Organic Chemistry
In the systematic name for the following structure, which of the following features would appear in the name as written?
"1,4,5-trimethyl" "octane" "1-fluoro-4-bromo" "2-3-di-methyl" Correct! "dimethylheptane"
Glycogen with 2 branches has ___________ reducing end(s).
0 Correct Answer 1 2 3 4
The D and L stereoisomers of glucose are determined by the configuration of the hydroxyl group on carbon
1 2 3 4 Correct Answer 5
A dextrin with a single branch will have how many non-reducing ends?
1 Correct Answer 2 3 4
Ribose differs from deoxyribose at position __________ on the ring.
1 Correct Answer 2 3 4 5
When the following molecule undergoes a hydration reaction, to which carbon number (based on IUPAC numbering) will the oxygen prefer to attach?
1 Correct Answer 2 3 4 5
On scrap paper, draw the electron or Lewis dot structure for Carbon. How many total paired electrons and unpaired valence electrons does this element contain, in this order?
1,4 2, 2 4, 0 Correct Answer 0, 4 4, 1
The name of the molecule below is __________________.
1-amino,3-bromobenzene 1-bromo,3-aminobenzene para-bromoaminobenzene Correct Answer 3-bromoaniline 1-amino-3-bromoaniline
What is the best choice for the name of this molecule?
1-chloro-1-methylacetic acid 2-chloro-2-methylacetate 2-chloropropanoic acid Correct Answer 2-chloropropionate propionic acid hydrochloride
What is the appropriate name for the molecule pictured below?
1-chloro-2-methyl benzene Correct Answer 2-chlorotoluene 1-chlorotoluene 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene 2-methyl-3-chlorobenzene
Ignoring cis-/trans- specifications, what is the IUPAC name for the following structure?
1-chloro-5,5-dimethyl-3-hexene Correct Answer 1-chloro-4,4-dimethyl-2-pentene 5-chloro-2,2-dimethyl-3-pentene 3-chloro-1-tert-butyl-1-propene 1-tert-butyl-3-chloro-1-propene
Ignoring cis-/trans- specifications, what is the IUPAC name for the following hybrid structure?
1-fluoro-5-methylcyclooctene 3-fluoro-4-methyl-1-cyclooctene 3-methyl-5-alkene-7-fluorocyclooctene Correct Answer 3-fluoro-7-methylcyclooctene para-fluorotoluene
A mRNA transcript containing 42 bases would code for a peptide with _____________ amino acids.
10 11 12 Correct Answer 13 14
How many hydrogen atoms does dicyclopentyl ether contain?
10 12 16 Correct Answer 18 20
Amides with an upper limit of less than how many carbons tend to be water-soluble?
10 9 8 7 Correct! 6
How many carbons are contained in the steroid ring nucleus (do not consider branches or free ends)?
12 Correct! 17 18 23 24
What angle best approximates the angle made by the oxygen atom and its two bonding partners in an ether?
180° 120° Correct! 109.5° 90° 60°
Choose the response that best answers the following three questions, in the order presented. (1) How many hydrogens would an 8-carbon linear alkane contain? (2) How many hydrogens would an 8-carbon alkane in which 3 of the carbons branched from the main chain contain? (3) How many hydrogens would an 8-carbon cycloalkane contain?
18; 18; 18 Correct Answer 18; 18; 16 18; 15; 16 16; 16; 14 16; 15; 18
On scrap paper, draw the structure of 2,7-dimethyl-4-octyne. How many secondary carbons does this molecule contain? Does this molecule have an axis of symmetry, that is, could you produce a symmetrical structure by rotating single bonds?
1; no Correct Answer 2; yes 2; no 4; yes 4; no
How many net water molecules will be formed when the pentapeptide Ala-Gln-Gln-Pro-Ile is synthesized?
2 3 Correct! 4 5 6
How many carbon atoms are coplanar within one molecule of benzene?
2 4 Correct! 6 12 18
When the Fischer projection of alpha-D-glucose is represented in the Haworth projection, the number of hydroxyl groups below the plane of the ring is _____.
2 Correct Answer 3 4 5 all
Based on your knowledge of IUPAC naming rules, what is likely to be the best name for the following compound?
2,3-pentenol Correct Answer 3-penten-1-ol 2-penten-5-ol hydroxypentene 2-penten-1-ol
Which of the following statements about 5-carbon straight-chain molecules with single-oxygen functional groups is correct?
2-pentanone is also known as propyl methyl ketone Correct Answer 3-pentanone is also known as diethyl ketone three different ketones can be formed via oxidation of a carbon atom within a 5-carbon straight-chain alkane two different aldehydes can be formed via oxidation of a carbon atom within a 5-carbon straight-chain alkane
Which of the following cationic isotopes of mercury has the largest atomic size?
202Hg+ 194Hg+ 199Hg+ 201Hg+ Correct! all of the above isotopes have the same atomic radius
According to the inside cover of your textbook, what is the atomic mass of the atom in Period 4, Group IVA. Note: you will need to be familiar with Roman numerals for this course.
22 32 47.87 Correct! 72.64 127.6
A neutral atom loses an electron and now holds net charge of +1 with 26 remaining electrons and has a mass number of 58. How many neutrons does this charged atom contain?
27 28 30 Correct Answer 31 32
The number of molecules of carbon dioxide produced by the complete combustion of heptane are
3 4 5 6 Correct! 7
Consider conjugation. A long molecule contains a conjugated network of double bonds. Two of these double bonds begin at carbon 2 and carbon 8. At which carbon must a double bond also begin?
3 4 5 6 Correct! more than one of the above choices is correct
On scrap paper, draw the Haworth projection for α-D-glucose and determine the number of chiral carbons in this molecule. How many chiral carbons does this molecule contain?
3 4 Correct Answer 5 6 0
In the formula for 1-chloro-2-methylcyclopentane, how many total hydrogens does the molecule contain?
3 7 10 Correct! 11 12
What is the IUPAC name for the following hydrocarbon?
4,4-dimethylpentane 1,1,1-trimethylbutane Correct Answer 2,2-dimethylpentane 4-4-dimethyl-pentane t-butyl-propane
Assuming each base is appropriately paired, how many hydrogen bonds will be present in a DNA double helix where one strand has the following sequence? TTA TGC AGG TAC ACA CCG GTA
42 45 Correct! 52 56 63
What is conventionally considered the maximum length of something that is considered to be an oligomer?
