Org B 320 Test 2 Multiple Choice

D. motion

A humming bird feeding in a flower garden would most likely gain attention because of its: A. size B. intensity C. frequency D. motion E. contrast

A. splitting the duties and accountabilities of a job between two people

A job sharing arrangement typically involves: A. splitting the duties and accountabilities of a job between two people B. sharing the responsibilities of the job with management C. sharing the office space and equipment with co-workers D. the sharing of an employee who works for two or more companies E. two departments sharing a job that serves both departments

B. telecommuters feel alienated and become estranged from their coworkers

A major disadvantage of telecommuting is: A. most people don't like working at home B. telecommuters feel alienated and become estranged from their coworkers C. telecommuters have too many distractions working at home D. telecommuters cannot communicate adequately with co-workers at the office E. attendance records are a problem since telecommuters do not punch in and out

E. numbers fetish

A man sued his employer because he was not promoted even though his performance evaluation score was two points higher than the woman's who was offered the promotion. The U. S. Supreme Court ruled that this difference (75 vs 73) was trivial and upheld the promotion [Johnson v. Transportation Agency, Santa Clara County, 480 U.S. 616 (1987)]. This ruling highlights which performance evaluation criticism? A. halo effect B. leniency-strictness effect C. interrater reliability D. contrast effect E. numbers fetish

C. extinguish horseplay

A manager realized that her complaints about subordinate horseplay seem to encourage more horseplay. She resolved to ignore their horseplay in the future. In operant terms, what has she decided to do? A. positively reinforce proper work behavior B. negatively reinforce horseplay C. extinguish horseplay D. punish horseplay

C. assimilation

A minority group member is not perceived as a unique individual but as someone who has attitudes and characteristics similar to other members of her race and sex. This perceptual process which contributes to discrimination is called: A. bigotry B. visibility C. assimilation D. contrast

B. broad-minded and curious

A person who rates high on "openness to experience" would be described as: A. poised and calm B. broad-minded and curious C. reliable and hardworking D. outgoing and sociable

C. set his own study schedule with deadlines for accomplishing specific assignments

A student wants to finish an independent study class early. According to goal-setting theory, what should he do? A. resolve to do his best without being tied to specific deadlines B. have the instructor or a friend set specific deadlines leading to the target date C. set his own study schedule with deadlines for accomplishing specific assignments D. focus on learning and plan to study as much as possible whenever possible

E. performs a simplified job

A typical assembly line worker: A. has a high degree of skill variety in his or her job B. feels a high degree of task identity C. has considerable autonomy on the job D. has high depth E. performs a simplified job

E. has a high degree of task specialization.

A typical assembly line worker: A. has a high degree of skill variety. B. feels a high degree of task identity. C. has considerable autonomy on the job. D. has high depth. E. has a high degree of task specialization.

A. achievement

According to Fredrick Herzberg's hygiene-motivator theory, which of the following is a motivator factor? A. achievement B. supervision C. interpersonal relationships D. financial incentives

C. salary

According to Herzberg's theory, hygiene factors include: A. autonomy B. responsibility C. salary D. achievement

A. reading thee chapters in the text

According to OB Mod, which of the following is the best illustration of a behavioral event? A. reading thee chapters in the text B. obtaining a sufficiently high grade point average to maintain a scholarship C. understanding the material in the text D. graduating with honors

C. although both situational and personal factors cause behavior, we tend to simplify our understanding of a situation and attend primarily to only one of these types of causes.

According to attribution theory: A. people usually ignore situational factors when determining causes of behavior B. people usually ignore personal factors when determining causes of behavior C. although both situational and personal factors cause behavior, we tend to simplify our understanding of a situation and attend primarily to only one of these types of causes. D. the way we explain behavior is usually very accurate

C. valence

According to expectancy theory, the desirability of an outcome or reward is called: A. expectancy B. instrumentality C. valence D. motivating potential E. intrinsic incentive

A. training subordinates how to perform their jobs better

According to the expectancy theory, which of the following supervisory behaviors would be expected to strengthen the expectancy component? A. training subordinates how to perform their jobs better B. giving everyone a 5 percent pay increase C. increasing the number of paid vacations D. threatening to fire low performers E. changing to a piece-rate incentive that ties pay to performance

E. responsibility and knowledge of results

According to the job characteristics model of job enrichment, the three important psychological states include meaningfulness, plus: A. skill variety and task variety B. task significance and autonomy C. autonomy and feedback D. task significance and knowledge of results E. responsibility and knowledge of results

D. responsibility

According to the job characteristics model, which psychological state is improved by telling a worker "You can do your tasks in any order you want as long as you finish by the end of the day." A. autonomy B. knowledge of results C. meaningful D. responsibility E. task significance

A. a strong emotional attachment to the organization.

Affective commitment refers to: A. a strong emotional attachment to the organization. B. a strong belief in the values of an organization. C. a strong desire to stay with the organization. D. a strong intent to work long hours.

