ORG BEHAVIOR CH 7-8

1. A group has:

1. Shared goals; a common identity; at least two freely interacting individuals

11. Those who are both realistic and flexible are ?

11. Optimists

11. A team that works together over time and distance to combine efforts and achieve common goals is a(n):

11. Virtual team

12. List the group maintenance roles and the role they play.

12. Harmonizer: mediates conflict through reconciliation or humor / Gatekeper: encourages all to participate / Standard setter: evaluates group processes / Follower: serves as a passive audience

13. A ______ is a set of behaviors for a particular position.

13. Role

14. The tendency of individual effort to _________ as group size __________ is social loafing.

14. Decrease; increases

14. Define the following organizational values: restorative justice, compassion, and temperance

14. Restorative justice - resolve conflicts by giving all parties a chance to express their thoughts and feelings, producing solutions that focus on the greater good. Compassion — help others by showing sympathy, kindness, tenderness, and love. Temperance - promotes self-control, humility, and prudence when faced with temptation and provocation

15. The characteristics of a team are that :

15. Leadership is a shared activity; effectiveness is measured by collective outcomes; accountability is both individual and collective

17. It is more difficult to establish team cohesion, trust, and cooperation in __________ teams.

17. Virtual

18. The organizational functions of formal groups include:

18. Implementing complex decisions; coordinating interdepartmental efforts

18. Identify two characteristics of positive organizational behaviors.

18. Practicing humility and emphasizing meaningfulness

19. True or false: Employees have greater commitment, performance, satisfaction, and are retained more often when they believe organizational practices support them.

19. True

20. When do uncertainty management and profitability achievement become central to employees?

20. When organizations are defined by greed and secrecy

29. What are the benefits of norms?

29. More efficient group operations; a sense of order in a group

3. When specialists from different areas are put on the same team it is a _________ ____________ team.

3. Cross-functional

3. Optimists view successes as due to their personal causes and negative events to temporary external ones because they are:

3. Realistic and flexible

30. When in class, boredom can lead to ________ __________.

30. Attentional deficit

43. We flourish when we pursue ______________________ for its own sake because it builds self-efficacy and feelings of mastery.

43. Achievement

43. According to the Reina Model for rebuilding trust, it is important to discuss feelings and __________ constructively before reframing the ___________________ and taking _____________________ for what happened.

43. Emotions; experience; responsibility

48. Describe two ways of how the amplifying effect is passed on:

48. Emotions that are positive; social capital

48. What are the aspects of team composition

48. Skills and abilities of members; knowledge and experience of members

49. A view of organizations that focuses on achieving profitability and wealth but includes conflict, burnout, abuse, and formulating a plan to defeat the competition:

49. Is traditional but negative

5. A norm is a(n) _________ shared by two or more people that guides behavior. Name at least three.

5. Feeling; attitude; opinion

5. True or false: social capital and emotions that are positive describe how the amplifying effect is passed on.

5. True

50. The extend to which you are physically, cognitively, and emotionally involved with an activity is _________________.

50. Engagement

50. Hybrid reward systems are best of motivating teams because they:

50. Recognize individual and team performance

51. Punctuated equilibrium can occur in reaction to:

51. Innovation; changes in objectives

51. What organizations and individuals aspire to be when they are at their very best is called _________ __________.

51. Virtuous leadership

52. Positive relationships provide:

52. Esteem support; social companionship; informational support

52. Working across different time zones is among the challenges for members of ___________ teams.

52. Virtual

53. True or false: When you are inauthentic in your positivity with other people, they will still view you as credible if you try hard enough.

53. False

53. A role is a set expected behaviors for a particular ______, while a ___________ role is a set of expected behaviors for members of the group as a whole.