5 units Correct Answer 10 units 15 units 25 units 50 units
Choose the answer below which best completes the following statements, in order of presentation: The beginning of a nucleic strand is called the _____-end and has a free ______ group while the tail of a nucleic acid strand is called the ______-end and and has a free ____ group.
5'; hydroxyl; 3'; phosphate 3'; hydroxyl; 5'; phosphate 5'; hydroxyl; 3'; hydroxyl 3'; phosphate; 5'; hydroxyl Correct! 5'; phosphate; 3'; hydroxyl
A neutral atom has the electron arrangement 2, 8, 8, 1. How many additional electrons can be placed in the first, second, third and fourth shells of this atom, respectively?
6, 0, 0, 7 0, 0, 0, 7 2, 0, 8, 31 Correct Answer 0, 0, 10, 31 0, 0, 28, 63
Consider the following structure. How many hydrogen atoms does this molecule contain?
9 12 14 15 Correct Answer 16
How many possible tripeptides can be formed from the 20 amino acids?
9 60 4000 Correct! 8000 20,000
In double-stranded DNA, the correct statement is:
A = G C = T T = U Correct! A = T
Which of the following lists of amino acids is in the order: acidic-basic-neutral?
A-Lys-Tryptophan Y-Gly-Histidine E-Tyr-Phenylalanine C-Gln-Threonine Correct! D-Arg-Methionine
The following is a section of a DNA template strand in the 5' to 3' direction: TTA AGC ACC GTA TCA GGG CGT AGA Choose the sequence of the complementary strand written in the 5' to 3' direction.
AAT TCG TGG CAT AGT CCC GCA TCT Correct! TCT ACG CCC TGA TAC GGT GCT TAA UCU ACG CCC UGA UAC GGU GCU UAA
The only N-base without a carbonyl group is _____________________.
C T U Correct! A G
The molecule below is an organic acid called peroxyformic acid. It is an organic compound. The bond that is a nonpolar covalent bond is
C in double bond to O C in single bond to O Correct Answer C in single bond to H O in single bond to H it has fewer nonpolar bonds
Which of the following structures, formulas or names is incorrectly matched to the class of fatty acid into which it falls?
C16H30O2: monounsaturated CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CHCHCH2CHCHCH2CHCHCH2CH2CH2CH2COOH: omega-6 Image 1: omega-3 Correct Answer tetradecanoic acid: omega-3 CH3-(CH2)4-(CHCHCH2)3-(CH2)3-COOH: omega-6
Which of the following would not be a correct way to represent hexane?
C6H14 Correct Answer (CH3)6 CH3-(CH2)4-CH3 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 H3C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
The bond with the greatest difference in electronegativity is between the atoms of the molecule _________.
CN Correct! KCl NaI F2 LiCl
The element is which the total number of electrons and the number of valence electrons is the same is ______.
CORRECT H Na B F Ne
The number of electrons in the valence shell of the Group II (2) A elements is______________.
CORRECT two four six eight ten
The following nucleotide substitutions may occur in the middle of a coding sequence for a protein. Which is likely to be the least problematic for overall protein function?
CTT > GTT Correct Answer GAT > GAC TGC > TGA AAA > AGA ATT > AGT
What is the appropriate name for the molecule pictured below?
Correct Answer 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 1,2,5-trichlorobenzene 1,3,4-trichlorobenzene 2,3,5-trichlorobenzene there are multiple appropriate names listed above
Choose the pH for an alkaline or basic solution.
Correct Answer 12.7 0.4 3.0 6.0 7.0
What is the correct IUPAC name for the following alcohol?
Correct Answer 2-methyl-1-pentanol 2-ethoxypentane 3-methyl-1-hexanol 1-hydroxy-2-propylpropane 4-methylpentan-5-ol
What is the chemical symbol for the smallest metalloid in Group VIIA?
Correct Answer At f F fluorine there is none
Which acid-base classification system is most relevant to biological systems?
Correct Answer Brønsted-Lowry Lewis Arrhenius Gibbs strong vs. inorganic
Oxidation of the carbonyl group carbon of D-glucose to the carboxyl level produces
Correct Answer D-gluconic acid D-gluronic acid D-glucitol D-glucose acid D-glucose oxide
Using the acid base chart, a strong acid is _______________________
Correct Answer HCl HF HCN H2S
Consider the following three molecules: • pentanal • 3-pentanone • 1,3,5-pentanetriol [pictured]
Correct Answer all three molecules have five carbons one of the three molecules has a carbonyl group all three molecules are derived from pentyne all three molecules have the same number of hydrogens all are soluble in organic solvents
In a chemical equation for the complete combustion of an alkane hydrocarbon, what are the products of the reaction?
Correct Answer carbon dioxide, water and energy carbon dioxide, water and oxygen carbon dioxide and water carbon dioxide and oxygen oxygen and energy
The conversion of D-glucose from the straight chain to the ring structure creates an additional
Correct Answer chiral center ketone aldehyde hydrogen aldose
Hydrolysis of esters in water is called
Correct Answer hydration dehydration hydrogenation dehydrogenation
The defining characteristic of an atom is
Correct Answer number of protons number of electrons number of neutrons
Which of the following would not be considered an alkyne?
Correct Answer propionitrile [pictured above] C7H12 an 8-carbon hydrocarbon w/ a double bond at carbon 6 and a triple bond at carbon 2 1-chloro-4-methyl-2-pentyne ethyne
All of the following physiological substances are made from cholesterol except _____.
Correct Answer stearidonic acid bile salts vitamin D cortisone dihydrotestosterone
Which of the following is not true regarding somatic mutations?
Correct Answer they may be passed from generation to generation and help direct evolution within certain environmental contexts they may result in functional cellular defects which, if detrimental enough, can cause cells to undergo apoptosis if occurring in certain genes, they may contribute to the development of cancer they often go unnoticed from the point of view of the whole organism they may be caused by acute exposure to a chemical agent, but all cells produced from the mutated cell will have the same defect within them
Two important biological ester-like linkages include _____ & _____.