C. you were free to chose what to say.

After arguing in favor of something that you don't really believe, your attitude toward the issue is more likely to change when: A. you were bribed to say it. B. you felt pressured to make the argument. C. you were free to chose what to say. D. there were no other alternative ways to behave.

A. affective

An employee feels very sad when he learns that his co-worker is being terminated. These feelings represent which component of attitudes? A. affective B. cognitive C. loyalty D. behavioral tendency

D. John will act and think like a typical accountant

An illustration of stereotyping is when you hear that John is an accountant, you assume that: A. John likes music B. John is a good student C. John was good student in mathematics D. John will act and think like a typical accountant

D. self-actualization needs

An individual's desire to grow as a person and to develop his or her ultimate potential is defined as: A. achievement needs B. power needs C. esteem needs D. self-actualization needs

B. How secondary rewards do not become satiated.

As an anchorman on TV, Tim has been praised for his outstanding reporting of the news and he appreciates the praise and recognition even more as time goes by. What does this situation illustrate? A. The importance of primary rewards. B. How secondary rewards do not become satiated. C. How intrinsic rewards can influence behavior. D. How extrinsic rewards destroy intrinsic motivation. E. How praise can become an aversive stimulus.

B. task identity

At a car wash the employees decided to change the normal cleaning procedure. Rather than having each person perform a specific task,they each cleaned an entire car alone so they could take pride knowing they had done it themselves. Which core job dimension does this illustrate? A. skill variety B. task identity C. task significance D. autonomy E. feedback

B. gainsharing plan

At one of Amoco Corporation's oil refineries, employees receive a bonus for saving money by exceeding the company's standards on any one of seven production measures, such as energy costs, maintenance costs, and octane ratings. This incentive plan is a: A. Scanlon plan B. gainsharing plan C. modified executive bonus plan D. cash profit sharing plan E. deferred profit sharing plan

C. first impressions

Drawing conclusions about a person's level of motivation and competence based on what the person was wearing when you met him is an example of: A. projection. B. selective perception C. first impressions D. the self-fulfilling prophecy

A. first impressions

Drawing conclusions about a person's skill and motivation based upon that person's appearance is an example of: A. first impressions B. efficient diagnosis C. the halo effect D. attribution estimation

D. figure-ground

During a half-time speech, a football coach destroyed a wooden chair by slamming it on the floor and stomping it to pieces while he shouted new instructions at his players. Although they ignored what he said, they were highly motivated by his crushed-chair routine. Which principle of perceptual organization is illustrated by this episode? A. closure B. similarity C. proximity D. figure-ground

C. the study of how work places and equipment can be better adjusted to the human body

Ergonomics is: A. specially designed machines that make work easier B. the use of special equipment in the workplace C. the study of how work places and equipment can be better adjusted to the human body D. the process by which biotechnology contributes to disabilities

B. destroy intrinsic motivation

Extrinsic rewards tend to: A. increase creativity and innovation B. destroy intrinsic motivation C. encourage greater risk taking D. improve interpersonal relationships

A. directly tied to individual performance, such as piece-rate incentives

Financial incentives have the strongest effect on increasing productivity when they are: A. directly tied to individual performance, such as piece-rate incentives B. determined by group productivity, such as team incentives C. based on performance of the company, such as profit sharing D. tied to performance reviews, such as merit pay

E. punishment contingency

Fining a team member $100 for coming late to practice is an example of: A. sports contingency B. positive reinforcement contingency C. extinction contingency D. avoidance contingency E. punishment contingency

B. the jobs require a lot of cooperation

Group incentive plans are preferred over individual incentive plans when: A. the tasks are independent B. the jobs require a lot of cooperation C. it is easy to measure individual productivity D. the company is in a competitive industry