53. Position; group

57. The capacity to foster collective abandonment of justified resentment, bitterness, and blame and instead adopt forward-looking approaches in response to harm or damage is:

57. Forgiveness

58. When do formal and informal groups overlap?

58. A work group going to a movie together; a task force having a causal dinner after work together

59. A behavior such as complimenting a co-worker on a recent report is:

59. A prosocial behavior

6. Employees in self-managed work groups are acting as their own _________.

6. Managers

6. When do we rely on psychological capital?

6. When facing difficult circumstances

60. To reap the benefits of positivity, you must:

60. Be sincere and authentic; realize that insincere positivity can be harmful

60. The use of self-managed teams in organizations requires changes:

60. To training practices; in management philosophy; to reward systems

64. To make interactions into positive, worthwhile connection, you can:

64. Engage the other person by being present and attentive; trust others to meet your expectations and let it show; support others to achieve a goal

65. Attempts at positivity that lack sincerity can erode __________ as they undermine your credibility.

65. Trust

66. List the elements of psychological capital with an example of how to develop it.

66. Hope development: generate a work-related goal, develop multiple plans for achieving it, and ask for feedback from others / Efficacy development: break larger goals into smaller subgoals, create plans, and seek feedback / Resilience development: list your skills and talents and how they can be used to achieve your goal. Identify obstacles and how to avoid them. / Optimism development: identify obstacles and negative expectations. Check to see if they're valid and check with others.

67. Strategies to increase you own positivity include:

67. Expressing kindness; countering negative self-talk and thoughts; establishing enriching connections

68. The field of OB has started focusing on mindfulness because it can improve managerial skills linked to performance management such as:

68. Recognizing others; coaching; giving feedback

7. A card club meets monthly to play and have dinner. It is a(n) ________________.

7. Informal group

74. That meditation can be learned through practice is recognized by large companies such as General Mills and Google because it:

74. Fosters positive outcomes at group levels; improves attention and awareness

77. The framework of positive OB is driven by:

77. Psychological capital; positive emotions; mindfulness

80. Positive businesses do well and do good because they are profitable and they:

80. Make the well-being of their stakeholders important; believe supporting and developing employees is valuable in itself

1. This study and application of positively oriented human resource strengths and psychological capacities that can be effectively managed for performance improvement in today's workplace:

1. Is positive organizational behavior

38. During the forming stage of group development, members are likely to be uncertain about their __________, the people in __________, and the group's _________.

38. Goals; roles; charge

38. The upward spiral of positivity means that:

38. Your positive behaviors, attitudes, and feelings continually reinforce your own and those of others

46. Greater _______ makes you both more confident and more positive.

46. Efficacy

47. What can help virtual teams work better together?

47. Ensuring the team includes the right members; having the availability of each team member understood by all team members; offering progress updates to the appropriate team members

47. Breathing meditation can be done almost anywhere and can be beneficial if done for 5 minutes twice a day. Experts recommend that you get started by practicing diaphragm breathing. Once you are comfortable with this breathing technique, list the remaining steps in breathing meditation with the first step at the top.

47. Sit comfortably in a chair, feet flat, and back erect; close your eyes and breathe deeply; add counting to five to your breaths in and out

61. Three factors that create effectiveness when building a team include:

61. Capacity of the team; team charters and strategies; composition of the team

61. The focus of ________ _______________ is to help individuals, groups, and organizations to elevate, enrich, and flourish.

61. Virtuous leadership

62. Pursuing achievement for its own sake helps build:

62. Feelings of self-efficacy; feelings of mastery

63. A very cohesive sales team that achieved much higher sales than expected in a much shorter time period would be an example of:

63. Positive deviance

69. The state of being completely involved in an activity for its own sake is _______.

69. Flow

78. A study in the Harvard Business Review reported that flourishing employees exhibited:

78. Better overall performance; greater commitment to their employers; decreased in burnout

79. What is needed for mindfulness?

79. Sustained attention; nonemotional attention; attentional balance

1. Groups share norms and have goals.

TRUE

4. Employees who flourish report less stress and more organizational commitment and job satisfaction. They perform better, and are absent less, than employees who don't flourish.

TRUE

6. A group role is a set of expected behaviors for members of the group as a whole.

TRUE

9. In a true team, leadership must be shared.

TRUE

9. People with high levels of positive psychological capital have high levels of hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism.

TRUE

2. What describes a purpose of a formal work group?

2. Discussing ways to improve product quality

2. The ability to deal with challenges and opportunities is ?

2. Self-efficacy

20. A group's _________ role enables it to pursue its purpose, while its _________ roles support its interpersonal relationships.

20. Task; maintenance

24. Which of the following is a goal of collaboration?

24. Ensuring a collective outcome is completed

24. Recent research has shown that variables such as financial performance, customer satisfaction, and positive organizational climate are all outcomes of ?