Correct Answer thioesters & phosphodiesters thioesters & nitroesters ethers & phosphodiesters nitroesters & biesters ethers & biesters
Assess the accuracy of the following statements, in the order presented. (1) Within the most stable conformation of cyclohexane, the greatest number of carbon atoms that are coplanar is 4. That is, if a flat surface was moved through the molecule, this would correspond to the greatest number of carbon atoms that could contact it at any given time (2) The following molecule would be named 4-ethyl-1-chlorooctane
Correct Answer true; false true; true false; true false; false
Evaluate the accuracy of the following statements, in the order presented. (1) The following disaccharide is the alpha isomer of this particular sugar (2) A glycosidic linkage always involves an anomeric carbon
Correct Answer true; true false; false true; false false; true
Select the fatty acid with the greatest degree of unsaturation
Correct! linoleic acid palmitic acid oleic acid
Which of the following statements is inaccurate regarding the essentiality of carbohydrates?
Correct! there are 8 minor carbohydrates used that we must obtain from our diet, and of these 8, we have a special need for dietary xylose most abundant molecules on earthh present in cell walls of plants and bacteria participate in cell signaling
How many different types of carbon-carbon bonds are present within a molecule of benzene?
Correct! 1 2 3 6 12
What is the best IUPAC name for the following alcohol?
Correct! 3-ethyl-2-methyl-3-hexanol 3-isopropyl-3-hexanol 1,1-dimethyl-2-ethyl-2-pentanol 2-ethyl-1,1-dimethyl-2-pentanol 4-isopropyl-4-hexanol
Consider the following structure. How many primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary carbons does this molecule contain, in that order? Keep in mind that this structure represents a three-dimensional molecule, the "split" bond (starred) is a single bond between two carbons in the background.
Correct! 3; 4; 1; 2 3; 4; 2; 1 3; 7; 0; 0 5; 6; 0; 2 5; 4; 1; 2
How many electrons does the neutral atom in Period 5, Group VB contain?
Correct! 41 51 52 83 115
The element that has more than one ion
Correct! Fe Ba P Sr
Some enzymes work by providing acid and base activities with a single active site as a method of catalysis. Those activities are provided by _____________________.
Correct! R groups of amino acids peptide bond alpha carbon amino group carboxyl group
The number of atoms on the left side of the arrow should equal the number of atoms on the right side of the arrow in the chemical equation below. Is this a balanced equation? 2 Fe + 3 Cl2 --> 2 FeCl3
Correct! True False
What is the definition of a meso compound?
Correct! a molecule with 2+ chiral centers that is identical to its mirror image due to a plane of symmetry a molecule with 1+ chiral centers that is identical to its mirror image due to a plane of symmetry a molecule with 1+ chiral centers that has a non-superimposable mirror image a molecule with 2+ chiral centers that has a non-superimposable mirror image an achiral molecule that is identical to its mirror image due to a plane of symmetry
Choose the answer that best completes the following statement.Dehydration converts an ____________________________ to an _______________________________.
Correct! alcohol; alkene alcohol; aldehyde aldehyde; alkene alkene; alcohol
Which functional group is not found in gingerol [pictured below], the flavor component of fresh ginger?
Correct! aldehyde ketone ether alcohol aromatic ring
The thiol functional group is _____________________.
Correct! an -SH group an -OH group an - NH2 group derivative of carboxylic acid
The anomeric carbon in deoxyribose is ________________________.
Correct! carbon 1 carbon 2 carbon 3 carbon 4 carbon 5
How do ribose and deoxyribose differ?
Correct! deoxyribose replaces a hydroxyl group with a hydrogen atom at carbon 2 deoxyribose replaces a hydroxyl group with a hydrogen atom at carbon 3 deoxyribose is a ketone rather than an aldehyde deoxyribose replaces a hydroxyl group with a hydrogen atom at carbons 2 and 3 they are diastereomers
Conjugated double bond systems are often found in:
Correct! fatty acids simple sugars proteins ionic compounds
The following structural representation, where free methyl groups are shown, is commonly used in biochemistry and would best be referred to as _____.
Correct! hydrocarbon inorganic compound with four carbons ionic compound
Which of the following descriptions or definitions is incorrect?
Correct! nucleoside diphosphate: the form of a nucleotide that appears within a nucleic acid nucleoside: a nitrogenous base plus a 5-carbon sugar nitrogenous base: a heterocyclic aromatic ring system with basic nitrogen atoms nucleoside triphosphate: the form of a nucleotide used as the cellular energy currency Nucleotide: a nitrogenous base, a 5-carbon sugar and one or more phosphate groups
Primary protein structure is held together by which of the following stabilizing interactions or linkages?
Correct! peptide bonds hydrogen bonds hydrophobic interactions salt/ionic interactions polar interactions
The atomic ion that would have the greatest negative charge would be ___________
Correct! phosphorus oxygen sodium barium iodine
The primary structure of a protein is
Correct! sequence of amino acids alpha helix beta-pleated sheet disulfide bond
Choose the answer that best describes amylopectin.
Correct! the faster digesting and energy releasing form of starch the minor storage form of carbohydrates in plants contains less than 4,000 glucose units, or residues has a left-handed helical structure contains only alpha-1,4 linkages
Assess the accuracy of the following statement, in the order presented. All 18-carbon fatty acids with three carbon-carbon double bonds will have the same molecular formula, irrespective of the position and orientation of the bonds
Correct! true false
Ra is a ___________________________ .
Correct!metal nonmetal metalloid
Mutations are alterations in the _________________ .
DNA polymerases RNA polymerases Correct! DNA mRNA proteins
An enzyme involved in what biological process should be promiscuous?
DNA synthesis RNA synthesis Correct Answer detoxification protein synthesis synthesis of cell-surface oligosaccharides
The following is a section of the mRNA molecule in the 5'-3' direction: AAA ACC AAG CCA GGG UAC GCC CGA UUU AGG AAC If this mRNA is translated, which amino acid does not appear in the protein sequence?
F R Y K Correct Answer W
The conjugate base of HCN is ________________.
H+ Correct Answer CN- C N
The molecule below that is not a covalent compound is
H2O CO2 Correct Answer BaCl2 CN
Which of the following pairs consists only of organic compounds?
H2O (water) & CO2 (carbon dioxide) CO2 (carbon dioxide) & C6H12O6 (glucose) Correct! C6H12O6 (glucose) & CH4N2O (urea) CH4N2O (urea) & KMNO4 (potassium permanganate) KMNO4 (potassium permanganate) & Fe7S8 (pyrrhotite)
In the following equation, identify the Bronsted Lowry conjugate base H2SO4 + H2O <-> HSO4 - + H3O+
H2SO4 Correct Answer HSO4- H2O H3O+
Which of the following molecules does not have a chiral center?