B. group members work together on interdependent jobs

Group incentives are most useful when: A. they are based on individual performance measures B. group members work together on interdependent jobs C. the group size increases D. individual performance rates differ greatly

D. classification procedure

If a nursing supervisor evaluates the performance of the nurses in her department by describing each nurse as either "exceeds performance expectations," "meets performance expectations," or "needs improvement," what evaluation method is she using? A. forced choice B. graphic rating scales C. behaviorally-anchored rating scales D. classification procedure E. ranking procedure

C. central tendency

If pay is tied to performance ratings, which rating error would cause everyone to get similar pay increases and ruin the motivation for doing well? A. interrater reliability B. numbers fetish C. central tendency D. leniency-strictness E. halo effect

B. examining the current reinforcement contingencies

In OB mod the behavioral contingency management process consists of a five-step process for solving performance problems. The third step of this process involves performing a functional analysis which refers to: A. analyzing the management functions B. examining the current reinforcement contingencies C. reviewing all the accounting and finance functions D. punishing people for seriously wrong mistakes E. rewarding people for behavioral events

D. relationship management

In emotional intelligence, the ability to influence and manage other people's emotions is called: A. self-awareness B. self-management C. social awareness D. relationship management

E. the relationship between performance and outcomes

In expectancy theory, instrumentality refers to: A. the effort-performance linkage B. the degree of goal achievement C. the performance-satisfaction linkage D. the first-level outcome linkage E. the relationship between performance and outcomes

C. utilize the principles of job specialization

In general, we would expect a low scope job to ____ than a high scope job: A. have higher "motivating potential" B. pay more C. utilize the principles of job specialization D. involve more task variety

B. low depth and high breadth

John works part-time at a local convenience store helping the cashier take orders, arranging products on the shelves, and cleaning the gas pumps and restrooms each day. Which of the following best describes John's job scope: A. low depth and low breadth B. low depth and high breadth C. high depth and low breadth D. high depth and high breadth

D. maintain careful performance records

Managers who hold a Theory X view of human nature would: A. empower individual workers B. encourage workers to exert greater leadership C. expect work teams to manage themselves D. maintain careful performance records

A. learned needs

McClelland's motivation theory focused on: A. learned needs B. hygiene factors C. equity D. reinforcement

D. describing what the person has contributed and explaining why it was helpful

Meaningful recognition is created by: A. giving expensive awards for performance B. sponsoring lavish recognition events C. allowing employees to select their own gifts D. describing what the person has contributed and explaining why it was helpful

B. vertical loading

One method of redesigning a job to make it more enriched involves giving workers greater authority and discretion to perform functions previously reserved for higher levels of management. This type of job enrichment is called: A. democratic leadership B. vertical loading C. horizontal loading D. establishing client relationships E. opening feedback channels

B. self-fulfilling prophecy

One person's expectations regarding the behavior or personality of another person frequently alters the perceptions of the first person and contributes to a process called: A. assimilation B. self-fulfilling prophecy C. projection D. discrimination

C. specific behavioral intentions

Our behavior is influenced most by: A. positive feelings and attitudes B. general expectations C. specific behavioral intentions D. behavioral justifications

A. define themselves according to their jobs

People who have high job involvement tend to: A. define themselves according to their jobs B. request more frequent pay increases C. expect fewer promotions and job transfers D. have stronger attachments to their co-workers

C. attribute their failures to their own lack of effort or knowledge

People with an internal locus of control: A. have more difficulty coping with stressful situations B. attribute their successes primarily to good timing and being in the right place C. attribute their failures to their own lack of effort or knowledge D. believe good luck is an important element in achieving success

D. all of the above

Piece rate incentives tend to increase productivity because: A. the jobs are structured more efficiently B. goal setting occurs C. money motivates workers to work faster D. all of the above E. none of the above; piece rates do not increase productivity

D. all of the above

Piece rate incentives tend to increase productivity because: A. the jobs are structured more efficiently. B. goal-setting occurs C. money motivates workers to work faster. D. all of the above E. none of the above; piece rates do not increase productivity

C. people value the underlying meaning and symbolism that the recognition represents

Recognition programs are highly effective because: A. there are large financial rewards that accompany them B. people like the gifts and awards they receive C. people value the underlying meaning and symbolism that the recognition represents D. they represent improved opportunities for promotion and advancement