24. Virtuous leadership

25. Subgroups may form and procrastination occur during the _________ stage of group development.

25. Storming

26. What are the ways that groups positively communicate role expectations.

26. Showing acceptance; offering friendship

26. A view of organizations typified by greed, selfishness, and a single-minded focus on winning values ________ as the ultimate measure of success.

26. Wealth

27. True or false: Teams can foster collaboration by recognizing and using the strengths of individual team members.

27. True

30. List the forms of trust and provide an example of each.

30. Contractual trust: do people do what they say they will? Are expectations for each other clear? / Communication trust: do people share information and tell the truth? / Competence trust: do people meet their responsibilities and acknowledge others' skills and experience?

31. Some benefits of flourishing are:

31. Lower cardiovascular risk; improved sleep; positive team performance

45. Left unchecked, the mind will tend toward ________________.

45. Mindlessness

46. True or false: When a group has norms, they can tackle the development process more effectively.

46. True

59. The 3 basic characteristics essential for team players to possess and use on the team include being:

59. Competent; collaborative; committed

7. The ability to bounce back from adversity and sustain yourself in the face of the demands of positive events is ?

7. Resiliency

70. What are the processes that lead to positive outcomes under the framework of positivity?

70. The positivity effect; the buffering effect; the amplifying effect

71. Research about positive and negative experiences agrees that:

71. Positive and negative experiences are not equals

72. The characteristic that is the mind's way to motivate us to move forward in the face of uncertainty is:

72. Optimism

73. Emotions that are _______ result in actions that are narrow and specific, while emotions that are _____ often widen someone's mindset.

73. Negative; positive

11. Efficacy is a component of a person's core self-evaluation; it influences how we perceive ourselves but does not influence how we perceive the world.

FALSE

2. According to Schein, a crowd is merely a large group.

FALSE

1. In a POB scenario, an organization measures its success by its accumulation of wealth.

FALSE

10. All work groups progress through the stages of group development to become effective teams.

FALSE

11. Research has clearly indicated that self-managed teams perform better than traditional work groups.

FALSE

12. Employees' perceptions of formal and informal organizational policies, practices, procedures and routines are known as organizational culture.

FALSE

13. The lack of face-to-face contact actually helps virtual teams to establish strong cohesion.

FALSE

13. To achieve a climate encouraging positive OB, an organization must foster a specific set of organizational values, organizational practices, and transformational leadership.

FALSE

15. Martha has several business meetings today. She also has to pick up her son for soccer practice, get to the grocery store, and wrap her mother's birthday gift. Martha is increasingly frustrated trying to reprioritize these activities in her mind. This is an example of mindfulness.

FALSE

2. Research supports the conclusion that positive organizational practices drive outcomes at the individual level, but not the group or organizational levels.

FALSE

3. Organizations should work to discourage positive deviance in the workplace.

FALSE

4. It is clear from research that personal friendship helps organizational productivity.

FALSE

6. One of the principles of conscious capitalism is to be shareholder-centric.

FALSE

7. Norms only emerge on their own in group situations; they are not consciously formed.

FALSE

76. The components of virtuous leadership most frequently discussed in OB research include:

76. Integrity; focus on the greater good; trust

9. Organizational climate is defined as employees' perceptions of ?

9. Practices and procedures; formal and informal organizational policies

37. The benefits of positive emotions are:

37. They spread to others around you; a broader perspective about overcoming challenges; that they build themselves

75. The ways that the text authors suggest you can build meaning in your life include:

75. Going out and helping someone; identify activities you love doing and do more of them and build them into your work life; finding a way to build your personal strengths into your personal and work life

22. The stage of Tuckman's group development model when members move on to other things is the:

22. Adjourning

39. The stage of group development characterized by a lot of helping behavior among group members to achieve goals is the ______ stage.

39. Performing

15. Organizations with the most effective teams typically use hybrid rewards that reward and recognize both individual and team performance.

TRUE

16. Stephen is a new insurance agent with an established company. He is nervous at the idea of making cold calls on the telephone to prospective clients. After thinking through the problem, Stephen decides to ask his supervisor if he can host a small introductory meeting, inviting local business in for coffee and cake to introduce himself. Stephen is exhibiting a high level of hope.