Image 1 Correct Answer Image 2 Image 3 Image 4 Image 5
Which of the following structures would need a "cis-" or "trans-" designation?
Image 1 Image 2 Correct Answer Image 3 Image 4 more than one image above would need such a designation
Below is the Fischer projection for D-fructose. Which of the following images is an epimer?
Image 1 Image 2 Image 3 Correct Answer Image 4 Image 5
Which of the following structures is incorrectly matched to a chemical prefix?
Image 1, top molecule: ortho- Image 1, bottom-left molecule: para- Image 1, bottom-right molecule: meta- Image 2: trans- Correct! Image 3: cis-
Which alcohol is incorrectly matched to its degree classification?
Image 1--primary alcohol Image 2--tertiary alcohol Image 3--secondary alcohol Correct! image 4 - primary alcohol No answer text provided.
A transition element that forms +1 and +2 ions is _______________________
Pb Au Mn Correct Answer Cu
The anomers of D-glucose are designated using
R- vs. S- R- vs. L- D- vs. L- (+)- vs. (-)- Correct! α- vs. β-
What is the appropriate condensed formula for an aldehyde carbon that has undergone reduction? Hint: draw it out, and recall that hydrogens written following other atoms are attached to those specific atoms.
R-CHO R-CH2O Correct! R-CH2OH R-COOH R-CHOH
Which of the following ions has 68 electrons?
Tm4- La3- Tm- Correct! Ta5+
The following is a section of a DNA template strand in the 5'-3' direction: TTA AGC ACC GTA TCA GGG CGT AGA Choose the sequence of the corresponding mRNA in the 5'-3' direction.
UUA AGC ACC GUA UCA GGG CGU AGA AGA UGC GGG ACU AUG CCA CGA AUU AAU UCG UGG CAU AGU CCC GCA UCU Correct! UCU ACG CCC UGA UAC GGU GCU UAA UCU GCA CCC AGU CAU UGG UCG AAU
What is the correct formula for the following compound? vanadium (V) sulfide
VS5 Correct! V2S5 V3(SO4)5 V5S V5S2
What class of lipid is the following? How many fatty acids total would be used in synthesizing this molecule from "scratch" using only macronutrients and their precursors? Hint: the word serine is relevant here.
a glycerophospholipid; 3 a sphingophospholipid; 1 a sphingoglycolipid; 1 a sphingophospholipid; 2 Correct! a sphingoglycolipid; 2
The following structure, where "R" is a hydrocarbon chain and "X" is any atom or collection of atoms, would be best characterized as what?
a ketone group a carboxy group a remainder group Correct! an acyl group an aliphatic group
Which of the following is a true statement regarding oxidation of the phenol functional group?
a phenol is oxidized when it is deprotonated in solution Correct! a phenol cannot be oxidized to a ketone by an oxidizing agent a phenol can be oxidized to a cyclohexanol by a reducing agent a phenol can be oxidized to a quinol by a reducing agent
Which of the following phrases best describes an isoenzyme
a substance that inactivates an enzyme one of two enzymes that that have the same molecular weight a fully active enzyme with a bound cofactor Correct! the specific form of an enzyme expressed and regulated within a given tissue that catalyzes a chemical reaction occurring in several different tissues of the body the enzyme used for medical diagnostics
Electronegativity is a measure of _____________________________.
ability of atoms in a covalent bond to attract protons Correct! ability of an atoms in a covalent bond to attract electrons ability of atoms in an ionic compound to attract protons ability of electrons in an ionic bond to attract electrons
What kind of linkage connects an amino acid to its corresponding tRNA?
acetal amide Correct! ester ether hemiketal
Threonine is a __________________ amino acid
acidic basic Correct! hydrophilic hydrophobic
Which of the following are most effective at hydrolyzing starches? Choose the best answer.
acidic solutions and basic solutions basic solutions and cold temperatures digestive enzymes and artificial sweeteners Correct Answer acidic solutions and digestive enzymes cold temperatures and artificial sweeteners
Consider the following chemical reaction in a small volume of solution. According to LeChatelier's Principle, which perturbation will shift the reaction towards the left (towards reactants)? 2CrO42- + 2H+ ↔ Cr2O72- + H2O + Heat
adding CrO42- evaporating water from the solution removing Cr2O72- Correct Answer adding Cr2O72- cooling the solution
All of the following can speed up the net rate of a chemical reaction except
adding more molecules of reactant increasing the temperature the presence of a catalyst Correct! forcing the reaction to operate close to equilibrium reducing the amount of space in which two reacting gases are contained
The sugar in RNA is a ________________________.
aldohexose ketohexose Correct! aldopentose ketopentose
Why does a carboxylic acid serve as a proton donor?
all hydrogens that can hydrogen bond tend to dissociate to make the parent compound acidic the carbon of the carboxyl group is a strong electrophile which repels the proton this is an experimental observation for which there is not an accepted chemical explanation Correct Answer the resulting carboxylate ion is well-stabilized by resonance between the extra electrons and the carbonyl group making the products of dissociation more stable and therefore dissociation more favorable there is not sufficient space to accommodate the hydrogen nucleus given that the nearby oxygen has three lone pairs of electrons
Consider the following molecule. In common nomenclature, what Greek letter would be assigned to the carbon indicated by an asterisk?
alpha Correct Answer beta gamma delta epsilon
Two sugars connected by ______________ linkage would produce a non-reducing disaccharide.
alpha 1,4 beta1,4 alpha1,6 Beta 1,6 Correct Answer alpha,beta 1,2
What sugar(s) is/are produced from hydrolysis of the following disaccharide?
alpha-lactose glucose + mannose Correct Answer galactose + glucose galactose only beta-maltose
Amides are produced by the formation of a bond between _________________ and _______________.
amine; water amine and amine Correct! amine and carboxylic acid amine and ester
All else being equal, which class of amine is the strongest base?
ammonia primary secondary Correct! tertiary quaternary
What is the name of the following compound? NH4ClO4
ammonia chlorate ammonia perchlorate Correct! ammonium perchlorate ammonium hydrochloric acid nitrogen tetrahydrochlorate
What is the lowest degree amine unable to give rise to an amide (that is, undergo amidation) through combination with a carboxylic acid and why?
ammonia--because it is the best hydrogen bond donor and will not easily lose these hydrogen atoms secondary--because a hydrogen atom must be removed and these amines have no additional hydrogen atoms in their neutral state secondary--because one of the two alkyl groups will get in the way of the carbonyl group and preclude a reaction taking place tertiary--because the nitrogen will become chiral and this is not permitted Correct Answer tertiary--because a hydrogen atom must be removed and these amines have no additional hydrogen atoms in their neutral state
The storage form of glucose in animals is
amylose amylopectin Correct Answer glycogen cellulose
When an alkene undergoes hydration, what is added to the molecule?
an oxygen atom a water molecule as H2O two hydrogen atoms Correct! a water molecule as -H and -OH a double bond
The following bond (marked with an asterisk) would be best characterized as a(n) _____.
anoxic glycosidic linkage amide linkage N-glucoside Correct Answer N-glycosidic linkage hydrogen bond
What is the definition of a transition state?
any high energy chemical species that can be formed by combining reactants Correct! a transient chemical intermediate of high potential energy through which a reaction must progress a chemical species with potential energy halfway between reactants and products the specific pathway for a given reaction No answer text provided.