D. to achieve a high goal where there is a 50/50 chance of success

Research on goal setting has shown that the highest performance is typically achieved by individuals who are told: A. to do your best B. to set your own goals C. to achieve moderate goal that is almost certainly within reach D. to achieve a high goal where there is a 50/50 chance of success E. to do nothing-- no goal statements are made

D. productivity goes down and accidents and safety violations increase

Research on the effects of compressed work week has generally concluded which of the following? A. productivity goes up and satisfaction increases B. productivity goes up and satisfaction remains constant C. absenteeism and tardiness are eliminated D. productivity goes down and accidents and safety violations increase E. no long-term effects have been identified

B. variable ratio

Slot machines are a good illustration of a _________ reward schedule: A. continuous B. variable ratio C. fixed interval D. fixed ratio E. punishment

B. extrinsic rewards may decrease intrinsic motivation

Some researchers have argued that intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are incompatible. They basically argue that: A. intrinsic rewards may decrease extrinsic motivation B. extrinsic rewards may decrease intrinsic motivation C. extrinsic rewards usually lead to better performance than intrinsic rewards D. intrinsic rewards usually lead to better performance than extrinsic rewards

C. conscientiousness

Someone who is very reliable and dependable would be rated high on which personality trait? A. agreeableness B. extroversion C. conscientiousness D. openness to experience

A. is more likely to perceive a relationship between increased effort and improved performance

Someone with an internal locus of control: A. is more likely to perceive a relationship between increased effort and improved performance B. focuses heavily on feelings of others when considering alternative actions C. would probably attribute their success to luck D. tends to accomplish goals by manipulating others

B. had a positive self image

Someone would most likely perceive that another person was actually sociable and friendly if the first person: A. had low self-esteem and needed a friend B. had a positive self image C. initially expected to be treated unfairly D. was uncertain of the situation

C. avoidance

Staying up all night to finish a research paper due the next day is an example of which reinforcement contingency? A. punishment B. academic C. avoidance D. escape E. fixed deadline

A. projection

Tanya is a nurse who has been stealing medical supplies from the hospital where she works. To cope with the stress provoked by her guilt, she tells herself that "all nurses steal supplies." In fact, they do not. Tanya is exhibiting: A. projection B. compensation C. repression D. displacement

D. want to know how well they have performed

Team members who have high achievement needs tend to: A. care what other members think about them B. exercise control over the team processes C. seek approval of others D. want to know how well they have performed

B. a company-wide incentive plan

The Scanlon plan is an example of: A. a group incentive plan B. a company-wide incentive plan C. an individual incentive plan D. a union benefit E. a stock ownership plan

A. continuous

The best reinforcement schedule for learning a new response is: A. continuous B. fixed ratio C. fixed interval D. variable ratio E. variable interval

C. task significance

The degree to which a job has a substantial impact on the lives of other people either in the organization or the world at large is called: A. task identity B. skill variety C. task significance D. autonomy

C. behavioral intentions

The effects of our attitudes on our behaviors are moderated by our: A. behavioral justifications B. behavioral evaluations C. behavioral intentions D. attitudinal intensity

A. Humans are capable of sensing ALL of the environmental stimuli but only choose to attend to some of them.

The following statement regarding the perceptual process is NOT true: A. Humans are capable of sensing ALL of the environmental stimuli but only choose to attend to some of them. B. Our attention is influenced by the novelty of the stimulus. C. Perception requires organizing and interpreting the sensations we attend to. D. The process of perceptual inferences is both helpful and dysfunctional E. Stimuli that have common physical similarities are more likely to be grouped together.

A. allocation formula.

The formula that determines how profit sharing money will be distributed among the participating employees is called the: A. allocation formula. B. defined benefit formula. C. deferred income schedule. D. participation rates. E. income sharing arrangement.