TRUE

23. Adopting best practices for virtual team members and leaders will have what effects?

23. Better focus of team efforts; developing partnerships

23. When Organizations employ the positivity effect, the result is often ?

23. Better performance

25. Understanding the components of psychological capital is important because it:

25. Reduces anxiety and stress, is flexible, and can increase job satisfaction

9. A small number of people with complementary skills committed to a common purpose, goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable is a(n) ________________.

9. Team

3. The members of the management faculty in the business school go out at the end of the semester to a local restaurant for dinner and socializing. They are both a formal and informal group.

TRUE

8. Attentional deficit can result from lack of sleep, conflicting priorities, or counterfactual thinking.

TRUE

8. Teams are a cornerstone of work life in today's organizations.

TRUE

29. Both willpower and way power are needed to have ________________.

29. Hope

31. Plans that outline exactly what the team is to do such as goal setting and defining member roles are team _________ ____________.

31. Performance strategies

39. For the POB practice that fosters employee positive, please list the benefits.

39. Decision-making discretion: gives employees more chances to learn; Share information: helps employees understand how their work fits in the goals of the company; Minimize incivility: select employees who treat others well and with respect; Provide feedback: offer both motivation and instruction

4. Rank Tuckman's fives stages of group development starting with the first stage at the top.

4. Forming; Storming; Norming; Performing; Adjourning

55. A group's ___________ roles enable it to pursue its purpose, while its ____________ roles support its interpersonal relationships.

55. Task; maintenance

56. To have hope you need to have:

56. A goal and the determination to achieve it; a path to achieve the goal

56. A plan for how the team will make decisions, share communications and strategies that should be agreed to early in the group development process is a(n) _________ _________.

56. Team charter

57. When trust is lacking in relationships within organizations, which of the following occurs?

57. Employees leave the company

58. The primary inhibitors of mindfulness are:

58. Attentional deficit; attentional hyperactivity

62. The ability of a team to adapt to changes such as changing demands or the transition of members in or out of the group is:

62. Team adaptive capacity

Practical ways to build trust include:

63. Being predictable and consistent, keeping promises; keeping team members informed by providing information on policies and giving accurate feedback; demonstrating respect by delegating responsibilities

10. What are the aspects of trust?

10. Believing that another person will keep the impact of his or her actions on you in mind; letting your guard down with another person

10. Paying focused attention to what a coworker is saying is an example of how ? improves interpersonal communication.

10. Mindfulness

8. List the characteristics of high-performing teams and give an explanation of each.

8. Shared leadership: create interdependency by empowering and serving others / Sense of accountability: all members feel as responsible as the manager for the performance of the work group / Open communication: a climate of honest communication is fostered; Early conflict resolution: when conflicts arise, they are resolved quickly / Alignment on purpose: understanding of the sense of common purpose of the team and the function it serves

8. True or false: refusing to acknowledge a thought or emotion is mindlessness.

8. True

32. What are the benefits of mindfulness?

32. More effective communications: improved listening skills and attention to nonverbal cues / More balanced emotions: paying attention to others' emotions reduces conflict / Improved personal effectiveness: more able to contribute in meetings and sustain positive relationships / Improved physical and mental effectiveness: more aware of surroundings, sensations, and emotions

32. The stage in Tuckman's group development process in which the group's power struggles are resolved in order to accomplish its goals is the ______________ stage.

32. Norming

33. Early in the group development process, a team can improve its chances of success if it:

33. Develops a team charter

33. An organization that values vitality, appreciation, collaboration, and meaningfulness is one that:

33. Develops thriving people and positive energy

34. Individuals in an entire organization such as a union or General Motors do not think of themselves as a group because they:

34. More closely resemble mere aggregates of people than groups; do not interact with every other member; are not all aware of every other member

34. Well-being is the combined impact of which elements?

34. Relationships; positive emotions; achievement

35. True or false: Because of the buffering effect, positive practices increase the impact of stressors.

35. False

35. Punctuated equilibrium is concerned with:

35. How a group functions in the face of change

36. Daydreaming about a vacation during class is an example of _______ ____________.

36. Attentional hyperactivity

36. True or false: You can guard against social loafing by making the group as big as possible to better ensure accountability

36. False

37. The benefits of using virtual teams includes:

37. Flexibility that is attractive to employees; reduced travel expenses; reduced real estate costs

10. Waypower is the ability to see alternatives to achieving a goal, even when faced with adversity.

TRUE

12. One effective use of virtual teams is in brainstorming ideas or solutions to problems.

TRUE

14. Trust of character is known as contractual trust.

TRUE

14. Well-being is the combined impact of positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and achievement, pursued for their own sake.