What is the name of the following compound? Ag3P
argentum phosphorous silver I phosphide silver III phosphide Correct! silver phosphide silver phosphate
Which of the following does not refer to a pure substance?
atom element compound molecule Correct! solution
A particular radioactive isotope of iodine contains 78 neutrons and is utilized for the detection of protein-losing enteropathy and therapeutically in thyroid cancer. In the full atomic symbol for this radioactive iodine what would be written in the left superscript and left subscript positions, respectively?
atomic number; mass number number of neutrons; number of electrons atomic number; number of neutrons Correct! mass number; atomic number number of neutrons; atomic number
The various resonance structures drawn using Lewis diagrams can be combined into a resonance _____, the most reasonable diagrammatic representation of the molecule.
blend conjugation superposition Correct! hybrid dash-structure
Which of the following is not a chromosome-level genetic alteration?
bulk deletion Correct Answer post-transcriptional modification of mRNA transposition translocation inversion
Which of the following grouped pairs is most likely to contain only ionic interactions? Here, the "+" symbol refers to the combination of these two elements in a bonding interaction with one another.
calcium + potassium; carbon + nitrogen; zinc + aluminum; neon + hydrogen Correct Answer magnesium + fluorine; rubidium + chlorine; iron + oxygen; lithium + nitrogen calcium + potassium; rubidium + chlorine; zinc + aluminum; lithium + nitrogen magnesium + fluorine; carbon + nitrogen ; iron + oxygen; neon + hydrogen none of the above sets of pairs is likely to contain only ionic interactions
The anomeric carbon in fructose is
carbon 1 Correct! carbon 2 carbon 3 carbon 4 carbon 5
Essentially all lipid-soluble nutrients are involved in the detection of, utilization of, and protection from, environmental _____.
carbon dioxide oxygen chlorophyll metals Correct! light
What are the reactants used in photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide and water three-carbon sugars and oxygen Correct! carbon dioxide, water and energy from sun carbon dioxide and oxygen carbon dioxide, chlorophyll and energy from the sun
Which of the following pairs of atoms is incorrectly matched to the type of bond formed between them?
carbon-sulfur: nonpolar covalent nitrogen-tin: ionic lithium-lithium: nonpolar covalent oxygen-zirconium: ionic Correct! bromine-fluorine: nonpolar covalent
Why does cyclohexanol not need a numerical prefix?
carbons in ring structures are never numbered Correct! the hydroxyl group is the only substituent and is understood to be on carbon 1 the hydroxyl group is the only substituent and is understood to be on carbon 6 all carbons in cyclohexanol are equivalent alcohols are not numbered as branches are
Esters are synthesized from ______________________.
carboxylic acid alcohol aldehyde ketone carboxylic acid and an alcohol
A carbon competent to form four bonds may be referred to as _____.
cardinal biaxial Correct! tetravalent tetrahedral quadrilateral
All of the following are lipids except _____.
ceramide Correct! insoluble fiber progesterone cod liver triglycerides
The nonstandard amino acid cystine [pictured], contains all of the following except _____.
chiral carbons Correct Answer amide groups carboxylic acid groups amine groups a disulfide bond
A disaccharide is considered a reducing sugar if it contains a free _________
chiral varbon Correct! anomeric carbon carboxyl group hydroxyl group glycosidic bond
Which of the following would not correctly specify a 12-carbon fatty acid with two cis- double bonds at carbons 6 and 9?
cis,cis-Δ6,Δ9-dodecadienoic acid ω-3 dodecadienoic acid 12:2 Correct Answer 12-(6,9)3 12:2, cis,cis-Δ6,Δ9
What is the systematic name for the following structure, specifying cis-/trans-?
cis-2,3-diethyl-2-butene Correct! cis-3,4-dimethyl-3-hexene trans-4-ethyl-3-methyl-3-pentene trans-3-methyl-2-ethyl-2-pentene cis-dimethyl-cis-diethyloctene
A suicide inhibitor of enzyme activity is __________________.
competitive noncompetitive uncompetitive Correct! irreversible mixed
In general, biological molecules do not have __________.
conjugated double bonds cis double bonds trans double bonds Correct Answer triple bonds
Which of the following characteristics is most likely to be a property of an inorganic compound?
contains only covalent bonds Correct! has very high melting and boiling points easily combustible in air insoluble in water has a low density
The tripeptide below contains which of the following amino acid residues?
cysteine-leucine-aspartate methionine-isoleucine-aspartate Correct Answer methionine-leucine-aspartate cyteine-leucine-glutamate
For the tetrapeptide, phe-cys-asp-trp, the amino acid at the N-terminus is ________________ and the amino acid at the C-terminus is ___________________
cysteine; aspartic acid phenylalanine; aspartic acid Correct! phenylalanine; tryptophan tryptophan; phenylalanine
An ester linkage is found in which of the following molecules:
deoxyadenine guanine thymine cytosine Correct! AMP
What is the common name for the amine shown below?
dibutyl ethyl amine N,N,N-dibutylethylamine Correct! dibutylethylamine dipentylethylamine pentyl-pentyl-ethylamine
Quaternary interactions occur in proteins with
disulfide linkages Correct! more than one protein chain salt bridges hydrophobic interactions
What is the most important type of interaction for both determining and stabilizing the tertiary structure of a protein?
disulfide linkages hydrophilic interactions hydrogen bonding hydrophobic interactions Correct! interactions between R groups in different regions of the protein
Isotopes differ in the number of ____________.