D. prepotency

The idea that higher level needs do not emerge until lower level needs are mostly satisfied is called: A. authenticity B. congruent behavior C. genetic blueprint D. prepotency E. need relativism

D. three, first

The implementation of an MBO program in an organization usually occurs in __ phases and the ___ phase largely involves the performance evaluation system: A. four, second B. four, first C. three, second D. three, first E. two, first

B. merit pay

The incentive program where supervisors grant pay increases based on performance is called: A. assigned pay plan B. merit pay C. flexible incentive D. performance bonuses E. bonus allowances

C. increasing task identity and/or significance

The job characteristics model recommends enrichment of a job by: A. increasing job simplification B. decreasing autonomy C. increasing task identity and/or significance D. decreasing feedback

C. greater salary

The most appropriate motivation factor for an individual attempting to satisfy lower level needs is: A. an intrinsic reward B. increased responsibility C. greater salary D. greater autonomy on the job E. a leadership experience

C. enactive mastery

The most effective information cue contributing to the development of self-efficacy is: A. verbal persuasion B. vicarious experience C. enactive mastery D. momentary arousal

D. equity theory

The most useful theory for understanding the effects of unfair wages on employee satisfaction and productivity is: A. expectancy theory B. operant conditioning C. goal setting theory D. equity theory E. social cognitive theory

A. job specialization

The opposite of job enlargement is: A. job specialization B. job enrichment C. job scope D. job depth E. job range

A. employees will change their behavior according to the performance evaluation system to get high ratings

The popular proverb, "What you evaluate is what you get," means that: A. employees will change their behavior according to the performance evaluation system to get high ratings B. performance ratings cause employees to resist change and repeat the same behaviors each time C. the ratings assigned to employees cause managers to perceive employee behaviors consistent with the ratings D. over time, high ratings will increase employee performance and low ratings will decrease performance

A. Leniency-strictness effect

The problem of grade inflation, where instructors give generally high grades to all the students, is an example of which performance evaluate problem? A. Leniency-strictness effect B. Halo effect C. Central tendency effect D. Inter-rater reliability E. Contrast effect

D. fixed interval

The reinforcement schedule that produces a very high rate of responding just before it is reinforced and a very low rate of responding immediately after it is reinforced is: A. fixed ratio B. continuous C. variable ratio D. fixed interval E. positive reinforcement

B. a reinforcement contingency

The relationship between behavior and the consequences of that behavior is referred to as: A. a reward probability B. a reinforcement contingency C. an extrinsic behavior D. an intrinsic behavior E. an operant response

B. expectations

The self-fulfilling prophecy occurs because of the __________ one person has regarding others: A. emotional concern B. expectations C. leadership D. power and authority E. knowledge

B. extra-role behaviors

The three basic types of behavior organizations require of their members include dependable attendance, dependable role performance, and: A. loyalty to the corporate mission B. extra-role behaviors C. positive attitudes toward company policies D. submission to authority E. interpersonal relationships

E. not enough information to decide

Two employees are working side by side performing an identical job. However, worker A learns that worker B has significantly more educational preparation to do the job and this training is relevant to effective job performance. According to equity theory, how should worker A feel in this situation? A. over-rewarded B. under-rewarded C. highly satisfied D. extremely dissatisfied E. not enough information to decide

C. extrinsic rewards encourage risk taking

Using extrinsic rewards to motivate employees has been criticized for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: A. extrinsic rewards damage interpersonal relationships B. extrinsic rewards ignore the reasons for success or failure C. extrinsic rewards encourage risk taking D. extrinsic rewards are punishing as well as rewarding

D. They generally produce only minimal motivation to act.

What are the typical effects of escape contingencies? A. They reduce the probability of a response. B. They result in rapid rates of learning. C. They are not used in business organizations. D. They generally produce only minimal motivation to act. E. They contribute to excellence in performance.

D. satisfaction and productivity do not cause each other; both are determined by the reward structure in the organization.

What is the best explanation for the relationship between job satisfaction and employee productivity? A. satisfaction primarily causes productivity. B. productivity primarily causes satisfaction. C. productivity and satisfaction both cause each other in a reciprocal relationship. D. satisfaction and productivity do not cause each other; both are determined by the reward structure in the organization.

B. they influence how the core dimensions will be psychologically perceived

What is the role of personal values in the job characteristics model? A. they change the meaning of the psychological states. B. they influence how the core dimensions will be psychologically perceived C. they cause the psychological states to produce the work outcomes D. they accentuate how the psychological states relate to the work outcomes

A. an extrinsic reward

When a child receives a good grade on a school project, the grade is: A. an extrinsic reward B. an intrinsic reward C. a primary reward D. a vicarious reward

C. recency effect.

When recent events seem to have an unusually strong impact on performance ratings this is called: A. zero-sum problem. B. numbers fetish. C. recency effect. D. sequencing effect. E. primacy effect.

