective alpha 1 blocker
Orthostatic hypotension
What is an adverse effect of alpha 1 antagonist drugs?
Orthostatic hypotension
A patient presents to the dental office for an initial visit. There is an extensive medical history. All of the following drugs cause xerostomia as an adverse effect except one. Which medication is the exception? A.atropine B .scopolamine C .pilocarpine D. homatropine
Pilocarpine
Neurotransmitters are removed by enzymes, which degrade it into an inactive metabolite OR by a process of __________, where the neurotransmitter is taken back up into the ___________________ where it is then inactivated by enzymes.
Reuptake, axon terminal
Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system would result in:
Secretion of saliva and tears, gut relaxation, and bronchiole constriction
Beta 1 agonist are used to increase the rate and force of heart contractions ( cardiac stimulation) in patients with hypotension and shock. These drugs are given IV. True or False
True
Drugs that decrease sympathetic activity
Sympatholytics or adrenergic antagonist
Drugs that act as mediators of the sympathetic transmission and cause a sympathetic response.
Sympathomimetics or adrenergic agonist
Neurotransmitters are released from the vesicles into the ___________ space.
Synaptic
Alpha 1 receptor agonist cause contraction of the bladder muscle. True or False
True
Alpha 2 agonists are used in the treatment of HYPERtension to lower blood pressure. These drugs will inhibit the release of NE resulting in lower levels of NE. True or False
True
Alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists cause vasodilation True or False
True
Alpha-2 receptors are located on postganglionic neurons. Activation of Alpha-2 receptors causes inhibition of NE release, decreases secretion of insulin, decreases blood pressure, and decreases eye secretion. True or False
True
Beta 2 receptor agonists are used to cause relaxation or dilation of smooth muscle in the lungs in patients with asthma. It is best to select a selective Beta 2 agonist such as albuterol or terbutaline to keep adverse side effects to a minimum. True or False
True
Beta 2 receptors in coronary blood vessels cause VASODILATION which DECREASES blood pressure!!!!!!!!!! True or False
True
Generally stimulation of the sympathetic (adrenergic) and parasympathetic (cholinergic) nerves cause opposite responses.
True
b- 3 receptors are located on adipose tissue.
True
How does one neuron communicate with the next neuron and with the organ they innervate?
Via neurotransmitters
What are some adverse effects of ANTI cholinergic drugs?
Xerostomia, Urinary retention, blurred vision, constipation, and tachycardia
Beta 3 receptors location?
adipose tissue
Alpha- 2 receptors are also called
autoreceptors
Atropine
muscarinic antagonist
Scopolamine
muscarinic antagonist
What are the two type of cholinergic receptors?
nicotinic and muscarinic
Dilation of the pupils is a ______ response
sympathetic