electrons protons Correct! neutrons shells ions
Choose the best term to complete the following statements, in the order presented. (1) Chemical energy is a type of _____ energy. (2) Thermal (heat) energy and the energy of photons are types of _____ energy.
electrostatic; vibrational Correct! potential; kinetic kinetic; potential vibrational; electrostatic non-conserved; conserved
Which of the following are likely to be most similar in terms of chemical properties?
elements adjacent to one another within a period elements far apart within a period Correct Answer elements next to one another within a group elements far apart within a group any two transition metals
Glucose and galactose are _______________ at carbon _______________.
epimers; 2 epimers; 3 Correct! epimers; 4 anomers; 1 anomers; 2
Which of the following is not a glycerophospholipid head group?
ethanolamine Correct! carnitine serine choline inositol
What is the common name of the amide formed in the following reaction? propanoic acid + ethylmethylamine →
ethylmethylpropionamide N-ethyl-N-methylpropionamide Correct Answer N,N-ethylmethylpropanamide propylethylmethanamide N,N-propylethylformamide
Assess the accuracy of the following statements, in the order presented. (1) Bicarbonate (HCO3-) is amphoteric (2) An acid with a low pH will be a weaker acid than an acid with a higher pH
false; false Correct Answer true; false false; true true; true No answer text provided.
The most stable conformation of cyclohexane is referred to as the _____ conformation.
fan boat offset twist Correct! chair
The molecule that contains an ester group is _____________________.
fatty acid glycerol Correct Answer phospholipid cholesterol
The ultimate endogenous source of methyl groups for methylation processes within the body is/are __________.
folate and vitamin B12 methylglycines Correct! serine and glycine S-adenosyl methionine sulfur and carnitine
A decrease in pH of 2 units from a starting pH of 4, changes the solution _________________.
from an acidic to a basic solution from a basic to an acidic solution Correct Answer solution remains an acidic solution solution remains a basic solution
All of the following amino acids are important for collagen structure, except _____.
glycine Correct! hyperlysine hydroxyproline allysine proline
The amino acid with only one codon is ____________________.
glycine alanine cysteine Correct! methionine glutamic acid
The class of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides is ______________________.
glycosidase protease Correct! lipase nuclease
What is the name of the general process by which a smaller monosaccharide units are combined together into larger carbohydrates?
glycosylation hydrolysis hydrofusion glyceride cleavage Correct! dehydration synthesis
What would the parent name of the longest hydrocarbon chain in the molecule below?
hexane heptane Correct! octane nonane pentane
C7H14 is the formula for ______________,
hexane hexene cyclohexane heptane Correct Answer cycloheptane
All of the following molecules would be considered heterocyclic amines except for _____. Note: you may need to look up one or more structures online.
histamine piperdine Correct Answer aniline quinine caffeine
What type of reaction will convert gingerol [pictured in question 12] into shogaol [pictured below]?
hydration Correct! dehydration hydrogenation dehydrogenation reduction
The intermolecular forces between nonpolar molecules are
hydrogen bonds Correct! dispersion forces ionic polar attractions
What is the correct full name for the nucleotide with the following features? -A purine base with both carbonyl and amino groups outside of the ring -a 5-carbon sugar missing an oxygen atom on C2 -two phosphates
hydroguanosine triphosphate deoxyguanine diphosphate Correct! deoxyguanosine diphosphate quanosine DNA residue triphospho-deoxyguanosine
When glucose goes from an open-chain form [Image 1] to a cyclic form [Image 2] in solution, it loses one type of functional group and gains another type of functional group. Which choice below corresponds to the functional groups unique to the open-chain and cyclic forms, respectively?
ketone; secondary alcohol aldehyde; epoxide primary alcohol; epoxide Correct! aldehyde; ether ketone; ether
Which fatty acid is not contained in one of the following triglycerides?
lauric acid myristic acid palmitic acid Correct Answer stearic acid linoleic acid
The number of valence electrons of beryllium is ______ _______ the number of valence electrons of barium.
less than greater than Correct! equal to
The model that best represents the cell membrane lipid bilayer is ____________________________.
lipoprotein saponification Correct! fluid mosaic hydrogenation
The most abundant RNA is ______________.
mRNA tRNA Correct! rRNA hnRNA snRNA
The common name for CH3COOH is
methanoic acid formic acid ethanoic acid Correct Answer acetic acid
The addition of a ____________ group to butane increases the solubility of the resulting molecule in water.
methyl ethyl double bond Correct Answer hydroxyl group propyl
The polar or hydrophilic moiety of cholesterol is ______________.
methyl group fused ring Correct! hydroxyl group alkyl side chain double bond
The name of the following molecule is
methyl propanoate ethyl propionate methyl butanoate Correct Answer ethyl butanoate
Which of the following elements is not known to have a role in the human body?
molybdenum Correct! gallium cobalt chromium zinc
Diversity of carbohydrates occurs due to differences in the following:
monosaccharide composition glycosidic linkages branching Correct! all of the above
Enantiomers are the same in every single way except for one. What is the one way in which they differ?
movement within a magnetic field melting point, due to their different crystalline structures Correct! the way in which they interact with other chiral structures different atoms are next to one another in space solubility, due to their different interactions with water
One of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of DNA is:
mutase hydrolase esterase Correct! polymerase phosphatase
Choose the answer that best completes the following statements. As part of the carbonyl group, the carbon atom may be considered slightly _____, because of differences in electronegativity between carbon and oxygen.
negatively charged Correct! positively charged no charge
The site of protein synthesis is
nucleus Correct! ribosome endoplasmic reticulum golgi apparatus vesicle
In a covalently-bonded homoatomic diatomic molecule such as H 2 or O 2, where are the electrons participating in the bond located?
on the outskirts or periphery of the two-atom system Correct! in the space between the two nuclei near the larger atom near the less electronegative atom exactly on a line segment connecting the two nuclei
A saturated six carbon compound and an unsaturated six carbon compound differ by __________________ number of hydrogens
one Correct! two three four
One molecule of ozone (O3), contains how many atoms of oxygen?
one two Correct! three four
Choose the answer that best completes each of the following statements, in order of their presentation. (1) The process by which there is an increase in electron density around an atom is called _____. (2) From the perspective of a carbon atom, the formation of a new carbon-oxygen bond is an example of _____.
oxidation; reduction oxidation; oxidation Correct Answer reduction; oxidation reduction; reduction exposure; carboxylation
Which of the following sulfur-containing metabolites is most likely to cause net-harm within the body?