C. behavioral anchored rating scales

When the scales that are used to describe behavior in the graphic rating scale are very specific, this technique is called: A. a classification method B. a forced choice method C. behavioral anchored rating scales D. behavioral descriptions of performance E. unbiased performance dimensions

A. job sharing

When two people jointly perform one job by splitting the responsibility and activities, this is called: A. job sharing B. inter occupational cooperation C. intra occupational cooperation D. shared accountability E. split assignements

C. an employee's perception that increased effort will lead to performance is important to the employee's motivation

Which of the following conclusions could be drawn from expectancy theory? A. managers should realize that all employees value the same rewards B. rewards should be tied to seniority, not performance C. an employee's perception that increased effort will lead to performance is important to the employee's motivation D. low valence and instrumentality evaluations usually lead to high motivation

C. Watching the flirtatious behavior between two coworkers even though their conversation is job related.

Which of the following illustrates the figure-ground principle of perception? A. Seeing an eight-sided sign covered with mud and assuming it is a stop sign. B. Assuming that two babies dressed alike are twins C. Watching the flirtatious behavior between two coworkers even though their conversation is job related. D. Noticing that two people with similar political views object to the same policy E. Noticing that people with different political views disagree about a policy

E. executive bonuses

Which of the following incentive programs normally has the least motivating effect on increasing productivity? A. individual piece-rate incentives B. commission sales C. group production incentives D. profit sharing plans E. executive bonuses

D. It is stationary

Which of the following increases the likelihood that we would fail to pay attention to a stimulus? A. Larger size B. Greater intensity C. It contrasts with the environment D. It is stationary

A. They want to be personally responsible for their work

Which of the following is a characteristic of high need achievers? A. They want to be personally responsible for their work B. They prefer extremely high levels of risk C. They avoid risk to make certain that they always succeed D. They avoid feedback from others E. They are highly motivated by financial incentives

E. discovering that you solved a complex problem by yourself

Which of the following is an intrinsic reward? A. a wage increase B. promotion to a new job C. a service award for 25 years of continuous service D. praise form your supervisor E. discovering that you solved a complex problem by yourself

C. job enlargement

Which of the following is not an alternative work schedule? A. flextime B. compressed work week C. job enlargement D. job sharing E. permanent- part time

E. benefit costs are reduced

Which of the following is not one of the advantages of job sharing? A. productivity is increased B. there is greater flexibility in scheduling work assignments C. reduced absenteeism and turnover D. job training is improved E. benefit costs are reduced

D. Need for achievement

Which of the following is not one of the needs in Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory? A. Physiological needs B. Need for self-esteem C. Self-actualization D. Need for achievement

D. simplify the job

Which of the following is the least likely recommendation of the job characteristics approach to work redesign? A. establish client relationships B. open feedback channels C. form natural work units D. simplify the job E. vertical loading

B. job enrichment

Which of the following programs was not part of scientific management? A. task analysis B. job enrichment C. rest pauses to reduce fatigue D. piece-rate incentives E. time and motion studies

D. Theory X managers are usually more correct in their diagnosis of organizational situations and therefore more likely to choose an appropriate leadership style

Which of the following statements about Theory X and Theory Y is not true? A. A manager holding Theory X assumptions would prefer an autocratic style of leadership. B. Managers with Theory Y assumptions generally have a higher regarded for the abilities, ambitions, and motivation of subordinates than Theory X managers. C. A manager with Theory X assumptions will probably have more external control procedures to monitor employee performance than would a Theory Y manager. D. Theory X managers are usually more correct in their diagnosis of organizational situations and therefore more likely to choose an appropriate leadership style

D. job specialization has contributed to the mass production of consumer goods and improved living standards in society.

Which of the following statements about job specialization is true? A. job specialization was first invented by the scientific management movement. B. job specialization is a recent job redesign strategy. C. job specialization allows workers to have high levels of social interaction at their workplace D. job specialization has contributed to the mass production of consumer goods and improved living standards in society.

B. people with low self esteem are more threatened by negative feedback than those with high self esteem

Which of the following statements is accurate about performance feedback? A. supervisors avoid giving positive feedback B. people with low self esteem are more threatened by negative feedback than those with high self esteem C. everyone dislikes negative feedback and reacts to it about the same D. criticism is usually unnecessary and too harsh to include in performance feedback

C. a program that allows workers to start and stop work whenever they chose, so long as they work 8 hours per day and they are present during the core time.

