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protic solvent

solvents with protons in solution, e.g. water or alcohol. large atoms tend to be better nucleophiles in here because they can shed the solvating protons around them and are more polarizable

steric strain

increase in energy resulting from electron repulsion between atoms that are not directly bonded by occupy the same space

number of oxygen atoms is the same as number of carbon atoms, CxH2x)x

monosaccharide

Trigonal Planer Bent

one lone pair electrons

trigonal pyramidal

one lone pair electrons 107 degrees

tetrahedral bent

two lone pair electrons 104.5

polar covalent bond

unequal sharing of electrons

tetrahedral

109.5, sp3

covalent bond

A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule nonmetal + nonmetal

trigonal planar

120 degrees, sp2

linear

180, sp

How many of the following compounds contain an ionic bond LiNHCH3, CH3NH2, NaOCH3, BH3

2

ionic bond

Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another metal + nonmetal

London dispersion forces

The intermolecular attractions resulting from the constant motion of electrons and the creation of instantaneous dipoles

steric hindrance

The prevention of a reaction at a particular location in a molecule by substituent groups around the reactive site.

aprotic solvent

a solvent that has no acidic protons; a solvent with no O-H or N-H groups

which of the following molecules contain both ionic and covalent bonds NaOH, CH3ONa, C6H5NH3Cl, CH3CH2COK

all of the above

what makes a species less stable and more reactive

angle strain

dipole-dipole forces

attractions between oppositely charged regions of polar molecules

ion-ion interactions

attractive forces between two charged molecules strongest interaction

energy needed to break a bond

bond energy