oxidized glutathione taurine DHEA sulfate Correct! homocysteine iron-sulfur cluster proteins
Which chemical feature is not found in any of the 20 amino acids?
phenol Correct! ether amide heterocyclic amine thioether
Which of the following head groups is correctly matched to the role of its phospholipid within the cell?
phosphatidyl(Image 1) is a component of surfactant phosphatidyl(Image 3) is important for membrane fusion phosphatidyl(Image 4) is rare and intimately involved in cell signaling Correct! phosphatidyl(Image 2) has an essential role in apoptosis (cell suicide) they are all correctly matched
The storage form of fatty acids is ____________________________________.
phospholipids sphingolipids cholesterol Correct! triglycerides
Alkaloids are _____. Choose the single best answer.
plant-derived anesthetics that help to ameliorate gastric pain toxic components formed when amino acids, sugar and creatine combine in the presence of heat any plant compound with basic properties that contains a heterocyclic ring Correct Answer bioactive metabolites from plants and fungi that contain a basic nitrogen, as well as closely-related molecules secondary chemicals from plants containing both alcohol and amino groups
All of the following enzymes and proteins participate directly or peripherally in the Central Dogma, except __________.
polymerases (DNA & RNA) DNA helicase aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase Correct! phospholipase A2 the ribosome
Which class of amine always has a positive charge on the nitrogen atom and cannot hydrogen bond?
primary secondary tertiary Correct Answer quaternary none of the above
An indigestible food component, often a carbohydrate, that is selectively fermented to change the specific composition or activity of gastrointestinal flora with resultant benefits to the host is called a(n) _____.
probiotic Correct! prebiotic oligosaccharide glucan biofilm
N-methylpropanamide is sythesized from methylamine and ____________.
propane propanal Correct! propanoic acid ammonia 2-propanone
Which of the following statements, relating reactants to products in a hydrogenation reaction, is incorrect?
propene is hydrogenated to propane trans-2-methyl-3-hexene is hydrogenated to 2-methylhexane Correct! 3-methylcyclohexene is hydrogenated to 3-methylcyclohexane 5-methyl-1-hexene is hydrogenated to 2-methylhexane full hydrogenation of benzene yields cyclohexane
Amine (amino) groups are found in _____.
proteins nucleic acids phytonutrients and plant metabolites vitamins and modified sugars Correct! all of the above
The hydrogen ion consists of __________________.
proton and electron proton, neutron, and electron proton, hydride, hydronium Correct Answer proton only electron only
When the carbon of an alcohol is converted to an aldehyde, the carbon bonded to the oxygen is
reduced Correct! oxidized dehydrated hydrated
Which of the following processes of the Central Dogma is mismatched with its cellular location?
replication--nucleus Correct! tRNA charging--nucleus post-translational protein processing--cytoplasm or cytoplasmic organelle transcription--nucleus translation--cytoplasm
In order, the amines shown in Image 1 and Image 2 [pictured] would be classified as _____, _____.
secondary, secondary Correct Answer primary, secondary secondary, quaternary primary, quaternary tertiary, tertiary
Which of the following describes transfer RNA?
small RNA molecule involved in specific, post-transcriptonal gene silencing informational intermediate between a specific gene and its protein product manufactured on a ribosome cryptic remains of viral elements that can copy and paste throughout the genome major component of ribosomes with an enzymatic role in protein synthesis Correct! cloverleaf-shaped RNA that contains anticodons
Lipids are ____________________________ in water so they are transported as complexes called ______________________ in blood.
soluble; lipoprotein soluble; micelles insoluble; triglycerides Correct! insoluble; lipoprotein
Choose the answer that does not describe glycogen.
stored in skeletal muscle, hepatocytes and to small extent in the brain the most highly-branched polysaccharide constructed upon a protein primer with a name ending in "genin" contains up to 30,000 glucose units and lots of non-reducing ends Correct! contains β-1,6 glycosidic linkages at specific branch points
Choose the answer below which best completes the following statements, in order of their presentation. DNA replication is ____________, with each ____________ strand serving as template for, and eventually pairing with a new __________ strand
strategic; template; coding Correct! semiconservative; parent; daughter conservative; parent; offspring unidirectional; DNA; RNA cloning; natural; synthetic
Amides can be hydrolyzed by all of the following except _____________.
strong base strong acid enzymatic action heat and water Correct! salt
In the molecule below, the ________ atom replaces the ____________ in the glycosidic linkage.
sulfate; oxygen Correct Answer sulfur; oxygen sulfur; nitrogen sulfate; nitrogen oxygen; sulfur
Which of the following statements about N2O4 is correct?
the best name for the molecule, placing it in simplest terms, would be nitrogen dioxide this is an ionic compound Correct Answer the molecule has a total of 46 electrons the molecule has a total of 42 valence electrons The bonds between nitrogen and oxygen are nonpolar.
The Fischer projection for D-gulose is shown below. In the Haworth projection for β-D-gulose, with the anomeric carbon drawn on the right-hand side, which of the following statements is incorrect?
the carbon 1 -OH group is above the plane of the ring Correct Answer the carbon 2 -OH group is above the plane of the ring the carbon 3 -OH group is below the plane of the ring the carbon 4 -OH group is above the plane of the ring carbon 5 is within the plane of the ring
Which is the driving force (determining factor) for why a small nonpolar molecule (solute) will dissolve in oil (solvent)?
the law of covalency polarity Correct Answer entropy Coulomb's law a small nonpolar molecule will not dissolve in oil
Which of the following represents a mass closest in magnitude to an atomic mass unit, also known as a Dalton?
the mass of a proton the average mass of an electron and a proton the mass of a neutron CORRECT the average mass of a proton and a neutron as found within a carbon atom both "a" and "c" as protons and neutrons have the same exact mass
The difference between an aldose and a ketose is
the number of carbons in the monosaccharide the number of hydroxyl groups in the monosaccharide Correct! the position of the carbonyl group in the monosaccharide the number of hydrogens in the monosaccharide
All of the following are true of buffers except __________.
the purpose of a buffer is to resist changes in pH when an acid-base perturbation occurs within a chemical system a buffer contains a mixture of a weak acid (or base) and the salt of its conjugate base (or acid) a buffer has a total concentration much greater than the expected concentration of acid or base added to impose a disturbance a buffer has roughly equal concentrations of the weak acid (or base) and conjugate base (or acid) Correct Answer a buffer will remain equally strong in both directions following the addition of perturbing acid or base
Which of the following is true of chemical equilibrium?