Which of the following statements is the best description of flextime? A. a program that allows workers to come to work any time they want B. a program that allows people to set their own hours, but they must follow them after they have been set C. a program that allows workers to start and stop work whenever they chose, so long as they work 8 hours per day and they are present during the core time. D. a program that allows workers to work as many hours as they want to each day, so long as they have 40 hours per week. E. a program that allows workers to set their own hours of work and work less than a full day if they choose

D. it relies on horizontal expansion to increase the breadth of the job

Which of the following statements is true regarding job enlargement? A. it is usually based on Herzberg's hygiene-motivator theory B. it uses vertical expansion to add additional responsibilities to a job C. it makes work more challenging and meaningful by allowing opportunity for personal achievement and individual growth D. it relies on horizontal expansion to increase the breadth of the job

C. arsenal of venice

Which of the following was an excellent illustration of assembly line manufacturing from the twelfth to the nineteenth century? A. the roman legion B. egyptian pyramid construction C. arsenal of venice D. publication of the bible with the newly discovered printing press E. cloth making in great britain

C. eliminating performance feedback

Which of these actions would have the greatest effect of destroying the motivating potential of a job according to the job characteristics model? A. reducing the opportunities of workers to use different skills B. depriving employees of the opportunity to complete an entire unit C. eliminating performance feedback D. assigning employees to perform trivial tasks

B. turning off distracting music

Which of these illustrates an escape contingency? A. vaccinating children B. turning off distracting music C. ignoring phone calls from a particular person D. receiving a safety award

B. it reduces the need for supervision and coordination

Which of these statements about flextime is false? A. it reduces absenteeism and tardiness B. it reduces the need for supervision and coordination C. it provides greater flexibility in scheduling personal leave time D. it allows workers to schedule work according to their natural flow E. it increases safety and security risks

B. Extrinsic rewards are more closely tied to performance than intrinsic rewards.

Which of these statements regarding the summary motivation model is false? A. Equity comparisons influence the relationship between rewards and satisfaction. B. Extrinsic rewards are more closely tied to performance than intrinsic rewards. C. Performance levels are influenced by work design and organizational culture. D. Goal setting and ability interact with effort levels to determine performance. E. The combination of effort, ability, and goal setting has a multiplicative effect on performance.

C. closure

Which perceptual principle is illustrated by a professor who assigns an A grade to a 16-page research paper and thinks it is outstanding after she reads only the first three pages and then skips to the last two pages and finds them equally impressive? A. selective perception B. similarity C. closure D. novelty

E. descriptive essays

Which performance evaluation method provides the most useful feedback information for employee development? A. ranking B. classification C. graphic rating scales D. behaviorally anchored rating scales E. descriptive essays

D. primary rewards are mostly unlearned rewards

Which statement about primary rewards is true? A. primary rewards can be used effectively in virtually all situations B. social approval is a very powerful primary reward C. primary rewards are more powerful than secondary rewards D. primary rewards are mostly unlearned rewards

B. You need to listen to the customer's complaints before talking

Which statement is the most helpful comment to make to a sales clerk in a performance evaluation interview? A. You are too assertive and dogmatic B. You need to listen to the customer's complaints before talking C. You have poor interpersonal relations skills in talking to customers D. You have a poor attitude about providing customer service

C. identifying these extra-role behaviors acknowledges their value and contributes to their being evaluated and recognized

Why is it helpful to include spontaneous and innovative behaviors as one of the behavioral requirements of effective organizations? A. these behaviors can be measured when other behaviors do not seem to fit B. alternative performance criteria are needed for evaluating people who do not excel on other criteria C. identifying these extra-role behaviors acknowledges their value and contributes to their being evaluated and recognized D. spontaneous and innovative behaviors are more important to organizational success than the other behavioral requirements

E. after retirement or disability

With deferred profit sharing plan, payments to the workers are made: A. on an annual profit averaging basis B. only after a contingency amount has been withheld C. only to employees who have saved matching amounts D. only during the profitable years E. after retirement or disability

C. assembly line worker

Work simplification is best illustrated in which of these jobs? A. university instructor B. middle manager in a highly automated bank C. assembly line worker D. sales representative E. professional football player