TRUE

7. Positive emotions broaden your mindset and open you to consider alternatives when trying to solve a problem, as well as help you build social relationships.

TRUE

12. The awareness that emerges the purposefully focusing your attention in order to fully experience an interaction is: ?

12. Mindfulness

13. List the steps to implement walking meditation

13. Form an intention such as feeling your feet; begin walking with your intention in mind; focus on how it feels to place and lift each foot; recognize distractions and refocus your attention all walking

15. Employees perceptions of formal and informal policies, practices, procedures, and routines at work are called ?

15. Organizational climate

16. Provide three benefits of positive emotions

16. Combating negative emotions; building social relationships; and bettering work performance

16. A reciprocal belief that another person will consider the effects of his intentions and behaviors on you is __________.

16. Trust

17. People who view their successes as due to their personal causes and negative events to temporary, external and situational ones are:

17. Optimists

21. Exceptionally ? means above and beyond expectation.

21. Positive

4. Explain the element of positive psychological capital: hope, efficacy, resilience, optimism

4. Hope - persevering toward goals to succeed; efficacy- having confidence to take on challenging tasks; resilience - bouncing back after problems or adversity; optimism - making a positive attribution about success now and in the future

40. People join groups because:

40. Groups can often get more done than individuals working alone

40. When organizations are defined by greed and secrecy, what becomes central to employees?

40. Uncertainty management; profitability achievement

41. Frantically trying to figure out how you will balance all of your work, study, and family commitments during a class is an example of:

41. Attentional hyperactivity

41. The purposes served by norms in an organization include:

41. Reducing time spent on the development process for groups; having pre-established guidelines for groups

42. Researches have shown that formal groups fulfill both ________ and _________ functions in organizations.

42. Organizational; individual

42. A positive act that is done without expectation of something in return is a(n) ____________ behavior.

42. Prosocial

44. What is a true statement about effective team players.

44. Effective team players display commitment, collaboration, competence

44. What are the positive effects of negative emotions?

44. They can assist you in seeking the help of others; they can make you improve

45. The "we feeling" that binds group members together is group _______.

45. Cohesiveness

49. The task roles that facilitate a group's work include:

49. Defining a common purpose; clarifying a common purpose

54. The collection of jobs, personalities, skills, experience, and knowledge of team members is the team's ___________________.

54. Composition

54. List the forms of social supported learned and their definition.

54. Esteem support: provides information that a person is accepted and respected despite problems or inadequacies; Informational support: provides help in defining, understanding, and coping with problems; Social companionship: spending time with others in recreational activities; Instrumental support: provides financial aid, material resources, or needed services.

55. Belonging to and serving something that you believe is bigger than the self is called __________.

55. Meaningfulness

5. A norm is a set of expected behaviors for a particular position.

FALSE

5. Shaniah and Raoul have dinner at a trendy new restaurant. They have to wait for 30 minutes, despite being on time for their reservation. The hostess who seats them does not apologize for the delay. The food is wonderful but expensive, and the service is terrible. When they leave, they pick up their coats at the coat room. The attendant is polite, prompt, and remembers that they left a package with her as they were going into dinner. Despite this, Raoul leaves no tip. This is an example of the positivity spiral.

FALSE

19. List the team competencies with the behavior that exemplifies it.

19. Contributes to the team's work: completes work accurately and on time / Keeps team on track: helps plan and organize work / Expects quality work: expects the team to succeed and cares about producing quality work / Interacts constructively with team members: listens to teammates and accepts feedback / Possesses relevant skills, knowledge, and abilities: is able to make meaningful contributions to the team

21. Team performance strategies include:

21. The tasks and responsibilities of the members; plans that outline exactly what the team is to do; setting goals for the team

22. An intention represents an end point or desire to ? you want to achieve.

22. Goal

27. A positive view of organizational behavior is characterized by:

27. Well-being; trustworthiness; positive spirals of flourishing

28. Attentional deficit and attentional hyperactivity are two key inhibitors of:

28. Mindfulness

28. People bond when they see each other, so it is important to have face time with a _____ team.

28. Virtual