the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction both the forward and reverse reactions have stopped and motion has ceased a system can arrive at equilibrium from any starting distribution of reactants and/or products, and following the addition or removal of any amount of reactant or product the chemical potential energy of the reactant and product molecules is the same Correct Answer more than one of the above statements is correct (A & C)
The atomic size of an atom is
the size of the nucleus the number of shells Correct! the distance from the nucleus to the outermost shell the number of valence electrons
Where are esters most likely to be seen in mammals?
the structure of the protein backbone Correct Answer lipid storage of fats, sterols and vitamins cell surface oligosaccharides complexed with minerals in coordination interactions all of the above
Which of the following phrases best describes how catalysts speed chemical reactions?
they are broken down to release more molecules of product as the reaction proceeds Correct! they increase the rate of the reaction they vibrate with high thermal energy needed for reactants to be converted to products they reduce the chemical potential energy of the products of the reaction they allow more than one type of reactant to be converted to the same exact product
Why are the concentrations of hydronium and hydroxide equal in pure water?
they are not actually equal they are different names for the same compound they have the same solubility in water Correct Answer for every water molecule that dissociates, one hydroxide ion is formed and one hydronium ion is eventually formed they are always bonded to one another in a 1:1 ratio
When using skeletal structures, all of the following are reasons that alkane backbones are drawn as zig-zags, except __________.
they represent the fact that carbons are connected to one another through tetrahedral angles they conveniently account for carbon atoms at vertices and endpoints they represent a more stable, more extended conformation which reduces impingement of the electron clouds of groups attached to two adjacent carbons Correct! they make it easier to distinguish the top from the bottom of the molecule and to show a one-dimensional molecule in two dimensions they allow skeletal formulas to be drawn quickly
Thiols may be oxidized in a single step to form _____.
thioethers sulfhydryls thiones Correct! disulfides sulfates
Consider the following Haworth projection for a glucose-containing disaccharide: Which of the following statements is accurate?
this disaccharide could be derived from the hydrolysis of cellulose this disaccharide could be derived from the hydrolysis of starches this is the alpha isomer of this disaccharide there is another sugar residue present besides glucose Correct Answer this disaccharide contains a 1,6 glycosidic linkage
If pure alpha-D-galactose is dissolved in water, a large amount of beta-D-galactose is eventually present in solution. How does this occur?
this will only occur if an isomerase enzyme is present Correct! in the presence of water, the two forms can interconvert through an open-chain intermediate in a process called mutarotation, the beta form is more stable and will persist beta-D-galactose is the decay product of alpha-D-galactose sterochemistry at an anomeric carbon can spontaneously invert when molecules collide with one another a hydroxide ion is released and then reattaches to the anomeric carbon in a different orientation
Complete hydrogenation of an omega-6 fatty acid yields a _____ fatty acid. Incomplete hydrogenation of an omega-6 fatty acid often yields the above plus _____-monounsaturated fatty acids (with lesser amounts of other fatty acids).
trans-; cis- monounsaturated; cis- saturated; cis- monounsaturated; trans- Correct! saturated; trans-
The correct order for the processes involved in the flow of genetic information is:
transcription --> replication --> translation translation --> transcription --> replication replication --> translation --> transcription Correct! replication --> transcription --> translation
The two main structural classes of protein are _____ & _____.
transmembrane & soluble domain & linker Correct! fibrous & globular spherical & rod-shaped enzyme & constitutive
Which of the following is not a role of cholesterol within a healthy body?
transporting fatty acids and triglycerides within the bloodstream protect tissues by serving as an antioxidant and raw material for repair Correct! reducing insulin secretion from the pancreas add fluidity to cold membranes and rigidity to warm membranes
What disaccharide is pictured below?
trehalulose isocellobiose gentiobiose Correct! isomaltose myomaltose
Evaluate the accuracy of the following statements, in the order presented. (1) D-glyceraldehyde rotates light to the right (2) L-amino acids generally rotate light to the left because they are L-amino acids
true; true Correct! true; false false; true false; false
Assess the accuracy of each of the following statements, in the order presented. (1) For representative elements, the number of valence electrons is equal to the group number that precedes the letter "A" (2) Like charges attract
true; true Correct! true; false false; true false; false No answer text provided.
Assess the accuracy of the following two statements, in the order they are presented: (1) Amino acids found in proteins are all D-amino acids. (2) There is no single, unified model that explains how all proteins fold
true; true true; false Correct! false; true false; false
Assess the validity of the each of the following statements in the order presented: 1. In a purine, the six-membered ring of the base is connected to the five carbon sugar by an N-glycosidic linkage 2. Humans are the most advanced organisms and have the largest number of genes
true; true true; false false; true Correct! false; false
Which of the following molecular features would have the most double bonds?
two double bonds and a branch two double bonds Correct Answer an aromatic ring a cycle and two branches a double bond and a cycle
Base pairing between two complementary strands of DNA occurs between
two purines two pyrimidines Correct! purine and pyrimidine
In an isopropyl group, a _____-carbon substituent is connected to a main chain or other chemical group by a _____ carbon.
two; primary two; secondary three; primary Correct! three; secondary four; tertiary
All of the following are ways in which we can produce variability in oligosaccharide structure, except __________.
using different monosaccharides, taking advantage of several chiral carbons using different types of glycosidic linkages forming branches Correct Answer attaching multiple sugars to a single anomeric carbon modifying the alcohol groups on the sugars to form other functional groups, as in N-acetyl glucosamine
A coconut is suspended from the top of the leaning tower of Pisa. The coconut possesses added energy in the form of _____ energy. An arrow shot from a bow and flying rapidly through the air possesses added energy in the form of ______ energy.
vertical; horizontal gravitational; velocity velocity; gravitational kinetic; potential Correct Answer potential; kinetic
Which of the following small molecules and functional groups is incorrectly matched with its # of donor sites and its # of receptor sites for hydrogen bonding. Drawing Lewis structures may help with analysis.
water: 2, 2 alcohol: 1, 2 Correct Answer carbonyl: 0, 1 HF: 1, 3 NH3: 3, 1
What is the appropriate nomenclature for the linkage holding the following disaccharide together?
β-6,1 α-6,1 Correct Answer α-1,6 α,β-1,6 α-2,1